Heavy metal contamination of polluted site has become a recurring decimal globally posing a threat to human life and biodiversity. This study was carried out to investigate the bioaccumulation potential and health risk assessment associated with the consumption of two indigenous vegetables Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae) in Akure. Initial pre soil analysis showed that the heavy metal concentration were above the safe limit as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals investigated include Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe and Pb for their bioaccumulation factor to provide baseline data regarding environmental safety and suitability of the vegetables for human consumption. Translocation factor, Daily Intake of Metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Oral Refrence Dose (RFD) were calculated following standard methods. This study concludes that different vegetables accumulate and translocate variable amount of heavy metals from the soil into their tissues. Hence, it is not advisable to consume vegetable samples collected from this site based on the permissible limits as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).
{"title":"Bioaccumulation potential and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) obtained from a selected dump site in Akure, Nigeria","authors":"F. Ologundudu, Adegbite Tobi, Omotola Fopeyemi","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Heavy metal contamination of polluted site has become a recurring decimal globally posing a threat to human life and biodiversity. This study was carried out to investigate the bioaccumulation potential and health risk assessment associated with the consumption of two indigenous vegetables Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae) in Akure. Initial pre soil analysis showed that the heavy metal concentration were above the safe limit as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals investigated include Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe and Pb for their bioaccumulation factor to provide baseline data regarding environmental safety and suitability of the vegetables for human consumption. Translocation factor, Daily Intake of Metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Oral Refrence Dose (RFD) were calculated following standard methods. This study concludes that different vegetables accumulate and translocate variable amount of heavy metals from the soil into their tissues. Hence, it is not advisable to consume vegetable samples collected from this site based on the permissible limits as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81431586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the reproductive performance of female Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae) administered with 20-OH ecdysone during different phases of the oogenic cycle. The effect of administration was evaluated by comparing the mean gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, oocyte proportion values and histological features of the control and concurrent control ovaries with those of the experimentals. The results clearly indicated that 20-OH ecdysone can stimulate ovarian growth and maturation in all phases of the oogenic cycle, though it caused statistically significant effects only during the early and middle vitellogenic phases, evidenced from the accelerated gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter and oocyte proportion values, occurrence of vitellogenic oocytes in avitellogenic and previtellogenic ovaries, increased degree of yolk deposition and proliferation of gonia in the experimental ovaries compared to the controls. The outcome of this study is quite promising in the aquaculture practice of this locally abundant edible freshwater crab which forms a cheap protein substitute for the malnourished tribes/poor people of Wayanad.
{"title":"Effect of ecdysteroids on oogenesis in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae)","authors":"S. Raghavan, A. Ayanath","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study evaluated the reproductive performance of female Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae) administered with 20-OH ecdysone during different phases of the oogenic cycle. The effect of administration was evaluated by comparing the mean gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, oocyte proportion values and histological features of the control and concurrent control ovaries with those of the experimentals. The results clearly indicated that 20-OH ecdysone can stimulate ovarian growth and maturation in all phases of the oogenic cycle, though it caused statistically significant effects only during the early and middle vitellogenic phases, evidenced from the accelerated gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter and oocyte proportion values, occurrence of vitellogenic oocytes in avitellogenic and previtellogenic ovaries, increased degree of yolk deposition and proliferation of gonia in the experimental ovaries compared to the controls. The outcome of this study is quite promising in the aquaculture practice of this locally abundant edible freshwater crab which forms a cheap protein substitute for the malnourished tribes/poor people of Wayanad.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81378511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the activity pattern and the height of capture of birds and bats can help to optimize the sampling of both groups. Our aimed was to determine the rates of capture at different times of day/night, and the overlap in the height of capture; classify the trophic guilds, and check variation in the capture rates of the birds and bats. We conducted the study in the Antimary State Forest, in March, 2017. We set mist-nets at the same location during five consecutive days, and were open between 06:00 h and 00:00 h. The birds presented a bimodal activity pattern, as well as bats. Bats were captured at higher levels than birds. Most of the birds captured were insectivores, where as most of the bats were frugivores. Neither group presented a clear pattern of variation in capture rates. Therefore, the first hours of the morning are fundamental for the capture of birds. For bats, we would recommend the captures only after 17:00 h. Mist-nets should be set at ground level for birds, whereas for bats, they should be set above a height of 0.5 m. Thus, the captures should be optimized.
{"title":"Birds and bats captured in a managed forest in Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia: Results and recommendations from a short-term study","authors":"Diego Pedroza, R. S. Verde, E. Guilherme","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Understanding the activity pattern and the height of capture of birds and bats can help to optimize the sampling of both groups. Our aimed was to determine the rates of capture at different times of day/night, and the overlap in the height of capture; classify the trophic guilds, and check variation in the capture rates of the birds and bats. We conducted the study in the Antimary State Forest, in March, 2017. We set mist-nets at the same location during five consecutive days, and were open between 06:00 h and 00:00 h. The birds presented a bimodal activity pattern, as well as bats. Bats were captured at higher levels than birds. Most of the birds captured were insectivores, where as most of the bats were frugivores. Neither group presented a clear pattern of variation in capture rates. Therefore, the first hours of the morning are fundamental for the capture of birds. For bats, we would recommend the captures only after 17:00 h. Mist-nets should be set at ground level for birds, whereas for bats, they should be set above a height of 0.5 m. Thus, the captures should be optimized.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77047212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, plants are being an excellent alternate to fight the further spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this study, six plant species grown wildly in Palestine were used to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. The dried areal parts of Calamintha incana, Lupins pilosus, Parietaria judica, Satureja thymbra, Thymbra spicata and Verbascum fruticulosum were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol solvents. All extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity using micro-dilution method. Plant extraction with alcohol solvents provided stronger antibacterial effect compared to the aqueous ones. All alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect against E. coli except the ethanol extract of L. pilosus and the methanol extracts of V. fruticulosum and C. incana. Moreover, C. incana aqueous extract was the only aqueous extract with bacteriostatic activity. Among the studied plant species, ethanol extract of T. spicata was the most potent one with MBC value 12.5 mg/mL. However, P. judica ethanol extract which exhibited the best MIC effect (6.25 mg/mL) killed E. coli isolate at a 25 mg/mL. In conclusion, obtained results confirmed the efficacy of using some plant extracts as natural antibacterial alternatives. Therefore, it suggests the possibility of using them as drugs for the treatment of other multidrug resistant bacterial isolates.
{"title":"Antibacterial effect of some wild medicinal plants in Palestine against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate","authors":"L. Abdallah, G. Omar","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061209","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, plants are being an excellent alternate to fight the further spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this study, six plant species grown wildly in Palestine were used to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. The dried areal parts of Calamintha incana, Lupins pilosus, Parietaria judica, Satureja thymbra, Thymbra spicata and Verbascum fruticulosum were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol solvents. All extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity using micro-dilution method. Plant extraction with alcohol solvents provided stronger antibacterial effect compared to the aqueous ones. All alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect against E. coli except the ethanol extract of L. pilosus and the methanol extracts of V. fruticulosum and C. incana. Moreover, C. incana aqueous extract was the only aqueous extract with bacteriostatic activity. Among the studied plant species, ethanol extract of T. spicata was the most potent one with MBC value 12.5 mg/mL. However, P. judica ethanol extract which exhibited the best MIC effect (6.25 mg/mL) killed E. coli isolate at a 25 mg/mL. In conclusion, obtained results confirmed the efficacy of using some plant extracts as natural antibacterial alternatives. Therefore, it suggests the possibility of using them as drugs for the treatment of other multidrug resistant bacterial isolates.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73694267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ethanolic oil extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana was assayed for its biotoxicity against the survival of Callosobruchus maculatus, immature stages, damage and seed weight-loss. The result was dosage and time of exposure dependent. The contact treatment revealed A. wilkesiana oil as an applicable biocide as it significantly (p < 0.05) affect the survival rate, suppressed oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus, hence reduced seed damage and weight-loss in grains below economic injury level. Contact treatment were the most toxic with LD50 values of 3.97 and 5.85 at 72 h, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fumigant values 4.16 and 6.04, suggesting its isolation for future biocide study to establish the dose and mode of action for commercialization in crop protection.
研究了白果乙醇油提取物对斑斑胼手虫的生存、未成熟阶段、损害和种子失重的生物毒性。结果与剂量和暴露时间有关。接触处理结果表明，木香精油可显著(p < 0.05)影响黄斑金蝇的成虫率、产卵率和羽化率，降低黄斑金蝇的种子伤害和籽粒失重，低于经济伤害水平。接触处理的毒力最强，72 h LD50分别为3.97和5.85，显著低于熏蒸处理的4.16和6.04 (p < 0.05)，为今后的杀菌剂研究奠定基础，为作物保护的商业化用药剂量和作用方式奠定基础。
{"title":"Efficiency of Acalypha wilkesiana (Muell Arg.) leaf oil extract applied as a biocide against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)","authors":"M. Oni","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061216","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ethanolic oil extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana was assayed for its biotoxicity against the survival of Callosobruchus maculatus, immature stages, damage and seed weight-loss. The result was dosage and time of exposure dependent. The contact treatment revealed A. wilkesiana oil as an applicable biocide as it significantly (p < 0.05) affect the survival rate, suppressed oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus, hence reduced seed damage and weight-loss in grains below economic injury level. Contact treatment were the most toxic with LD50 values of 3.97 and 5.85 at 72 h, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fumigant values 4.16 and 6.04, suggesting its isolation for future biocide study to establish the dose and mode of action for commercialization in crop protection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77913909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghazouani Hiba, Basma Latrech, M. Amel, B. Douh, G. Issam, A. Boujelben
Compared to other irrigation methods, drip irrigation systems (DI) are considered one of the most efficient form of irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation allowed reducing water losses by evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation comparing to other irrigation systems supplying water on soil surface. Field evaluation of Uniformity of water applications and its stability, however, are still a matter of controversy and deserve more investigation, since the collection of water discharged needs to excavate the soil around the emitters. Experiments carried out at the Department of Rural and Agrifood Engineering of Polytechnic University of Valencia allowed describing a methodology to assess the performance of drip irrigation through hydraulic characterizations and an emission uniformity coefficient, using the step by step models. Calculations evidenced that operating pressures on emitters ranged between 127.6 kPa and 131.7 kPa, whereas the corresponding flow rates varied from 4.00 L/h and 4.07 L/h, with an average value of 4.02 L/h. Variability in the emitters’ flow rate resulted very limited due to the short length of the lateral (25.6 m). However, more attention should be paid to this for a longer field dimensions. Consequently, the value of emission uniformity coefficient was equal to 96.3%, testifying the uniform water distribution within the sub-plot.
{"title":"Using the step by step models to evaluate field application uniformity of subsurface drip irrigation systems","authors":"Ghazouani Hiba, Basma Latrech, M. Amel, B. Douh, G. Issam, A. Boujelben","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Compared to other irrigation methods, drip irrigation systems (DI) are considered one of the most efficient form of irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation allowed reducing water losses by evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation comparing to other irrigation systems supplying water on soil surface. Field evaluation of Uniformity of water applications and its stability, however, are still a matter of controversy and deserve more investigation, since the collection of water discharged needs to excavate the soil around the emitters. Experiments carried out at the Department of Rural and Agrifood Engineering of Polytechnic University of Valencia allowed describing a methodology to assess the performance of drip irrigation through hydraulic characterizations and an emission uniformity coefficient, using the step by step models. Calculations evidenced that operating pressures on emitters ranged between 127.6 kPa and 131.7 kPa, whereas the corresponding flow rates varied from 4.00 L/h and 4.07 L/h, with an average value of 4.02 L/h. Variability in the emitters’ flow rate resulted very limited due to the short length of the lateral (25.6 m). However, more attention should be paid to this for a longer field dimensions. Consequently, the value of emission uniformity coefficient was equal to 96.3%, testifying the uniform water distribution within the sub-plot.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81499165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Koka, A. Wani, M. Bhat, S. Parveen, M. Fazili, Nusrat Ahmad
Egg plant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is an important vegetable grown in Kashmir. It is attacked by number of fungal pathogens in storage and in the field. These fungi caused several fungal rot diseases resulting heavy losses to the growers. Therefore, present study was carried out to study the incidence and management of fungal rot of egg plant using some selected plant extracts. It was revealed from the study that Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) causing decaying of egg plant under storage. Study was also undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extract against Trichothecium roseum on inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. It was observed from the results that amongst the plant extracts, plant extract of Ajuga bracteosa at highest concentration was found most effective against Trichothecium roseum and cause highest inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination followed by plant extract of Taraxicum officinale, Mentha arvensis and Iris kashmiriana at the same concentrations. Other concentrations of plant extracts also bought about significant reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination of the test fungus but to a lesser extent as compared to control.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales), causal organism of fungal rot of Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Kashmir, India","authors":"J. Koka, A. Wani, M. Bhat, S. Parveen, M. Fazili, Nusrat Ahmad","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Egg plant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is an important vegetable grown in Kashmir. It is attacked by number of fungal pathogens in storage and in the field. These fungi caused several fungal rot diseases resulting heavy losses to the growers. Therefore, present study was carried out to study the incidence and management of fungal rot of egg plant using some selected plant extracts. It was revealed from the study that Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) causing decaying of egg plant under storage. Study was also undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extract against Trichothecium roseum on inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. It was observed from the results that amongst the plant extracts, plant extract of Ajuga bracteosa at highest concentration was found most effective against Trichothecium roseum and cause highest inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination followed by plant extract of Taraxicum officinale, Mentha arvensis and Iris kashmiriana at the same concentrations. Other concentrations of plant extracts also bought about significant reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination of the test fungus but to a lesser extent as compared to control.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85314680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of mollusks by riverine and coastal families occurs mainly through the sale to add extra income to the family. However, little knowledge about the species that are marketed in the confection of zoohandicraft. From the above, the present study aims to characterize the diversity of mollusks used in zoohandicraft of the State of Pará, Brazil. To carry out this study, between March and August 2014, traditional handicraft marketing points were visited in the Municipality of Belém, the state capital. In all, 16 species of mollusks were found, 56% of gastropods and 44% of bivalves, arranged in five types of zoohandicraft (bio-jewels, ornaments for the ceiling, souvenirs, keychains, and certificate holders), and shells. Among the most abundant species, we highlight the bivalves Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767) and Triplodon corrugatus (Lamarck, 1819), it is emphasized that no species is on the red list of species threatened with extinction. It is concluded that the few existing data on the production and trade of zoohandicraft are insufficient to measure anthropogenic effects on the mollusks used to make the materials.
{"title":"Use of mollusks in zoohandicraft manufacturing in the Amazon Region","authors":"M. Barros, R. Chagas","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061224","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of mollusks by riverine and coastal families occurs mainly through the sale to add extra income to the family. However, little knowledge about the species that are marketed in the confection of zoohandicraft. From the above, the present study aims to characterize the diversity of mollusks used in zoohandicraft of the State of Pará, Brazil. To carry out this study, between March and August 2014, traditional handicraft marketing points were visited in the Municipality of Belém, the state capital. In all, 16 species of mollusks were found, 56% of gastropods and 44% of bivalves, arranged in five types of zoohandicraft (bio-jewels, ornaments for the ceiling, souvenirs, keychains, and certificate holders), and shells. Among the most abundant species, we highlight the bivalves Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767) and Triplodon corrugatus (Lamarck, 1819), it is emphasized that no species is on the red list of species threatened with extinction. It is concluded that the few existing data on the production and trade of zoohandicraft are insufficient to measure anthropogenic effects on the mollusks used to make the materials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78815185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Isaac Fernandes Gomes, M. B. Aragão, M. Bezerra, H. Chaves
Stress responses activate protective mechanisms to achieve homeostasis, but they can be detrimental when such responses become maladaptive. Anxiety relates to risk assessment of a potential threat and involves uncertainty regarding the anticipation of a threatening situation and it dampers quality of life. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory system in the central nervous system and plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal transmission in the brain, affecting many physiological and psychological processes. This mini-review aims to summarize key points concerned with the GABAergic transmission and basic aspects related to the GABAergic system in anxiety.
{"title":"GABAergic transmission and modulation of anxiety: A review on molecular aspects","authors":"Francisco Isaac Fernandes Gomes, M. B. Aragão, M. Bezerra, H. Chaves","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061202","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stress responses activate protective mechanisms to achieve homeostasis, but they can be detrimental when such responses become maladaptive. Anxiety relates to risk assessment of a potential threat and involves uncertainty regarding the anticipation of a threatening situation and it dampers quality of life. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory system in the central nervous system and plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal transmission in the brain, affecting many physiological and psychological processes. This mini-review aims to summarize key points concerned with the GABAergic transmission and basic aspects related to the GABAergic system in anxiety.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88679032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disease in any form is undesirable in any human population. Malaria is a communicable disease that is vectored by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the leading vector transmitted disease in terms of the number of morbidity and mortality accounting for over 200 million cases annually. Several control measures have been employed by man over the years to control the vector which will in turn lead to the control of the diseases with the popular ones involving the use of insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides. However, these control measures have their various pitfalls. The use of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) through bioengineering may be a promising method of reducing malaria vector population in our environment. This process involves population replacement technique (PRT) and population suppression techniques (PST). With proper integration of GMMs into the already existing control measures employed in the management of mosquitoes, a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of malaria is envisaged.
{"title":"Bioengineering of malaria vectors, anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a control strategy: An overview","authors":"K. Ileke, Isaac Omotayo Olabimi","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061204","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Disease in any form is undesirable in any human population. Malaria is a communicable disease that is vectored by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the leading vector transmitted disease in terms of the number of morbidity and mortality accounting for over 200 million cases annually. Several control measures have been employed by man over the years to control the vector which will in turn lead to the control of the diseases with the popular ones involving the use of insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides. However, these control measures have their various pitfalls. The use of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) through bioengineering may be a promising method of reducing malaria vector population in our environment. This process involves population replacement technique (PRT) and population suppression techniques (PST). With proper integration of GMMs into the already existing control measures employed in the management of mosquitoes, a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of malaria is envisaged.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74773605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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