Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.40
Okseon Lee
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a life skills-centered teacher professional development program on students’ perceptions of the learning climate and life skills transfer. Data were collected through a survey of 294 secondary school students (n = 183, experimental group; n = 111, control group) by administering the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) and the Korean Life Skill Transfer Survey (KLSTS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results showed that there were significant differences in perceptions of the learning climate and life skills transfer between students in the experimental group and those in the control group (p < .05). Findings of the study indicated that a teacher professional development program can influence students’ perceptions of the learning climate, especially regarding autonomy, competence, and relatedness, thus promoting life skills development and transfer.
{"title":"Impacts of the teacher professional development program on students’ perceptions of the learning climate and life skills Transfer","authors":"Okseon Lee","doi":"10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a life skills-centered teacher professional development program on students’ perceptions of the learning climate and life skills transfer. Data were collected through a survey of 294 secondary school students (n = 183, experimental group; n = 111, control group) by administering the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) and the Korean Life Skill Transfer Survey (KLSTS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results showed that there were significant differences in perceptions of the learning climate and life skills transfer between students in the experimental group and those in the control group (p < .05). Findings of the study indicated that a teacher professional development program can influence students’ perceptions of the learning climate, especially regarding autonomy, competence, and relatedness, thus promoting life skills development and transfer.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87670590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.48
Youngsook Kim, Chang，Tai-Seok
The present study aimed to test the effect of imagery training based on neurofeedback in elite archers of South Korea. Imagery training was provided to six elite archers, who imagined shooting three arrows in a set for a total of eight sessions. During imagery training, actual sounds recorded from an international archery Competition were played and Neurofeedback training was provided in a laboratory. In order to accurately measure EEG (Electroencephalogram), the archers were sufficiently rested, and the external environments were controlled before training began to prevent interference by artifacts. EEG was measured while the archers performed imagery training; real-time feedback was provided using vibrations when the waveform of beta waves was outside of the threshold determined for each archer. In addition, to test the effect of imagery training, scales assessing sports competitive state anxiety and sports imagery were administered before and after training, and pre-post changes were assessed. The results showed that in all archers, beta waves stabilized and vibration frequency decreased in post-measurement. Anxiety levels were reduced and imagery ability improved. Based on the findings, real-time neurofeedback training is believed to enhance athletes' self-regulation.
{"title":"A Case Study on the Effect of Imagery Training for Elite Archers of South Korea","authors":"Youngsook Kim, Chang，Tai-Seok","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.48","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to test the effect of imagery training based on neurofeedback in elite archers of South Korea. Imagery training was provided to six elite archers, who imagined shooting three arrows in a set for a total of eight sessions. During imagery training, actual sounds recorded from an international archery Competition were played and Neurofeedback training was provided in a laboratory. In order to accurately measure EEG (Electroencephalogram), the archers were sufficiently rested, and the external environments were controlled before training began to prevent interference by artifacts. EEG was measured while the archers performed imagery training; real-time feedback was provided using vibrations when the waveform of beta waves was outside of the threshold determined for each archer. In addition, to test the effect of imagery training, scales assessing sports competitive state anxiety and sports imagery were administered before and after training, and pre-post changes were assessed. The results showed that in all archers, beta waves stabilized and vibration frequency decreased in post-measurement. Anxiety levels were reduced and imagery ability improved. Based on the findings, real-time neurofeedback training is believed to enhance athletes' self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74197292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.14
Yun-Mo Jeong
The aim of this study was to examine the structural relationships among sport participation motivation, psychological well-being, life satisfaction and revisit intention with an emphasis on exploring mediating effects of psychological well-being on the relationships among the research variables. Participants, who were members of a fitness center, completed surveys to assess these relationships. Results showed that sport participation motivation leads to psychological well-being and revisit intention, and psychological well-being is a critical factor in influencing life satisfaction and revisit intention. Moreover, the path from sport participation motivation and life satisfaction was fully mediated by psychological well-being, and the path from sport participation motivation and revisit intention was partially mediated by psychological well-being, which underlines the importance of mediation role of psychological well-being. These results imply that fitness managers should manage sport participation motivation and psychological well-being of customers.
{"title":"Exploring consumer behavior in fitness centers with an emphasis on mediating effects of psychological well-being","authors":"Yun-Mo Jeong","doi":"10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the structural relationships among sport participation motivation, psychological well-being, life satisfaction and revisit intention with an emphasis on exploring mediating effects of psychological well-being on the relationships among the research variables. Participants, who were members of a fitness center, completed surveys to assess these relationships. Results showed that sport participation motivation leads to psychological well-being and revisit intention, and psychological well-being is a critical factor in influencing life satisfaction and revisit intention. Moreover, the path from sport participation motivation and life satisfaction was fully mediated by psychological well-being, and the path from sport participation motivation and revisit intention was partially mediated by psychological well-being, which underlines the importance of mediation role of psychological well-being. These results imply that fitness managers should manage sport participation motivation and psychological well-being of customers.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74417743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.95
Daekyoo Kim, Kim, Seung Kyum
Foot arch structure contributes to walking in adults with obesity. However, little is known about the relationship between arch height and walking in these populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate if arch height affects gait characteristics among adults classified into three groups by body mass index (BMI). In this study, dynamic plantar pressure, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and lower-limb joint kinematics were collected from adults with normal weight (n=21), moderate obesity (n=18), and severe obesity (n=8) during walking at their preferred speed. Digital foot pressure data were used to compute a measure of arch height, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI). Our results revealed that adults with higher BMI scores had lower arches than adults with lower BMI scores (p<0.01). Arch height was related to step width, double-limb support time, knee joint extension angle, and knee joint abduction angle (ps<0.01). Our results have implications for improving gait stability and increasing physical activity for obese populations via intervening in arch height.
{"title":"Foot arch height affects the effect of BMI on gait and lower-limb joint kinematics","authors":"Daekyoo Kim, Kim, Seung Kyum","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"Foot arch structure contributes to walking in adults with obesity. However, little is known about the relationship between arch height and walking in these populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate if arch height affects gait characteristics among adults classified into three groups by body mass index (BMI). In this study, dynamic plantar pressure, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and lower-limb joint kinematics were collected from adults with normal weight (n=21), moderate obesity (n=18), and severe obesity (n=8) during walking at their preferred speed. Digital foot pressure data were used to compute a measure of arch height, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI). Our results revealed that adults with higher BMI scores had lower arches than adults with lower BMI scores (p<0.01). Arch height was related to step width, double-limb support time, knee joint extension angle, and knee joint abduction angle (ps<0.01). Our results have implications for improving gait stability and increasing physical activity for obese populations via intervening in arch height.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84735254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.66
Eun-Sook Sung
The objective of the present study was to assess muscle fibre composition by non-invasive methods for various sports events. 53 males of marathon (n=5), football (n=22), baseball (n=14), basketball (n=8) and tennis (n=4) athletes volunteered to participate in this study. The following 7 tests (overhead medicine ball throw, pull up, standing broad jump, sit up, shuttle run 10 x5, push up, vertical jump) are relatively easy to perform and to gather information about fibre composition through fitness levels. It can be used to assess the performance of strength using standard tables and to receive an indication of the degree of their share of fast (type II) and slow (type I) muscle fibres. For the study, a data analysis program in Microsoft Excel was used to view the mean and standard deviation of muscle fibre types. As a result, it was possible to speculate that the ratio of muscle fibre types differed according to the type of exercise. The results were obtained after sport motor tests of the mean value of muscle fibre composition by different sports events. Fibre type distribution remained with about 74.8% type 1 and 25.2% type 2 by marathoners, 43.8% type 1 and 53.2% type 2 by football athletes, 36.3% type 1 and 63.8% type 2 by baseball athletes, 46.6% type 1 and 53.5% type 2 by basketball athletes, and 40.0% type 1 and 60.0% type 2 by tennis athletes. Through these tests, the direction of the athletes’ muscle development can be considered, and it is possible to check the muscle fibre composition of elite athletes for the improvement of performance for each sport event. Moreover, it assumes that if this test is used for children, adolescents and young athletes, it will help to design scientific and effective training programs, thereby improving athletes’ ability to perform.
{"title":"Assessments of muscle fibre distribution by non-invasive methods","authors":"Eun-Sook Sung","doi":"10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.66","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to assess muscle fibre composition by non-invasive methods for various sports events. 53 males of marathon (n=5), football (n=22), baseball (n=14), basketball (n=8) and tennis (n=4) athletes volunteered to participate in this study. The following 7 tests (overhead medicine ball throw, pull up, standing broad jump, sit up, shuttle run 10 x5, push up, vertical jump) are relatively easy to perform and to gather information about fibre composition through fitness levels. It can be used to assess the performance of strength using standard tables and to receive an indication of the degree of their share of fast (type II) and slow (type I) muscle fibres. For the study, a data analysis program in Microsoft Excel was used to view the mean and standard deviation of muscle fibre types. As a result, it was possible to speculate that the ratio of muscle fibre types differed according to the type of exercise. The results were obtained after sport motor tests of the mean value of muscle fibre composition by different sports events. Fibre type distribution remained with about 74.8% type 1 and 25.2% type 2 by marathoners, 43.8% type 1 and 53.2% type 2 by football athletes, 36.3% type 1 and 63.8% type 2 by baseball athletes, 46.6% type 1 and 53.5% type 2 by basketball athletes, and 40.0% type 1 and 60.0% type 2 by tennis athletes. Through these tests, the direction of the athletes’ muscle development can be considered, and it is possible to check the muscle fibre composition of elite athletes for the improvement of performance for each sport event. Moreover, it assumes that if this test is used for children, adolescents and young athletes, it will help to design scientific and effective training programs, thereby improving athletes’ ability to perform.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.75
Woong Kwon, Seongkwan Cho
The study was to investigate the relationships between perfectionism (i.e., self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism) and psychological well-being (i.e., vitality)/ill-being (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion) and to examine the mediating effects of competitive state anxiety on the relationships. Three hundred two collegiate athletes participated in the study (Mage = 21.12yrs, SD = 1.28). The participants completed four questionnaires: Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, Subjective Vitality Scale, and Emotional/Physical Exhaustion from Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. The hypothesized model presented an acceptable fit to the data. Specifically, χ2 (80) = 179.99 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.965, SRMR = 0.042, and RMSEA = 0.052 with 90% CI [0.042, 0.062]. The results indicated that self-oriented perfectionism was negatively related to competitive state anxiety (β = -.14, p < .005) and positively related to vitality (β =.26, p < .001), whereas socially-prescribed perfectionism was positively related to competitive state anxiety (β =.28, p < .001) and emotional/physical exhaustion (β =.15, p < .05). Competitive state anxiety was negatively related to vitality (β = -.14, p < .05) and positively related to emotional/physical exhaustion (β =.31, p < .001). Competitive state anxiety partially mediated the relationships between socially-prescribed perfectionism and emotional/physical exhaustion. The full mediating effects of anxiety on the relationships between self-oriented perfectionism and emotional/physical exhaustion and between socially-prescribed perfectionism and vitality were observed. Findings supported that self-oriented perfectionism was functionally adaptive to and socially-prescribed perfectionism was maladaptive to athletes’ psychological well-/ill-being.
本研究旨在探讨完美主义(即自我导向型完美主义和社会规定型完美主义)与心理健康(即活力)/不健康(即情绪/身体疲惫)之间的关系，并考察竞争状态焦虑对两者关系的中介作用。研究对象为320名大学生运动员(年龄21.12岁，SD = 1.28)。参与者完成了四份问卷:多维完美主义量表、修订后的竞争状态焦虑量表-2、主观活力量表和运动员倦怠问卷中的情绪/身体疲惫量表。假设的模型与数据的拟合是可以接受的。其中，χ2 (80) = 179.99 (p < 0.001)， CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.965, SRMR = 0.042, RMSEA = 0.052, 90% CI[0.042, 0.062]。结果表明，自我导向型完美主义与竞争状态焦虑呈负相关(β = -)。14, p < .005)，并与活力呈正相关(β =。26, p < 0.001)，而社会规定的完美主义与竞争状态焦虑正相关(β =。28, p < .001)和情绪/身体疲惫(β =。15, p < 0.05)。竞争状态焦虑与活力呈负相关(β = -)。14, p < 0.05)，并与情绪/身体疲惫正相关(β =。31, p < 0.001)。竞争状态焦虑在社会规定完美主义与情绪/身体疲惫之间的关系中起部分中介作用。观察到焦虑在自我导向型完美主义与情绪/身体疲惫、社会规定性完美主义与活力之间的完全中介作用。结果表明，自我导向型完美主义对运动员的心理健康/不健康具有功能适应，而社会规定性完美主义对运动员的心理健康/不健康具有不适应。
{"title":"Associations among perfectionism, anxiety, and psychological well-being/ill-being in college athletes of South Korea","authors":"Woong Kwon, Seongkwan Cho","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to investigate the relationships between perfectionism (i.e., self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism) and psychological well-being (i.e., vitality)/ill-being (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion) and to examine the mediating effects of competitive state anxiety on the relationships. Three hundred two collegiate athletes participated in the study (Mage = 21.12yrs, SD = 1.28). The participants completed four questionnaires: Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, Subjective Vitality Scale, and Emotional/Physical Exhaustion from Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. The hypothesized model presented an acceptable fit to the data. Specifically, χ2 (80) = 179.99 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.965, SRMR = 0.042, and RMSEA = 0.052 with 90% CI [0.042, 0.062]. The results indicated that self-oriented perfectionism was negatively related to competitive state anxiety (β = -.14, p < .005) and positively related to vitality (β =.26, p < .001), whereas socially-prescribed perfectionism was positively related to competitive state anxiety (β =.28, p < .001) and emotional/physical exhaustion (β =.15, p < .05). Competitive state anxiety was negatively related to vitality (β = -.14, p < .05) and positively related to emotional/physical exhaustion (β =.31, p < .001). Competitive state anxiety partially mediated the relationships between socially-prescribed perfectionism and emotional/physical exhaustion. The full mediating effects of anxiety on the relationships between self-oriented perfectionism and emotional/physical exhaustion and between socially-prescribed perfectionism and vitality were observed. Findings supported that self-oriented perfectionism was functionally adaptive to and socially-prescribed perfectionism was maladaptive to athletes’ psychological well-/ill-being.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"1973 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87791403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.28
Minsoo Kim, Han Jin-Wook, oh seung wook
The purpose of the study was to explore public opinions and perceptions with regard to the Korean sport industry based on a big data analysis of social media content. Social big data was collected using ‘TextoM’, a big data analysis solution and ‘Naver’, an Internet portal service provider. In order to collect data, a total of 29 keywords were used such as sport industry, sport facilities, sport services, sport marketing, professional baseball, and sport manufacturing. Social analytics was used to analyze big data from social media content about the Korean sport industry. A total of 6,002,666 cases including document, web, blogs, and cafes (i.e., online community) with regards to the Korean sport industry were analyzed. Frequency analysis, keyword analysis through text-mining, sentiment analysis, semantic network analysis, and CONCOR network analysis were conducted. First, frequency analysis shows the volume of the Korean sport industry related searches stayed highly and increased. Second, keyword analysis through text mining was conducted to examine frequently used keywords in the sport industry. The analysis indicates four different categories of the Korean sport industry keywords such as sport games, sport goods, health, and sport policy. Third, sentiment analysis showed positive sentiment was found to have a greater weight than negative sentiment toward the sport industry. Fourth, semantic network analysis showed that the Korean sport industry connected with tourism, media, information, game, international, health, and culture. Last, the results of CONCOR analysis showed that the sport industry clearly divided into four different segments such as sport goods and equipment segment, sport facility segment, sport service segment, and professional sport segment. Results and findings are discussed and future research are suggested.
{"title":"Social big data analysis on demands for the Korean sport industry","authors":"Minsoo Kim, Han Jin-Wook, oh seung wook","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to explore public opinions and perceptions with regard to the Korean sport industry based on a big data analysis of social media content. Social big data was collected using ‘TextoM’, a big data analysis solution and ‘Naver’, an Internet portal service provider. In order to collect data, a total of 29 keywords were used such as sport industry, sport facilities, sport services, sport marketing, professional baseball, and sport manufacturing. Social analytics was used to analyze big data from social media content about the Korean sport industry. A total of 6,002,666 cases including document, web, blogs, and cafes (i.e., online community) with regards to the Korean sport industry were analyzed. Frequency analysis, keyword analysis through text-mining, sentiment analysis, semantic network analysis, and CONCOR network analysis were conducted. First, frequency analysis shows the volume of the Korean sport industry related searches stayed highly and increased. Second, keyword analysis through text mining was conducted to examine frequently used keywords in the sport industry. The analysis indicates four different categories of the Korean sport industry keywords such as sport games, sport goods, health, and sport policy. Third, sentiment analysis showed positive sentiment was found to have a greater weight than negative sentiment toward the sport industry. Fourth, semantic network analysis showed that the Korean sport industry connected with tourism, media, information, game, international, health, and culture. Last, the results of CONCOR analysis showed that the sport industry clearly divided into four different segments such as sport goods and equipment segment, sport facility segment, sport service segment, and professional sport segment. Results and findings are discussed and future research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.1
Helong Quan, C. K. Kim
Environmental and maternal exercise experienced even during the very earliest stages of life has the potential to cause developmental changes. The growing evidence demonstrated that diverse environmental stressors affect offspring in various aspects in early stage of life and can be transmitted directly or indirectly by both parental lines. The development of normobaric hypoxic environment facilities began in recent years after athletes born and trained at high altitude continued to update their records in sports competition, especially marathons and other endurance sports. Although a large number of studies have proved the effect of hypoxic training in the field of sports science and competition, the effectiveness of this training model on exercise performance/capacity and physiological variables is still controversial. Therefore, this study makes a brief review of the papers related to this scope and attempted to understand the potential mechanism of maternal exercise in hypoxic environment on exercise performance and reduction of metabolic risk factors.
{"title":"The effect of maternal exercise and altitude training on performance in hypoxic environment: a brief review","authors":"Helong Quan, C. K. Kim","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and maternal exercise experienced even during the very earliest stages of life has the potential to cause developmental changes. The growing evidence demonstrated that diverse environmental stressors affect offspring in various aspects in early stage of life and can be transmitted directly or indirectly by both parental lines. The development of normobaric hypoxic environment facilities began in recent years after athletes born and trained at high altitude continued to update their records in sports competition, especially marathons and other endurance sports. Although a large number of studies have proved the effect of hypoxic training in the field of sports science and competition, the effectiveness of this training model on exercise performance/capacity and physiological variables is still controversial. Therefore, this study makes a brief review of the papers related to this scope and attempted to understand the potential mechanism of maternal exercise in hypoxic environment on exercise performance and reduction of metabolic risk factors.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85221512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.24985/ijass.2020.32.1.100
Kayoung Kim
This study was to examine how different media images of female athletes’ impact women’s sports ticket sales for women’s sports spectatorship. This study interested in exploring the mechanism of buying a ticket for women’s sports event. The authors further analyzed what mechanism of women’s spectators’ intrigue to purchase the ticket for women’s sports event. As a theoretical framework, this study based on match-up hypothesis and associated learning theory to investigate spectators’ perceptions about female athletes’ presented media images on promoting their sport event ticket; this study explored (a) Fit: perceived appropriateness of the endorser (female athlete) with image type (athletic or sexy), and (b) Attitudes: how to fit impact on spectators’ attitude toward athlete and attitude toward sport separately, and (c) purchase intention to sport event. By adopting a 2×2 experiment design study, participants’ gender and image types manipulated. The participants (n = 113) were randomly assigned one of four conditions. The results indicated that the interaction between participants’ gender and image types was significant. Also, there was gender gap on women’s sports spectatorship in fit and attitude toward female athlete and women’s sport, and purchase intention to the sport event. The finding showed that male participants’ attitudes toward the athlete decreased more in response to the athletic image than the sexy image. Males preferred to see the sexy image while women do not want to see this type of image. Sports marketers need to know this perspective to sell their products and sporting event tickets. Thus, this study conclude that sex sells marketing does not promote women’s sports for either gender.
{"title":"The gender gap on women’s sports spectatorship","authors":"Kayoung Kim","doi":"10.24985/ijass.2020.32.1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2020.32.1.100","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to examine how different media images of female athletes’ impact women’s sports ticket sales for women’s sports spectatorship. This study interested in exploring the mechanism of buying a ticket for women’s sports event. The authors further analyzed what mechanism of women’s spectators’ intrigue to purchase the ticket for women’s sports event. As a theoretical framework, this study based on match-up hypothesis and associated learning theory to investigate spectators’ perceptions about female athletes’ presented media images on promoting their sport event ticket; this study explored (a) Fit: perceived appropriateness of the endorser (female athlete) with image type (athletic or sexy), and (b) Attitudes: how to fit impact on spectators’ attitude toward athlete and attitude toward sport separately, and (c) purchase intention to sport event. By adopting a 2×2 experiment design study, participants’ gender and image types manipulated. The participants (n = 113) were randomly assigned one of four conditions. The results indicated that the interaction between participants’ gender and image types was significant. Also, there was gender gap on women’s sports spectatorship in fit and attitude toward female athlete and women’s sport, and purchase intention to the sport event. The finding showed that male participants’ attitudes toward the athlete decreased more in response to the athletic image than the sexy image. Males preferred to see the sexy image while women do not want to see this type of image. Sports marketers need to know this perspective to sell their products and sporting event tickets. Thus, this study conclude that sex sells marketing does not promote women’s sports for either gender.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81031236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.1.37
Joon-ho Kang, Lim choong Hoon, Y. Suh, Alex C. Gang, P. Pedersen
The current study attempted to develop a web-based state aggression measurement program (WTCRTT) and examine its applicability in terms of validity and reliability by conducting laboratory experiments. A repeated experimental design was employed, where subjects were exposed to both violent and non-violent media content. A physiological measure was also included to test the internal validity of media stimulation. The results showed the WTCRTT is a valid measure of behavioral aggression as the hypotheses on construct validity and internal validity were supported. For instance, the WTRCTT after exposure to violent media was positively correlated to anger, physical aggression, and total trait aggression scores. The WCRTT that was developed and tested in this study can be used not only by the scholars interested in aggression research with no cost and but also by the parents who want to monitor their children’s state (i.e., behavioral) aggression.
{"title":"Establishing a web-based measurement of aggression (WTCRTT): Examining the validity of a modified Taylor’s competitive reaction time test","authors":"Joon-ho Kang, Lim choong Hoon, Y. Suh, Alex C. Gang, P. Pedersen","doi":"10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/IJASS.2020.32.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"The current study attempted to develop a web-based state aggression measurement program (WTCRTT) and examine its applicability in terms of validity and reliability by conducting laboratory experiments. A repeated experimental design was employed, where subjects were exposed to both violent and non-violent media content. A physiological measure was also included to test the internal validity of media stimulation. The results showed the WTCRTT is a valid measure of behavioral aggression as the hypotheses on construct validity and internal validity were supported. For instance, the WTRCTT after exposure to violent media was positively correlated to anger, physical aggression, and total trait aggression scores. The WCRTT that was developed and tested in this study can be used not only by the scholars interested in aggression research with no cost and but also by the parents who want to monitor their children’s state (i.e., behavioral) aggression.","PeriodicalId":93448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied sports sciences : IJASS","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86310472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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