Oxygen-active disinfectants are widely used for nonspecific prevention of infectious diseases: hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, potassium fluoride peroxohydrate, perborates, persulfates, perphosphates, percarbonates. These compounds have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), viruses, fungi and spores of bacilli. The primary "target" of exposure to oxygen-containing disinfectants in bacterial cells are proteins and lipids of cytoplasmic membranes, and in bacterial spores - proteins and lipids of spore membranes. When exposed to hydrogen peroxide on a bacterial cell at the stage of contact with the cytoplasmic membrane, hydrogen peroxide decomposes into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which have a destructive effect on the membranes. Hydroxyl radicals are powerful oxidizing agents, have a short period of existence, interact with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Oxidation of lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, leads to an increase in membrane permeability. During the oxidation of membrane proteins consisting of amino acids with disulfide bonds, the latter are converted into SH-radical, as a result of which cross-links are formed at amino groups, protein-lipid complexes are formed; proteins are oxidized and denatured, which leads to cell death. Not only hydroxyl radicals have a damaging effect, but also other intermediate products of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: hydronium cation - H3O +; perhydroxylanion - HO2-.
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN-ACTIVE DISINFECTANTS","authors":"T. Suranova","doi":"10.17816/eid237986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid237986","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen-active disinfectants are widely used for nonspecific prevention of infectious diseases: hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, potassium fluoride peroxohydrate, perborates, persulfates, perphosphates, percarbonates. These compounds have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), viruses, fungi and spores of bacilli. The primary \"target\" of exposure to oxygen-containing disinfectants in bacterial cells are proteins and lipids of cytoplasmic membranes, and in bacterial spores - proteins and lipids of spore membranes. When exposed to hydrogen peroxide on a bacterial cell at the stage of contact with the cytoplasmic membrane, hydrogen peroxide decomposes into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which have a destructive effect on the membranes. Hydroxyl radicals are powerful oxidizing agents, have a short period of existence, interact with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Oxidation of lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, leads to an increase in membrane permeability. During the oxidation of membrane proteins consisting of amino acids with disulfide bonds, the latter are converted into SH-radical, as a result of which cross-links are formed at amino groups, protein-lipid complexes are formed; proteins are oxidized and denatured, which leads to cell death. Not only hydroxyl radicals have a damaging effect, but also other intermediate products of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: hydronium cation - H3O +; perhydroxylanion - HO2-.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87080272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rationale: The epidemic process of COVID-19 in accordance with the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems undergoes changes as SARS-CoV-2 evolves, both in the general population and in healthcare workers. The study of the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations at various stages of the pandemic is an important area of scientific research at this stage, which allows for prompt adjustment of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The purpose of the study is to consider the epidemic process of COVID-19 in medical organizations in the context of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems and to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, as well as the effectiveness of individual anti-epidemic measures at different stages of the pandemic. Methods: Report forms "General information on patients with positive COVID-19, General information on patients with community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19 (497 units of information), 2176 epidemiological investigation cards of COVID-19 cases. The work used epidemiological and statistical methods of research. Results: When studying the incidence of NCVI among workers of the Moscow Region in the reservation phase, compared with the phase of the epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, lower levels of the incidence of COVID-19 and the proportion of severe clinical forms of this infection were established. At the same time, a high frequency of repeated cases of COVID-19, as well as cases of the disease among those vaccinated against this infection, was registered during the epidemic spread phase. Among those influencing the development of the epidemic process, violations were established in the organization of anti-epidemic measures, as well as the provision of working space for employees of the Ministry of Defense. The change in the heterogeneous population of workers in the MO due to the growth of immunity tension changed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic process of COVID-19. The effectiveness of specific prevention was assessed. Conclusion: The study confirms the correctness of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems of V.D. Belyakov, regarding the epidemic process of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, incl. the presence of successive phases of the epidemic process, the impact on it of the heterogeneity of the pathogen and host populations, as well as individual social factors, vaccination against COVID-19 of the population .
{"title":"The epidemic process of a new coronavirus infection among medical workers in the context of V.D. Belyakov's theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems","authors":"E. Sisin","doi":"10.17816/eid112266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid112266","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: The epidemic process of COVID-19 in accordance with the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems undergoes changes as SARS-CoV-2 evolves, both in the general population and in healthcare workers. The study of the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations at various stages of the pandemic is an important area of scientific research at this stage, which allows for prompt adjustment of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The purpose of the study is to consider the epidemic process of COVID-19 in medical organizations in the context of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems and to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, as well as the effectiveness of individual anti-epidemic measures at different stages of the pandemic. Methods: Report forms \"General information on patients with positive COVID-19, General information on patients with community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19 (497 units of information), 2176 epidemiological investigation cards of COVID-19 cases. The work used epidemiological and statistical methods of research. Results: When studying the incidence of NCVI among workers of the Moscow Region in the reservation phase, compared with the phase of the epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, lower levels of the incidence of COVID-19 and the proportion of severe clinical forms of this infection were established. At the same time, a high frequency of repeated cases of COVID-19, as well as cases of the disease among those vaccinated against this infection, was registered during the epidemic spread phase. Among those influencing the development of the epidemic process, violations were established in the organization of anti-epidemic measures, as well as the provision of working space for employees of the Ministry of Defense. The change in the heterogeneous population of workers in the MO due to the growth of immunity tension changed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic process of COVID-19. The effectiveness of specific prevention was assessed. Conclusion: The study confirms the correctness of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems of V.D. Belyakov, regarding the epidemic process of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, incl. the presence of successive phases of the epidemic process, the impact on it of the heterogeneity of the pathogen and host populations, as well as individual social factors, vaccination against COVID-19 of the population .","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88863029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510294
Scott Godfred Yawson, Chinelo Noble Princess, Dauda Zakariya'u, Immanuel Azubuike
West Africa has a high endemicity of chronic hepatitis B, which causes liver cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and chronic liver disease, all of which put a severe strain on the region's already crippled healthcare system. This disease kills nearly 200,000 people in West Africa each year. As a result, finding a cure is critical. Several scientists have developed potential treatments for this disease over the years. However, the majority of them have failed. In this paper, we shed more light on immunomodulators and combination therapy, two treatments that have shown promise in putting an end to this disease. We compared them to other modes of treatment currently available and explained why they are the best cure for chronic hepatitis B. We also encouraged the scientific community to conduct more research in this area so that better results can be realized as soon as
{"title":"Increasing Cases of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in West Africa: Is Combination Therapy and Immunomodulators the Best Cure?","authors":"Scott Godfred Yawson, Chinelo Noble Princess, Dauda Zakariya'u, Immanuel Azubuike","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510294","url":null,"abstract":"West Africa has a high endemicity of chronic hepatitis B, which causes liver cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and chronic liver disease, all of which put a severe strain on the region's already crippled healthcare system. This disease kills nearly 200,000 people in West Africa each year. As a result, finding a cure is critical. Several scientists have developed potential treatments for this disease over the years. However, the majority of them have failed. In this paper, we shed more light on immunomodulators and combination therapy, two treatments that have shown promise in putting an end to this disease. We compared them to other modes of treatment currently available and explained why they are the best cure for chronic hepatitis B. We also encouraged the scientific community to conduct more research in this area so that better results can be realized as soon as","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, any decrease in population immunity to vaccine-preventable infections due to low vaccination coverage can lead to unpredictable consequences. Objective. Comprehensive assessment of the situation on vaccine prevention of tuberculosis among the population of the subordinate territory of the children's polyclinic and the search for resources to increase the rates of vaccination of young children. Materials and methods. For the analysis, electronic medical records of patients born between 01.01.2020 and 31.12.2022 were used, forms 063/y, newborn registers, dispensary registers for children at risk for tuberculosis. We used epidemiological and statistical methods of analysis. Results. In 2020-2021 due to early discharge from the maternity hospital, there was a decrease in the proportion of newborns vaccinated against tuberculosis (TB) and viral hepatitis B (HBV). As a result, the number of those who were not vaccinated against these infections at the time of admission under the supervision of a children's clinic was 24% and 27%, respectively. The lack of vaccinations on schedule later affected the timeliness of vaccinations against other infections provided for by the National Immunization Schedule (NCV). As a result, by 12 months of age, vaccination coverage against TB was 82%, against HBV - 82%, and an additional 13% of children had an incomplete course, which required urgent measures. Conclusion. Violation of the calendar terms of vaccinations at the stage of the maternity hospital will certainly entail difficulties in complying with the NCIP at the outpatient stage. It is not enough to fight against the anti-vaccination movement, it is equally important to change processes and improve the quality of medical education, patient awareness and legal certainty on both sides.
{"title":"Vaccination of tuberculosis in newborns as a vector for the implementation of the National Immunization Calendar.","authors":"Viktoria A. Minaeva, A. .. Golubkova","doi":"10.17816/eid111867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid111867","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, any decrease in population immunity to vaccine-preventable infections due to low vaccination coverage can lead to unpredictable consequences. \u0000Objective. Comprehensive assessment of the situation on vaccine prevention of tuberculosis among the population of the subordinate territory of the children's polyclinic and the search for resources to increase the rates of vaccination of young children. \u0000Materials and methods. For the analysis, electronic medical records of patients born between 01.01.2020 and 31.12.2022 were used, forms 063/y, newborn registers, dispensary registers for children at risk for tuberculosis. We used epidemiological and statistical methods of analysis. \u0000Results. In 2020-2021 due to early discharge from the maternity hospital, there was a decrease in the proportion of newborns vaccinated against tuberculosis (TB) and viral hepatitis B (HBV). As a result, the number of those who were not vaccinated against these infections at the time of admission under the supervision of a children's clinic was 24% and 27%, respectively. The lack of vaccinations on schedule later affected the timeliness of vaccinations against other infections provided for by the National Immunization Schedule (NCV). As a result, by 12 months of age, vaccination coverage against TB was 82%, against HBV - 82%, and an additional 13% of children had an incomplete course, which required urgent measures. \u0000Conclusion. Violation of the calendar terms of vaccinations at the stage of the maternity hospital will certainly entail difficulties in complying with the NCIP at the outpatient stage. It is not enough to fight against the anti-vaccination movement, it is equally important to change processes and improve the quality of medical education, patient awareness and legal certainty on both sides.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85323819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zh. G. Eremeeva, I. K. Minullin, E. Bogdanova, I. R. Iskandarov, Elvira Safina
BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, preventive measures aimed at combating the spread of the pathogen, preventing the development of severe forms of infection and deaths have been improved. Despite the absence of a legally established generally accepted post-vaccination protective value of antibodies to coronavirus, the study of the presence of antibodies and the determination of their amount in the blood serum of the vaccinated population continues. AIM: The aim of the study is to present the results of the study of humoral immunity to SARS COV-2 in medical organizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved employees of medical organizations of the State Autonomous Health Institution "Republican Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Professor A.G. Ge" in Kazan and the State Autonomous Health Institution "City Polyclinic No. 3" in Naberezhnye Chelny in the number of 393 people who were vaccinated with the two-component vaccine GamCovidVac (Sputnik V), after which a sufficient amount of time has passed for the formation of an immune response: more than 21 days. The blood sera of 393 people (including 350 women) were examined for the determination of specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 by enzyme immunoassay using the Vector-Best kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.8.8 (developer - Stattech LLC, Russia). RESULTS: The median of the age of the subjects was 47 years (Q1 - Q3:39-59). The mean antibody titer level was 570 BAU/ml (Q1 Q3:128-1150). A correlation analysis of the relationship between titer levels and age at the time of vaccination was performed, according to the results of which a weak direct relationship was established, and when assessing the dependence of antibody titer levels on the duration of vaccination after the second component at the time of checking the titers, there was no connection. CONCLUSIONS: The ongoing pandemic of a new coronavirus infection with the emergence of new forms of the disease caused by other strains of the virus, the improvement of prevention methods, requires constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation with the study of the effectiveness of vaccines, including at the cellular level.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY TO SARS-COV AMONG EMPLOYEES OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"Zh. G. Eremeeva, I. K. Minullin, E. Bogdanova, I. R. Iskandarov, Elvira Safina","doi":"10.17816/eid133716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid133716","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, preventive measures aimed at combating the spread of the pathogen, preventing the development of severe forms of infection and deaths have been improved. Despite the absence of a legally established generally accepted post-vaccination protective value of antibodies to coronavirus, the study of the presence of antibodies and the determination of their amount in the blood serum of the vaccinated population continues. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study is to present the results of the study of humoral immunity to SARS COV-2 in medical organizations. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved employees of medical organizations of the State Autonomous Health Institution \"Republican Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Professor A.G. Ge\" in Kazan and the State Autonomous Health Institution \"City Polyclinic No. 3\" in Naberezhnye Chelny in the number of 393 people who were vaccinated with the two-component vaccine GamCovidVac (Sputnik V), after which a sufficient amount of time has passed for the formation of an immune response: more than 21 days. The blood sera of 393 people (including 350 women) were examined for the determination of specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 by enzyme immunoassay using the Vector-Best kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.8.8 (developer - Stattech LLC, Russia). \u0000RESULTS: \u0000The median of the age of the subjects was 47 years (Q1 - Q3:39-59). The mean antibody titer level was 570 BAU/ml (Q1 Q3:128-1150). A correlation analysis of the relationship between titer levels and age at the time of vaccination was performed, according to the results of which a weak direct relationship was established, and when assessing the dependence of antibody titer levels on the duration of vaccination after the second component at the time of checking the titers, there was no connection. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: \u0000The ongoing pandemic of a new coronavirus infection with the emergence of new forms of the disease caused by other strains of the virus, the improvement of prevention methods, requires constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation with the study of the effectiveness of vaccines, including at the cellular level.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84119667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botulinum neurotoxin (BnT) is the most potent of all the poisons known to the world. Over the past two centuries, its structure and functions have been studied in detail, it is obtained in its pure form. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of BnT has determined two directions of its possible use: negative, as a biological (toxin) weapon, and positive - as a drug that eliminates pathological muscle hypertonicity, neuropathic pain and can be used for aesthetic purposes ("beauty injections"). The lecture gives a chronology of the development of both directions and a detailed analysis of the medical use of BnT both therapeutically and cosmetically. Particular attention is paid to the side effects of botulinum therapy and ways to overcome them.
{"title":"Botulinum neurotoxin: both poison and medicine. Botulinum therapy and iatrogenic botulism","authors":"V. Nikiforov","doi":"10.17816/eid192525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid192525","url":null,"abstract":"Botulinum neurotoxin (BnT) is the most potent of all the poisons known to the world. Over the past two centuries, its structure and functions have been studied in detail, it is obtained in its pure form. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of BnT has determined two directions of its possible use: negative, as a biological (toxin) weapon, and positive - as a drug that eliminates pathological muscle hypertonicity, neuropathic pain and can be used for aesthetic purposes (\"beauty injections\"). The lecture gives a chronology of the development of both directions and a detailed analysis of the medical use of BnT both therapeutically and cosmetically. Particular attention is paid to the side effects of botulinum therapy and ways to overcome them.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Avdeeva, D. Moshkova, Lyudmila P. Blazhnyaya, Yelena V. Kozyreva
Aim of the study was to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms of the infectious and inflammatory process in the erythemal form of acute ITB based on the study of the activity of lysosomal enzymes of lymphocytes, the level of IL-2 and the clinical manifestations of the disease. Methods: The main group is represented by 609 patients hospitalized at the Krasnodar City Clinical Hospital for the period 20102019. The study group consisted of 45 patients with erythemal form of acute ITB. In the dynamics of the disease, the level of IL-2 and the cytochemical activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and nonspecific alpha-naphthyl esterase (-NAE) of lymphocytes were determined. Results: during the height of ITB, a decrease in the cytochemical activity of hydrolytic enzymes of lymphocytes was noted in comparison with the control group. IL-2 levels had a high dispersion and were associated with the clinical manifestations of the disease. A low level of IL-2 correlated with a decrease in the activity of -NAE lymphocytes. During the period of convalescence, there was a restoration of the enzymatic activity of lymphocytes, an increase in the number of cells with a pronounced activity of -NAE, typical of T-lymphocytes with killer activity. Conclusion: The hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomes of CP and -NAE lymphocytes make it possible to judge the intensity of intracellular metabolic processes and, in combination with the clinical symptoms of the disease and the activity of IL-2, are an indicator of the state of the immune process, supplementing the results of traditional immunological studies in patients with the erythema form of acute ixodid tick-borne borreliosis. The predominance of enzymatically inactive forms of T-lymphocytes in the acute period of the disease reflects a certain deficiency of the T-cell immunity.
{"title":"LYMPHOCYTE ENZYMES AS AN INDICATOR OF IMMUNE RESPONSE ACTIVITY IN IXODID TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSIS","authors":"M. Avdeeva, D. Moshkova, Lyudmila P. Blazhnyaya, Yelena V. Kozyreva","doi":"10.17816/eid121351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid121351","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study was to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms of the infectious and inflammatory process in the erythemal form of acute ITB based on the study of the activity of lysosomal enzymes of lymphocytes, the level of IL-2 and the clinical manifestations of the disease. \u0000Methods: The main group is represented by 609 patients hospitalized at the Krasnodar City Clinical Hospital for the period 20102019. The study group consisted of 45 patients with erythemal form of acute ITB. In the dynamics of the disease, the level of IL-2 and the cytochemical activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and nonspecific alpha-naphthyl esterase (-NAE) of lymphocytes were determined. \u0000Results: during the height of ITB, a decrease in the cytochemical activity of hydrolytic enzymes of lymphocytes was noted in comparison with the control group. IL-2 levels had a high dispersion and were associated with the clinical manifestations of the disease. A low level of IL-2 correlated with a decrease in the activity of -NAE lymphocytes. During the period of convalescence, there was a restoration of the enzymatic activity of lymphocytes, an increase in the number of cells with a pronounced activity of -NAE, typical of T-lymphocytes with killer activity. \u0000Conclusion: The hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomes of CP and -NAE lymphocytes make it possible to judge the intensity of intracellular metabolic processes and, in combination with the clinical symptoms of the disease and the activity of IL-2, are an indicator of the state of the immune process, supplementing the results of traditional immunological studies in patients with the erythema form of acute ixodid tick-borne borreliosis. The predominance of enzymatically inactive forms of T-lymphocytes in the acute period of the disease reflects a certain deficiency of the T-cell immunity.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90806761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic response affected maternal and neonatal health services worldwide. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on pregnancy outcomes, such as monthly stillbirth rates, percentage of monthly lower segment cesarean sections (LSCS), percentage of monthly preterm births, and percentage of monthly neonatal unit admissions at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted as a retrospective medical record-based study and included a total of 28,292 deliveries from January 2018 to November 2021 at the same tertiary care center. These deliveries were divided into pre-pandemic and during-pandemic deliveries for analysis. The period before the first case of COVID-19 was reported in March 2020 was considered pre-pandemic, while the period after was considered during-pandemic. Statistical analysis was then performed on the above parameters to compare pre-pandemic rates to during-pandemic rates. Increased maternal stress during the pandemic, lockdown measures and movement restrictions, reluctance to obtain hospital treatment when required due to fear of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 infection of mothers were expected to affect pregnancy outcomes during the pandemic period. The pre-pandemic monthly average stillbirth rate was 9.58 per thousand live births versus the post-pandemic rate of 9.67 per thousand live births. The monthly average LSCS percentage was 49.5% during both periods. The monthly average preterm birth rate decreased from 13.6% to 12.92% during the pandemic, while the monthly average neonatal unit admission rate decreased from 13.3% to 11.37% during the pandemic. The Pearson correlation test confirmed that the monthly LSCS rate is moderately correlated with the monthly preterm rate and monthly stillbirth rate, indicating a positive correlation. The Welch's t test was used to determine the statistical significance of these mean differences between pre-pandemic and during-pandemic, and none of the mean differences in the monthly stillbirth rate, LSCS percentage, preterm birth percentage, or neonatal unit admission percentage were statistically significant (p > 0.05). The F test indicates that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the variances of the two batches of the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic periods are equal at the 3% significance level.
{"title":"Pregnancy Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka","authors":"Ratnayake Thumula, Bandara Dompege Don Dananjaya Srimal, Bandara Mohottalalage Sunethra Sandhya Kumari","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510290","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic response affected maternal and neonatal health services worldwide. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on pregnancy outcomes, such as monthly stillbirth rates, percentage of monthly lower segment cesarean sections (LSCS), percentage of monthly preterm births, and percentage of monthly neonatal unit admissions at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted as a retrospective medical record-based study and included a total of 28,292 deliveries from January 2018 to November 2021 at the same tertiary care center. These deliveries were divided into pre-pandemic and during-pandemic deliveries for analysis. The period before the first case of COVID-19 was reported in March 2020 was considered pre-pandemic, while the period after was considered during-pandemic. Statistical analysis was then performed on the above parameters to compare pre-pandemic rates to during-pandemic rates. Increased maternal stress during the pandemic, lockdown measures and movement restrictions, reluctance to obtain hospital treatment when required due to fear of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 infection of mothers were expected to affect pregnancy outcomes during the pandemic period. The pre-pandemic monthly average stillbirth rate was 9.58 per thousand live births versus the post-pandemic rate of 9.67 per thousand live births. The monthly average LSCS percentage was 49.5% during both periods. The monthly average preterm birth rate decreased from 13.6% to 12.92% during the pandemic, while the monthly average neonatal unit admission rate decreased from 13.3% to 11.37% during the pandemic. The Pearson correlation test confirmed that the monthly LSCS rate is moderately correlated with the monthly preterm rate and monthly stillbirth rate, indicating a positive correlation. The Welch's t test was used to determine the statistical significance of these mean differences between pre-pandemic and during-pandemic, and none of the mean differences in the monthly stillbirth rate, LSCS percentage, preterm birth percentage, or neonatal unit admission percentage were statistically significant (p > 0.05). The F test indicates that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the variances of the two batches of the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic periods are equal at the 3% significance level.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43916998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510292
Sawadogo Yacouba, Samba Jessica Julie Chantal, de Souza Raïssa Muriel, Michodigni Noutin Fernand, Zongo Arsène, Kone Amariane Marie Madeleine, Traoré Isidore, Kaboré Odilon, Ouattara Cheick Ahmed, Cauwelaert Natasha Dubois, Belarbi Essia, D. Eric, Kania Dramane, Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant was responsible of an increase of the COVID-19 incidence worldwide. This
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