Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100147
Claudia A. Ramírez-Valdespino , Marlyn Morales-García , Guillermo Herrera-Pérez , Yordan J. Romero-Contreras , Enrique García-Mireles , Joan Salas-Leiva , Susana González-Chávez , Socorro Tarango-Rivero , Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
Agriculture is constantly in the search for new alternatives to control phytopathogens and improvement of plant growth. One of its main strategies is the use of biocontrollers, among them, Trichoderma genus stand out for their versatility and broad spectrum phytopatogenic fungi attacked. On the other hand, nanotechnology is positioning itself as an alternative to the use of agrochemicals, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, including ZnO, TiO2 and CuO. Recently, it has been seen that when Trichoderma is put in contact with nanoparticles, it increases its biocontrol and biostimulant activity. Therefore, in this work we performed the characterization of a T. asperellum strain, which was capable to grow in different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles, obtaining that, at 200 ppm, Trichoderma showed no changes in growth and no apparent stress. Moreover, the strain developed a higher biocontrol activity against two Fusarium oxysporum strains, but decreases with F. fujikuroi, as well as changes in the expression of genes associated to biocontrol. Finally, an enhance in alfalfa growth is reported. These results suggest that, at the tested concentrations, CuO-NPs do not interfere with the biocontrol activity of T. asperellum, providing the basis for the development of a bionanoformulation to control F. oxysporum and promotes alfalfa growth.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles on the biocontrol activity and plant growth promotion of Trichoderma asperellum","authors":"Claudia A. Ramírez-Valdespino , Marlyn Morales-García , Guillermo Herrera-Pérez , Yordan J. Romero-Contreras , Enrique García-Mireles , Joan Salas-Leiva , Susana González-Chávez , Socorro Tarango-Rivero , Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture is constantly in the search for new alternatives to control phytopathogens and improvement of plant growth. One of its main strategies is the use of biocontrollers, among them, <em>Trichoderma</em> genus stand out for their versatility and broad spectrum phytopatogenic fungi attacked. On the other hand, nanotechnology is positioning itself as an alternative to the use of agrochemicals, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, including ZnO, TiO<sub>2</sub> and CuO. Recently, it has been seen that when <em>Trichoderma</em> is put in contact with nanoparticles, it increases its biocontrol and biostimulant activity. Therefore, in this work we performed the characterization of a <em>T. asperellum</em> strain, which was capable to grow in different concentrations of CuO nanoparticles, obtaining that, at 200 ppm, <em>Trichoderma</em> showed no changes in growth and no apparent stress. Moreover, the strain developed a higher biocontrol activity against two <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> strains, but decreases with <em>F. fujikuroi</em>, as well as changes in the expression of genes associated to biocontrol. Finally, an enhance in alfalfa growth is reported. These results suggest that, at the tested concentrations, CuO-NPs do not interfere with the biocontrol activity of <em>T. asperellum</em>, providing the basis for the development of a bionanoformulation to control <em>F. oxysporum</em> and promotes alfalfa growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155
Kai Yang , Guoqiang qin , RuoYong Jia , Haoqian Zhang , Qiangqiang Gan , Shao-You Lu , Jian-Jun Liu , Zhong-Ze Fang
Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.
{"title":"Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization","authors":"Kai Yang , Guoqiang qin , RuoYong Jia , Haoqian Zhang , Qiangqiang Gan , Shao-You Lu , Jian-Jun Liu , Zhong-Ze Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoplastics (NPs) are cause for increasing concern due to their ability to cross biological barriers, enhanced reactivity, and potentially greater toxicity than microplastics. However, their quantification in biological samples such as animal tissues remains challenging, primarily due to complex matrix interference and contamination risks. Reliable quantification of NPs in tissues is critical for understanding their bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and associated toxicological risks to animals, as well as their potential ecological risks. Here, we developed a simple yet robust method for quantifying polystyrene (PS) NPs in animal tissues using silica gel column chromatography coupled with pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Tissue samples were homogenized in dichloromethane (DCM) to extract and dissolve PS NPs in DCM and then subjected to alkaline digestion. The extract was subsequently purified using pre-heat-treated silica gel columns. The method showed high recovery rates (102.0 % and 91.2 % at 0.3 and 1.7 µg g⁻¹, respectively), with limits of detection and quantification of 3.0 ng and 7.8 ng, respectively. Validation with liver samples from Japanese quail orally exposed to 50 nm PS NPs revealed significantly elevated levels of PS NPs on Days 1 and 3 post-exposure (33.8 ± 1.5 and 34.1 ± 5.2 ng g⁻¹) compared to controls (13.2 ± 0.3 and 14.5 ± 2.0 ng g⁻¹) (p < 0.005). This method demonstrates effective removal of biological matrix components, enabling accurate and reproducible quantification of PS NPs in avian liver tissues. While the application to other biological samples will be explored in future studies, the method’s simplicity and minimal contamination make it a valuable tool for advancing risk assessments of NPs in biological systems.
{"title":"Development of a silica gel chromatography-based cleanup method for quantification of polystyrene nanoplastics in tissue samples via pyrolysis–GC/MS","authors":"Yurika Tokunaga , Kosuke Tanaka , Go Suzuki , Nami Shimizu , Yoshinori Ikenaka , Shouta M.M. Nakayama , Mayumi Ishizuka","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) are cause for increasing concern due to their ability to cross biological barriers, enhanced reactivity, and potentially greater toxicity than microplastics. However, their quantification in biological samples such as animal tissues remains challenging, primarily due to complex matrix interference and contamination risks. Reliable quantification of NPs in tissues is critical for understanding their bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and associated toxicological risks to animals, as well as their potential ecological risks. Here, we developed a simple yet robust method for quantifying polystyrene (PS) NPs in animal tissues using silica gel column chromatography coupled with pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Tissue samples were homogenized in dichloromethane (DCM) to extract and dissolve PS NPs in DCM and then subjected to alkaline digestion. The extract was subsequently purified using pre-heat-treated silica gel columns. The method showed high recovery rates (102.0 % and 91.2 % at 0.3 and 1.7 µg g⁻¹, respectively), with limits of detection and quantification of 3.0 ng and 7.8 ng, respectively. Validation with liver samples from Japanese quail orally exposed to 50 nm PS NPs revealed significantly elevated levels of PS NPs on Days 1 and 3 post-exposure (33.8 ± 1.5 and 34.1 ± 5.2 ng g⁻¹) compared to controls (13.2 ± 0.3 and 14.5 ± 2.0 ng g⁻¹) (p < 0.005). This method demonstrates effective removal of biological matrix components, enabling accurate and reproducible quantification of PS NPs in avian liver tissues. While the application to other biological samples will be explored in future studies, the method’s simplicity and minimal contamination make it a valuable tool for advancing risk assessments of NPs in biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100146
Yuequn Chen , Kusheng Wu , Wenlong Huang
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical known for its developmental toxicity. However, the impact of BPA on early embryonic development, particularly during zygotic genome activation (ZGA), remains underexplored. In this study, zebrafish embryos at 3.5 and 4.5 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were collected after 7-day parental exposure to 1.0 µM BPA for transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptomic data underwent differential gene expression functional enrichment and gene set enrichment analyses. Public single-cell transcriptome atlases of zebrafish embryos at different developmental stages (3.3, 4, and 4.8 hpf) were obtained to build signature matrices for digital cell type sorting of the bulk transcriptome using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. Results indicated that parental BPA exposure resulted in muted gene expression response, disturbed energy metabolism profile, and increased pro-inflammatory signatures during ZGA. Digital cell type deconvolution revealed altered cell composition, including deeper multilayer and enveloping layer cells and fewer margin cells. Furthermore, reductions in neural progenitor and heart primordium lineages, alongside expansions in primordial germ and mesendodermal lineages, potentially contribute to later-stage developmental abnormalities. This study elucidates the embryotoxic effects of BPA during the ZGA period, shedding light on the developmental perturbations from early-life exposure to this ubiquitous environmental contaminant.
{"title":"Parental BPA exposure disrupts offspring transcriptomic profiles and impairs embryonic lineage specification during zygotic genome activation","authors":"Yuequn Chen , Kusheng Wu , Wenlong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical known for its developmental toxicity. However, the impact of BPA on early embryonic development, particularly during zygotic genome activation (ZGA), remains underexplored. In this study, zebrafish embryos at 3.5 and 4.5 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were collected after 7-day parental exposure to 1.0 µM BPA for transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptomic data underwent differential gene expression functional enrichment and gene set enrichment analyses. Public single-cell transcriptome atlases of zebrafish embryos at different developmental stages (3.3, 4, and 4.8 hpf) were obtained to build signature matrices for digital cell type sorting of the bulk transcriptome using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. Results indicated that parental BPA exposure resulted in muted gene expression response, disturbed energy metabolism profile, and increased pro-inflammatory signatures during ZGA. Digital cell type deconvolution revealed altered cell composition, including deeper multilayer and enveloping layer cells and fewer margin cells. Furthermore, reductions in neural progenitor and heart primordium lineages, alongside expansions in primordial germ and mesendodermal lineages, potentially contribute to later-stage developmental abnormalities. This study elucidates the embryotoxic effects of BPA during the ZGA period, shedding light on the developmental perturbations from early-life exposure to this ubiquitous environmental contaminant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100161
Shu Wei Hsueh , Anya Callista Kurniadi , Tan S.M. Amelia , Chin-Fa Lee , Sebastian D. Fugmann , Shu Yuan Yang
Polylactic acid (PLA), the most popular bioplastic, has high sustainability potential as it is bio-sourced and also harbors biodegradability. A form of its biodegradability is via composting, and it was previously established that thermophilic temperatures are needed for PLA breakdown in composts. Here we report the development of composts that have overcome the high-temperature requirement for PLA composting. Our mesophilic composts exhibited clear PLA biodegradability, and this is due to specific biological activity enriched in our material. To investigate the nature of this mesophilic activity, we conducted metagenomics analysis to reveal the microbial composition and enzyme-coding potential associated with PLA biodegradation. These efforts revealed multiple enzyme subtypes with strong enrichment on PLA surfaces in our trained composts, and the top candidate was a type of hydro-lyase, an enzyme that can cleave ester bonds in the absence of water. Hydro-lyases represent a novel class of enzymes that could facilitate PLA degradation, and our results point to the model that the combinatorial action of multiple types of enzymes is what drives PLA biodegradation and how the temperature barrier for PLA composting is overcome.
{"title":"Mesophilic compostability of polylactic acid and the associated microbiome as revealed by metagenomics","authors":"Shu Wei Hsueh , Anya Callista Kurniadi , Tan S.M. Amelia , Chin-Fa Lee , Sebastian D. Fugmann , Shu Yuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA), the most popular bioplastic, has high sustainability potential as it is bio-sourced and also harbors biodegradability. A form of its biodegradability is via composting, and it was previously established that thermophilic temperatures are needed for PLA breakdown in composts. Here we report the development of composts that have overcome the high-temperature requirement for PLA composting. Our mesophilic composts exhibited clear PLA biodegradability, and this is due to specific biological activity enriched in our material. To investigate the nature of this mesophilic activity, we conducted metagenomics analysis to reveal the microbial composition and enzyme-coding potential associated with PLA biodegradation. These efforts revealed multiple enzyme subtypes with strong enrichment on PLA surfaces in our trained composts, and the top candidate was a type of hydro-lyase, an enzyme that can cleave ester bonds in the absence of water. Hydro-lyases represent a novel class of enzymes that could facilitate PLA degradation, and our results point to the model that the combinatorial action of multiple types of enzymes is what drives PLA biodegradation and how the temperature barrier for PLA composting is overcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100137
Phong K. Thai , Jeffrey T. McDonough , Trent A. Key , Anita Thapalia , Scott Porman , Pritesh Prasad , Stephanie Fiorenza , Hirozumi Watanabe , Craig M. Barnes , Jochen F. Mueller
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) retained within hardscape have been observed to leach over time in numerous laboratory studies. The aim of this study was to measure the release of key PFAS in rainfall runoff from a concrete pad impacted by historical AFFF use at the field-scale. Rainfall simulations were conducted on a 5 m2 (1 ×5 m) plot for 3 consecutive days. Runoff water was collected every 2 minutes and analyzed for 5 PFAS commonly associated with AFFF. Surface samples of the concrete were collected from the plot after the rainfall runoff experiment. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exhibited the highest concentrations within the concrete (up to ∼4000 μg kg−1) and runoff water (up to 500 μg L−1), followed by 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS). PFAS concentrations in runoff water were higher in the first sample and then decreased in the consecutive samples of each rainfall simulation. It is estimated that the percentage of the total PFAS mass within the surface of the concrete contributing to runoff samples ranged from 0.006 % (PFOS) to 0.031 % (PFHxA) per rainfall event. This suggests low but sustained PFAS leaching from AFFF-impacted concrete into runoff water. Our findings confirmed that concrete impacted by legacy use of AFFF is a likely secondary source of PFAS in runoff water and highlight some similarities and differences between laboratory- and field-scale rainfall simulations.
{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in rainfall runoff from an AFFF-impacted concrete pad: A field simulation study","authors":"Phong K. Thai , Jeffrey T. McDonough , Trent A. Key , Anita Thapalia , Scott Porman , Pritesh Prasad , Stephanie Fiorenza , Hirozumi Watanabe , Craig M. Barnes , Jochen F. Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) retained within hardscape have been observed to leach over time in numerous laboratory studies. The aim of this study was to measure the release of key PFAS in rainfall runoff from a concrete pad impacted by historical AFFF use at the field-scale. Rainfall simulations were conducted on a 5 m<sup>2</sup> (1 ×5 m) plot for 3 consecutive days. Runoff water was collected every 2 minutes and analyzed for 5 PFAS commonly associated with AFFF. Surface samples of the concrete were collected from the plot after the rainfall runoff experiment. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exhibited the highest concentrations within the concrete (up to ∼4000 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and runoff water (up to 500 μg L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS). PFAS concentrations in runoff water were higher in the first sample and then decreased in the consecutive samples of each rainfall simulation. It is estimated that the percentage of the total PFAS mass within the surface of the concrete contributing to runoff samples ranged from 0.006 % (PFOS) to 0.031 % (PFHxA) per rainfall event. This suggests low but sustained PFAS leaching from AFFF-impacted concrete into runoff water. Our findings confirmed that concrete impacted by legacy use of AFFF is a likely secondary source of PFAS in runoff water and highlight some similarities and differences between laboratory- and field-scale rainfall simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A monitoring of organic contaminants in the muscles of the Procambarus clarkii and environmental samples of water and sediment was conducted in three Sicilian wetlands (Italy). The substances investigated in the biological samples were per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), pesticides, antibiotics, and microcystins (MCs), all of which were below the detection limit. Given that the Louisiana red swamp crayfish is considered a bioaccumulator, the results of this study indicate that these environments are not significantly contaminated by the selected pollutants. Furthermore, the study suggests the potential uses of the edible portions of this alien species. Despite P. clarkii cannot be marketed in several countries, including Italy, it is possible that the animal biomass obtained in the frame of the monitoring, control and eradication activities carried out by local authorities, could be exploited for various purposes, such as food, feed and biotechnology. This would reduce the costs associated with disposal and make these activities more sustainable in the long term, thereby contributing to the preservation of ecosystems that are currently threatened by this invasive species.
{"title":"No traces of emerging and priority organic pollutants in the muscles of Procambarus clarkii suggest the feasibility of its regulated and sustainable control from uncontaminated environments","authors":"Dario Savoca , Vincenzo Arizza , Gaetano Cammilleri , Leonardo Cerasino , Antonella Maccotta , Federico Marrone , Licia Pantano , Nico Salmaso , Francesco Paolo Faraone","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A monitoring of organic contaminants in the muscles of the <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> and environmental samples of water and sediment was conducted in three Sicilian wetlands (Italy). The substances investigated in the biological samples were per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), pesticides, antibiotics, and microcystins (MCs), all of which were below the detection limit. Given that the Louisiana red swamp crayfish is considered a bioaccumulator, the results of this study indicate that these environments are not significantly contaminated by the selected pollutants. Furthermore, the study suggests the potential uses of the edible portions of this alien species. Despite <em>P. clarkii</em> cannot be marketed in several countries, including Italy, it is possible that the animal biomass obtained in the frame of the monitoring, control and eradication activities carried out by local authorities, could be exploited for various purposes, such as food, feed and biotechnology. This would reduce the costs associated with disposal and make these activities more sustainable in the long term, thereby contributing to the preservation of ecosystems that are currently threatened by this invasive species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks among the most extensively produced bioplastics, raising waste management concerns globally. This study explored dual pretreatment strategies, specifically photolysis by Ultraviolet-C (UVC) and hydrolysis by subcritical water extraction (SWE), for PLA waste treatment. UVC irradiation reduced the mechanical strength and viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of PLA, but the effects were more significant in thin PLA films than in thick PLA beverage cups. Thus, the PLA cups were selected for SWE treatment, which reduced their Mv from 190,000 to 5300. The pulverized SWE-treated PLA was later used for inducing protease and esterase in PLA-degrading bacterial consortium EAc. This active inoculum was applied as a bioaugmentation agent in a food composter for degrading UVC-treated PLA cups with food waste. PLA weight loss in the bioaugmented food composter (42 %) after 56 days was greater than the naturally attenuated composter (1 %). The residual PLA in the final bioaugmented compost had a relatively smaller size and lower Mv with prominent surface erosion. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that the bioaugmentation promoted bacterial diversity and community interactions. Conclusively, PLA waste can be treated by UVC irradiation followed by composting with food waste using an active EAc inoculum.
{"title":"A dual approach using UV irradiation and subcritical water extraction for enhanced PLA waste degradation in a bioaugmented food composter","authors":"Christian Adi Pratama , Avnish Nitin Mistry , Saowaluk Krainara , Patamavadee Treeson , Nattapong Tuntiwiwattanapun , Nichakorn Khondee , Luthfia Dwi Rachmani , Ekawan Luepromchai","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks among the most extensively produced bioplastics, raising waste management concerns globally. This study explored dual pretreatment strategies, specifically photolysis by Ultraviolet-C (UVC) and hydrolysis by subcritical water extraction (SWE), for PLA waste treatment. UVC irradiation reduced the mechanical strength and viscosity average molecular weight (M<em>v</em>) of PLA, but the effects were more significant in thin PLA films than in thick PLA beverage cups. Thus, the PLA cups were selected for SWE treatment, which reduced their M<em>v</em> from 190,000 to 5300. The pulverized SWE-treated PLA was later used for inducing protease and esterase in PLA-degrading bacterial consortium EAc. This active inoculum was applied as a bioaugmentation agent in a food composter for degrading UVC-treated PLA cups with food waste. PLA weight loss in the bioaugmented food composter (42 %) after 56 days was greater than the naturally attenuated composter (1 %). The residual PLA in the final bioaugmented compost had a relatively smaller size and lower M<em>v</em> with prominent surface erosion. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that the bioaugmentation promoted bacterial diversity and community interactions. Conclusively, PLA waste can be treated by UVC irradiation followed by composting with food waste using an active EAc inoculum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100165
Liang Zhao , Junjie Zhang , Shivani Kubendraraj , Susana Villa Gonzalez , Murat V. Ardelan , K. Avarachen Mathew , Emmanuel Ansah , Millicent Kwawu , Christopher Gordon , Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos , Bo Yuan
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) research in developing countries has largely focused on imported sources such as e-waste, but contributions from local land-use activities remain poorly understood. This study selected Ghana as a model to investigate PFAS contamination in sediments from riverine ecosystems across four land-use types: mining, municipal & electronic waste, and agriculture. In addition to conventional target analysis, we refined the direct total oxidizable precursor (dTOP) assay by applying direct oxidation to sediments, with the highest PFAS yields achieved using an eightfold increase in oxidizing agents. Target PFAS concentrations were relatively low, likely reflecting the impact of global regulations, but post-dTOP concentrations increased by 239–65,400 % across all sites, ranging from 0.603 to 476 ng/g. Over 99 % of detected PFAS were attributed to previously untargeted precursors, emphasizing the iceberg nature of PFAS contamination, where routine methods capture only a small visible fraction. Mining and agricultural areas showed higher PFAS levels than the e-waste zone, suggesting that locally driven sources are dominant contributors. The tailored dTOP approach proved essential in revealing these hidden PFAS burdens, highlighting the need for broader monitoring frameworks to inform environmental risk assessment and sustainable land-use management in developing regions.
{"title":"Substantially underestimated PFAS pollution in diverse Ghana’s land-use types revealed by a refined TOP assay","authors":"Liang Zhao , Junjie Zhang , Shivani Kubendraraj , Susana Villa Gonzalez , Murat V. Ardelan , K. Avarachen Mathew , Emmanuel Ansah , Millicent Kwawu , Christopher Gordon , Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos , Bo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) research in developing countries has largely focused on imported sources such as e-waste, but contributions from local land-use activities remain poorly understood. This study selected Ghana as a model to investigate PFAS contamination in sediments from riverine ecosystems across four land-use types: mining, municipal & electronic waste, and agriculture. In addition to conventional target analysis, we refined the direct total oxidizable precursor (dTOP) assay by applying direct oxidation to sediments, with the highest PFAS yields achieved using an eightfold increase in oxidizing agents. Target PFAS concentrations were relatively low, likely reflecting the impact of global regulations, but post-dTOP concentrations increased by 239–65,400 % across all sites, ranging from 0.603 to 476 ng/g. Over 99 % of detected PFAS were attributed to previously untargeted precursors, emphasizing the iceberg nature of PFAS contamination, where routine methods capture only a small visible fraction. Mining and agricultural areas showed higher PFAS levels than the e-waste zone, suggesting that locally driven sources are dominant contributors. The tailored dTOP approach proved essential in revealing these hidden PFAS burdens, highlighting the need for broader monitoring frameworks to inform environmental risk assessment and sustainable land-use management in developing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100158
Johanna Freilinger , Jan O. Back , Raphael Plangger , Herwig Schottenberger , Christian W. Huck , Marco Rupprich , Rania Bakry
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants for which authorities worldwide have imposed limits on drinking water, groundwater and surface water. This has created challenges in PFAS detection, leading to an urgent need for reliable and selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials for PFAS analysis. In addressing this demand, we have tailored highly crosslinked copolymers containing 3-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)-1-vinylimidazolium chloride as a comonomer with ethylene dimethacrylate in various molar ratios. For ionic fluorosurfactants, these copolymers feature a dual binding mechanism that synergistically combines fluorophilic interactions and electrostatic attraction, enhancing selectivity and efficiency. The adsorption behavior of short- and long-chain PFAS and their recoveries were evaluated and compared to commercial SPE cartridges. Characterization revealed the highest ion-exchange capacity (412.7 ± 22 µeq g−1) for a monomer-to-crosslinker ratio of 2:1. The dynamic adsorption capacities for various PFAS ranged from 15.2 to 306 g−1. Recovery experiments consistently demonstrated high PFAS recoveries (98.8–121.6 %), while enrichment studies from wastewater confirmed its robustness in complex environmental matrices (recoveries: 90.8–99.2 %). Additionally, reusability experiments showed consistent recoveries over five cycles (recoveries: 90.34–108.0 %). The findings underscore the potential of this innovative polyelectrolyte as a selective, regenerable, and efficient alternative to conventional SPE materials, qualifying it as a superior candidate for PFAS analysis.
{"title":"Development of a fluorophilic ion-exchange material with dual binding mechanism for solid-phase extraction of PFAS","authors":"Johanna Freilinger , Jan O. Back , Raphael Plangger , Herwig Schottenberger , Christian W. Huck , Marco Rupprich , Rania Bakry","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants for which authorities worldwide have imposed limits on drinking water, groundwater and surface water. This has created challenges in PFAS detection, leading to an urgent need for reliable and selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials for PFAS analysis. In addressing this demand, we have tailored highly crosslinked copolymers containing 3-(1<em>H</em>,1<em>H</em>,2<em>H</em>,2<em>H</em>-perfluorooctyl)-1-vinylimidazolium chloride as a comonomer with ethylene dimethacrylate in various molar ratios. For ionic fluorosurfactants, these copolymers feature a dual binding mechanism that synergistically combines fluorophilic interactions and electrostatic attraction, enhancing selectivity and efficiency. The adsorption behavior of short- and long-chain PFAS and their recoveries were evaluated and compared to commercial SPE cartridges. Characterization revealed the highest ion-exchange capacity (412.7 ± 22 µeq g<sup>−1</sup>) for a monomer-to-crosslinker ratio of 2:1. The dynamic adsorption capacities for various PFAS ranged from 15.2 to 306 g<sup>−1</sup>. Recovery experiments consistently demonstrated high PFAS recoveries (98.8–121.6 %), while enrichment studies from wastewater confirmed its robustness in complex environmental matrices (recoveries: 90.8–99.2 %). Additionally, reusability experiments showed consistent recoveries over five cycles (recoveries: 90.34–108.0 %). The findings underscore the potential of this innovative polyelectrolyte as a selective, regenerable, and efficient alternative to conventional SPE materials, qualifying it as a superior candidate for PFAS analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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