Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510306
Vij Arjun P, Hernandez-Tamayo Cassidy, Stafylis Chrysovalantis, Klausner Jeffrey D
Background: Reporting of hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) test results is a critical public health activity to facilitate the elimination of HCV. Comprehensive surveillance of both positive and negative HCV RNA test results is essential to informing and monitoring public health strategies for HCV elimination. Methods: To get the most up-to-date information on the reporting requirements of HCV RNA test results for all fifty states in the United States (US) and Washington, DC (which will be referred to as “states” henceforward), we examined sources like state HCV reporting guidelines and HCV case report forms. For states that we could not find information on, we contacted via email and/or phone call sources like state-based HCV senior epidemiologists and HCV surveillance managers. Results: Ultimately, we found that ~98% of states require reporting of positive HCV RNA test results, but only ~53% of states require reporting of negative HCV RNA test results. Conclusion: All states should have requirements for the reporting of positive and negative HCV RNA test results.
{"title":"Mapping the Required Reporting of Hepatitis C Virus Ribonucleic Acid Test Results in the United States","authors":"Vij Arjun P, Hernandez-Tamayo Cassidy, Stafylis Chrysovalantis, Klausner Jeffrey D","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reporting of hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) test results is a critical public health activity to facilitate the elimination of HCV. Comprehensive surveillance of both positive and negative HCV RNA test results is essential to informing and monitoring public health strategies for HCV elimination. Methods: To get the most up-to-date information on the reporting requirements of HCV RNA test results for all fifty states in the United States (US) and Washington, DC (which will be referred to as “states” henceforward), we examined sources like state HCV reporting guidelines and HCV case report forms. For states that we could not find information on, we contacted via email and/or phone call sources like state-based HCV senior epidemiologists and HCV surveillance managers. Results: Ultimately, we found that ~98% of states require reporting of positive HCV RNA test results, but only ~53% of states require reporting of negative HCV RNA test results. Conclusion: All states should have requirements for the reporting of positive and negative HCV RNA test results.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Tokmalaev, V. B. Chentsov, Karl Chukwuemeka Emerole, G. Kozhevnikova, A. Baranova, E. T. Vdovina
Abstract Background: the most prevalent and pathogenic malaria parasite associated with severe illness and death is Plasmodium falciparum. In non-endemic countries like the Russian federation, P. falciparum malaria is a relatively rare but potentially fatal disease found in travelers returning from countries with high malaria burden. Aims: this review aims to analyze the recommendations for managing severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in different World Health Organization (WHO) malaria endemic regions and considered their adherence to the WHO guidelines. Materials and methods: we identified countries with the highest number of indigenous falciparum malaria cases from four WHO regions and search for their malaria treatment guidelines using databases. Results: intravenous artesunate is the mainstay treatment for severe falciparum malaria. Mefloquine or fansidar was not indicated in the reviewed guidelines as. Most guidelines lack a mechanism for referring patients with severe malaria, between different levels of health facilities and lack specific criteria for intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: mefloquine and artemisinin - combination products containing mefloquine should be used with caution in cerebral malaria due to neuropsychiatric and cognitive complications. Understanding how guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of malaria areadopted in different epidemiological settings will help to contextualize the value and validity of recommendations for treatment of severe malaria.
{"title":"Management of Severe Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Adults. A Review of National and Regional Guidelines and their adherence to WHO guidelines","authors":"A. K. Tokmalaev, V. B. Chentsov, Karl Chukwuemeka Emerole, G. Kozhevnikova, A. Baranova, E. T. Vdovina","doi":"10.17816/eid352528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid352528","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: the most prevalent and pathogenic malaria parasite associated with severe illness and death is Plasmodium falciparum. In non-endemic countries like the Russian federation, P. falciparum malaria is a relatively rare but potentially fatal disease found in travelers returning from countries with high malaria burden. \u0000Aims: this review aims to analyze the recommendations for managing severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in different World Health Organization (WHO) malaria endemic regions and considered their adherence to the WHO guidelines. \u0000Materials and methods: we identified countries with the highest number of indigenous falciparum malaria cases from four WHO regions and search for their malaria treatment guidelines using databases. \u0000Results: intravenous artesunate is the mainstay treatment for severe falciparum malaria. Mefloquine or fansidar was not indicated in the reviewed guidelines as. Most guidelines lack a mechanism for referring patients with severe malaria, between different levels of health facilities and lack specific criteria for intensive care unit admission. \u0000Conclusions: mefloquine and artemisinin - combination products containing mefloquine should be used with caution in cerebral malaria due to neuropsychiatric and cognitive complications. Understanding how guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of malaria areadopted in different epidemiological settings will help to contextualize the value and validity of recommendations for treatment of severe malaria.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88172074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Agliullina, G. Khasanova, Aliya I. Ganieva, Endzhe R. Askarova, Liaisan R. Shakirova, Ilshat R. Bilalov
Background. Awareness of dental workers about the epidemiology of blood-borne infections (HIV infection, hepatitis B and C), as well as knowledge about actions in case of an incident at the workplace with contact with blood and other biological fluids are a key link in the prevention of listed infections. Aims: assessment of awareness and adherence of dental personnel to the algorithm of post-exposure prophylaxis of occupational infections with blood-borne pathogens. Materials and methods. The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The objects of the study are the dental staff of public and private dental clinics in Kazan, Russia. A survey of dental staff (n=173) was conducted in February-March 2023. The proportion of incidents caused by contact with blood and their nature among dental staff were determined, and the frequency of correctly performed algorithm of actions in case of the incident was calculated. The frequency of implementation of measures for the prevention of occupational infections with blood-borne pathogens was estimated. Categorical data were described with absolute values and proportions (%). Results. 65 specialists (65/173, 37.6%) encountered incidents caused by contact with blood at the workplace. Incidents were significantly more common among women than among men: 44.7% (55/123) vs. 20.0% (10/50), respectively (p=0.002). The last incident in 50 respondents was associated with skin damage (needlestick injury or cut exposure), in 17 with blood exposure to mucous membranes (including two people with a mixed character of incident: skin damage + blood exposure to mucous membranes). Local treating after incident caused by contact with blood was carried out correctly (according to Russian recommendations) by 18.0% with skin damage, 70.5% of personnel with blood exposure to mucous membranes. After the last incident, 58.5% of specialists (38/65) reported the head of the department or clinic, a third of respondents (23/65, 35.4%) recorded a case of contact with blood in the incident log. Almost all staff always use gloves (172/173, 99.4%) when they work in the dental office. 64.2% (111/173) of dental workers always use safety glasses or screens. 85.0% of respondents (147/173) have been vaccinated against HBV, 18 people have not been vaccinated (18/173, 10.4%). Eight people (8/173, 4.6%) do not know their vaccination status. Conclusions. Necessity of raising awareness of dental staff in the field of epidemiology and prevention of Blood-Borne infections has been demonstrated in order to reduce the risk of occupational infection with these infections.
{"title":"Assessment of occupational risks of bloodborne infectious diseases for dental personnel","authors":"S. Agliullina, G. Khasanova, Aliya I. Ganieva, Endzhe R. Askarova, Liaisan R. Shakirova, Ilshat R. Bilalov","doi":"10.17816/eid529657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid529657","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Awareness of dental workers about the epidemiology of blood-borne infections (HIV infection, hepatitis B and C), as well as knowledge about actions in case of an incident at the workplace with contact with blood and other biological fluids are a key link in the prevention of listed infections. \u0000Aims: assessment of awareness and adherence of dental personnel to the algorithm of post-exposure prophylaxis of occupational infections with blood-borne pathogens. \u0000Materials and methods. The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The objects of the study are the dental staff of public and private dental clinics in Kazan, Russia. A survey of dental staff (n=173) was conducted in February-March 2023. The proportion of incidents caused by contact with blood and their nature among dental staff were determined, and the frequency of correctly performed algorithm of actions in case of the incident was calculated. The frequency of implementation of measures for the prevention of occupational infections with blood-borne pathogens was estimated. Categorical data were described with absolute values and proportions (%). \u0000Results. 65 specialists (65/173, 37.6%) encountered incidents caused by contact with blood at the workplace. Incidents were significantly more common among women than among men: 44.7% (55/123) vs. 20.0% (10/50), respectively (p=0.002). The last incident in 50 respondents was associated with skin damage (needlestick injury or cut exposure), in 17 with blood exposure to mucous membranes (including two people with a mixed character of incident: skin damage + blood exposure to mucous membranes). \u0000Local treating after incident caused by contact with blood was carried out correctly (according to Russian recommendations) by 18.0% with skin damage, 70.5% of personnel with blood exposure to mucous membranes. After the last incident, 58.5% of specialists (38/65) reported the head of the department or clinic, a third of respondents (23/65, 35.4%) recorded a case of contact with blood in the incident log. \u0000Almost all staff always use gloves (172/173, 99.4%) when they work in the dental office. 64.2% (111/173) of dental workers always use safety glasses or screens. 85.0% of respondents (147/173) have been vaccinated against HBV, 18 people have not been vaccinated (18/173, 10.4%). Eight people (8/173, 4.6%) do not know their vaccination status. \u0000Conclusions. Necessity of raising awareness of dental staff in the field of epidemiology and prevention of Blood-Borne infections has been demonstrated in order to reduce the risk of occupational infection with these infections.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83630987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Smirnova, N. N. Zhuikov, Ivan A. Egorov, E. Malkova, Elena S. Shelkova, Ylia S. Stagilskaya
Disinfection and sterilization activities are an integral part of the epidemiological safety system in healthcare aimed at prevention of healthcare-associated infections. The quality of disinfection and sterilization activities has an impact on the efficiency of healthcare as well as on safety of both patients and healthcare professionals. Continuous monitoring of key disinfection and sterilization indicators is an important constituent of the HAI surveillance system implemented in healthcare institutions, organizations and bodies of Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing). The article analyzed the data on the disinfection and sterilization activities implemented in healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts based on the information obtained from State federal statistical monitoring form No. 27 Information on disinfection activities for the year of 2022 presented by the Rospotrebnadzor offices of the respective RF constituents compared with the long-term average annual and Russias nationwide average figures. Rating of the quality of disinfection and sterilization measures in the healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was scored using Statistica 10 software, and the most significant groups of indicators were selected for analysis. The resulting rating scores and their long-term annual kinetics suggest that the steadiest quality indicators of the disinfection and sterilization activities were observed in the healthcare institutions of the Khakass Republic, Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts. Continuous monitoring of key disinfection and sterilization indicators in the healthcare institutions allows development of task-oriented preventive activities and adjust them to changes in the epidemiologic situation in the region.
{"title":"Disinfection and sterilization measures in medical organizations of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts: results of 2022 and a long-term quality rating","authors":"S. Smirnova, N. N. Zhuikov, Ivan A. Egorov, E. Malkova, Elena S. Shelkova, Ylia S. Stagilskaya","doi":"10.17816/eid501791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid501791","url":null,"abstract":"Disinfection and sterilization activities are an integral part of the epidemiological safety system in healthcare aimed at prevention of healthcare-associated infections. The quality of disinfection and sterilization activities has an impact on the efficiency of healthcare as well as on safety of both patients and healthcare professionals. Continuous monitoring of key disinfection and sterilization indicators is an important constituent of the HAI surveillance system implemented in healthcare institutions, organizations and bodies of Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing). The article analyzed the data on the disinfection and sterilization activities implemented in healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts based on the information obtained from State federal statistical monitoring form No. 27 Information on disinfection activities for the year of 2022 presented by the Rospotrebnadzor offices of the respective RF constituents compared with the long-term average annual and Russias nationwide average figures. Rating of the quality of disinfection and sterilization measures in the healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was scored using Statistica 10 software, and the most significant groups of indicators were selected for analysis. The resulting rating scores and their long-term annual kinetics suggest that the steadiest quality indicators of the disinfection and sterilization activities were observed in the healthcare institutions of the Khakass Republic, Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts. Continuous monitoring of key disinfection and sterilization indicators in the healthcare institutions allows development of task-oriented preventive activities and adjust them to changes in the epidemiologic situation in the region.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87462243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annotation Justification. Registration of regional features of the etiological structure of non-polio enterovirus infection (NPEVI) in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Goal. To determine the features of the etiological structure of non-polio enterovirus infection in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Materials and methods. The data from the forms of statistical observation for 2013-2022 and the results of molecular genetic studies of the structure of NPEVI in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods were used. Results. The tendency of the increase in the incidence of NPEVI in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic with a predominance of the proportion of children under 6 years old has been established. In the study period up to 2019, enteroviruses (EV) Coxsackie A6 in combination with EV A71 dominated, for which the calculated trends of the short-term forecast were confirmed in 2022. In the same year, these EVs were the most common cause of focal diseases with exanthemic forms of NPEVI. In 2022, the circulation of 8 more EV genovariants was recorded, among which Coxsackie A10 EV prevailed (20.5% of cases), which caused the majority of cases of enterovirus vesicular pharyngitis. 5 cases of enterovirus meningitis (11,%) were registered in children with the release of ESNO6, ESNO9, Coxsackie A9, which were not noted in other clinical forms and circulated irregularly and in smaller numbers during the pre-pandemic period than in 2022. Conclusion. The analysis of the monitoring data of the NPEVI in the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug revealed a trend of gradual increase in the incidence of children, which must be taken into account when organizing epidemiological surveillance of the NPEVI. The completeness of the registration of cases of NPEVI with mandatory genotyping of the detected EV strains will allow to more accurately determine the spectrum of strains endemic to this territory and assess the probability of their spread in order to make a forecast about the true level of morbidity, conduct appropriate scientifically based anti-epidemic and preventive measures among the children of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-POLIO ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN THE PRE-PANDEMIC AND POST-PANDEMIC PERIODS","authors":"Tatiana Suranova","doi":"10.17816/eid321606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid321606","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation \u0000Justification. Registration of regional features of the etiological structure of non-polio enterovirus infection (NPEVI) in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. \u0000Goal. To determine the features of the etiological structure of non-polio enterovirus infection in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. \u0000Materials and methods. The data from the forms of statistical observation for 2013-2022 and the results of molecular genetic studies of the structure of NPEVI in children in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods were used. \u0000Results. The tendency of the increase in the incidence of NPEVI in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic with a predominance of the proportion of children under 6 years old has been established. In the study period up to 2019, enteroviruses (EV) Coxsackie A6 in combination with EV A71 dominated, for which the calculated trends of the short-term forecast were confirmed in 2022. In the same year, these EVs were the most common cause of focal diseases with exanthemic forms of NPEVI. In 2022, the circulation of 8 more EV genovariants was recorded, among which Coxsackie A10 EV prevailed (20.5% of cases), which caused the majority of cases of enterovirus vesicular pharyngitis. 5 cases of enterovirus meningitis (11,%) were registered in children with the release of ESNO6, ESNO9, Coxsackie A9, which were not noted in other clinical forms and circulated irregularly and in smaller numbers during the pre-pandemic period than in 2022. \u0000Conclusion. The analysis of the monitoring data of the NPEVI in the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug revealed a trend of gradual increase in the incidence of children, which must be taken into account when organizing epidemiological surveillance of the NPEVI. The completeness of the registration of cases of NPEVI with mandatory genotyping of the detected EV strains will allow to more accurately determine the spectrum of strains endemic to this territory and assess the probability of their spread in order to make a forecast about the true level of morbidity, conduct appropriate scientifically based anti-epidemic and preventive measures among the children of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72708999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Bulycheva, Vyacheslav V. Bulychev, E. N. Velichko, Nataya A. Pashkova
The profile of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients directly affects the course of the disease. However, a high percentage of multidrug resistance in patients with HIV infection not only worsens the course of the disease, but also forces the development of new tactics for managing such patients. The article discusses the characteristics of the profile of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with HIV infection using molecular genetic and bacteriological research methods. It is shown that for the period 2018-2022. the proportion of people infected with HIV who are resistant to isoniazid by 14.6% and rifampicin by 28.85%, by 717.39% to moxifloxacin and by 104.25% to amikacin has increased. The reduction in the choice of drugs and the possibility of effective anti-tuberculosis therapy in HIV-infected people is also complicated by the detection of a multidrug-resistant culture in 20.34% of the examined patients and multidrug resistance in 39.6% of patients. In addition, over a five-year period, the percentage of mutations in the genes of mycobacteria responsible for resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs has increased. The necessity of finding new solutions in the prevention of the formation of resistance to existing anti-tuberculosis drugs, the development of new effective drugs for use as first-line and second-line drugs is substantiated.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE PROFILE OF DRUG RESISTANCE TO FIRST-LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION","authors":"E. Bulycheva, Vyacheslav V. Bulychev, E. N. Velichko, Nataya A. Pashkova","doi":"10.17816/eid448391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid448391","url":null,"abstract":"The profile of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients directly affects the course of the disease. However, a high percentage of multidrug resistance in patients with HIV infection not only worsens the course of the disease, but also forces the development of new tactics for managing such patients. The article discusses the characteristics of the profile of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with HIV infection using molecular genetic and bacteriological research methods. It is shown that for the period 2018-2022. the proportion of people infected with HIV who are resistant to isoniazid by 14.6% and rifampicin by 28.85%, by 717.39% to moxifloxacin and by 104.25% to amikacin has increased. The reduction in the choice of drugs and the possibility of effective anti-tuberculosis therapy in HIV-infected people is also complicated by the detection of a multidrug-resistant culture in 20.34% of the examined patients and multidrug resistance in 39.6% of patients. In addition, over a five-year period, the percentage of mutations in the genes of mycobacteria responsible for resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs has increased. The necessity of finding new solutions in the prevention of the formation of resistance to existing anti-tuberculosis drugs, the development of new effective drugs for use as first-line and second-line drugs is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86935020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliya Bulatovna Bahteeva, Maya Borisovna Sharaeva, G. Khasanova, F. Nagimova
Kaposi's carcoma is the most common AIDS-defining malignancy.With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy into practice, a significant decline of incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma is achieved.However, cases associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection continue to occur. We present clinical case of a patient with HIV infection with generalized Kaposi's sarcoma with multiple manifestations of lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and organs.If the diagnosis of lesions of the skin and mucous membranes did not cause difficulties, pulmonary lesions were difficult to be distinguished from disseminated tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection.The extremely severe course of the disease with an unfavorable outcome happened because of deep immunosuppression, and, apparently, manifestation of an inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome.Autopsy, in addition to the skin and oral mucosal leasons foci in the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs, colon, duodenum, peribronchial, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lumbar muscles were noted.Diagnosis of the internal organs involvement in Kaposi's sarcoma cases is not easy and requires the involvement of specialists in various fields.
{"title":"DISSEMINATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA IN PATIENT WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION","authors":"Liliya Bulatovna Bahteeva, Maya Borisovna Sharaeva, G. Khasanova, F. Nagimova","doi":"10.17816/eid470358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid470358","url":null,"abstract":"Kaposi's carcoma is the most common AIDS-defining malignancy.With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy into practice, a significant decline of incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma is achieved.However, cases associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection continue to occur. We present clinical case of a patient with HIV infection with generalized Kaposi's sarcoma with multiple manifestations of lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and organs.If the diagnosis of lesions of the skin and mucous membranes did not cause difficulties, pulmonary lesions were difficult to be distinguished from disseminated tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection.The extremely severe course of the disease with an unfavorable outcome happened because of deep immunosuppression, and, apparently, manifestation of an inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome.Autopsy, in addition to the skin and oral mucosal leasons foci in the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs, colon, duodenum, peribronchial, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lumbar muscles were noted.Diagnosis of the internal organs involvement in Kaposi's sarcoma cases is not easy and requires the involvement of specialists in various fields.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80722458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the availability of a large selection of probiotics on the pharmaceutical market warrants that doctors know all the possible biological effects. Lactobacillus reuteri exerts antimicrobial action against pathogenic bacterial species, viruses, and fungi, as well as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, detoxifying effects, acid resistance, and promotion of the restoration of intestinal microbiota. L. reuteri B-9448 is one of the most accessible and effective strains in the formulations of modern probiotics used for the prevention and correction of various conditions and diseases. The biologically active additive Reuteri ECOlab, which combines the unique properties of living L. reuteri bacteria, highly active products of their metabolism, and MCT oil, allows the drug to be used in combination therapy of acute diarrhea in children and adults and rotavirus infections, Helicobacter pylori infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, functional abdominal pain, and allergic reactions in children. This probiotic can be administered in the form of drops, which makes it convenient, and the formulation is devoid of alcohols, emulsifiers, flavors, preservatives, and dyes, which makes it free of the risk of overdose and hence safe for use.
{"title":"Real possibilities of using Lactobacillus reuteri B-9448 in clinical practice: A modern approach to old problems (review)","authors":"S. Tyukavkina, E. Alutina, Tatiana Suranova","doi":"10.17816/eid375306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid375306","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the availability of a large selection of probiotics on the pharmaceutical market warrants that doctors know all the possible biological effects. Lactobacillus reuteri exerts antimicrobial action against pathogenic bacterial species, viruses, and fungi, as well as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, detoxifying effects, acid resistance, and promotion of the restoration of intestinal microbiota. L. reuteri B-9448 is one of the most accessible and effective strains in the formulations of modern probiotics used for the prevention and correction of various conditions and diseases. \u0000The biologically active additive Reuteri ECOlab, which combines the unique properties of living L. reuteri bacteria, highly active products of their metabolism, and MCT oil, allows the drug to be used in combination therapy of acute diarrhea in children and adults and rotavirus infections, Helicobacter pylori infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, functional abdominal pain, and allergic reactions in children. This probiotic can be administered in the form of drops, which makes it convenient, and the formulation is devoid of alcohols, emulsifiers, flavors, preservatives, and dyes, which makes it free of the risk of overdose and hence safe for use.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87636602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. L. Kolpakov, Alexander F. Popov, Elena V. Zagney, Marina V. Makovkina
BACKGROUND: The contribution of random and regular factors in the process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever is unknown, which necessitates the search for the reasons for the formation of severe and fatal cases. AIM: Based on the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai over a long period, we aimed to establish the role of the main determinants of the epidemic process and to demonstrate the causality of local manifestations in epidemic foci in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comprehensive descriptive epidemiological and clinical study, we undertook the epidemiological analysis of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and data from examinations of the foci of infection. We performed a clinical observation (case study) of a case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome at the Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in March 2022. The object of the study is statistical data on officially registered cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai from 1995 to 2021. RESULTS: The proportion of random factors in the epidemic process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the period under review was 28.7% of the incidence, which formed deviations from the typical curve, but did not participate in the formation of cyclicity in the long-term dynamics. Variable factors that formed cyclicity and random deviations together determined 53.4% of the incidence. They were fully related to seasonal morbidity (67.8%). Moreover, the remaining 14.4% of seasonality was formed by constant factors for each month. Factors constant for all months of the year form a year-round form, that is, 32.2% of the incidence. In the clinical and epidemiological observation of a lethal case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, infection was noted under conditions of dust formation, such as when restoring order in a closed room at a negative temperature (sweeping) and high titers of specific antibodies resulting from repeated encounters with the pathogen in residential and occupational types of morbidity and the accompanying illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever demonstrated a high resolution of epidemiological analysis by using a binary method in zoonoses. The patterns and features of human morbidity were controlled by natural and social factors more strictly than by biological ones. The determinants of the socio-ecological system in epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai make it possible to specify the tactics and strategy for the implementation of epidemiological surveillance.
{"title":"Determinants of manifestations of the epidemic process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai","authors":"S. L. Kolpakov, Alexander F. Popov, Elena V. Zagney, Marina V. Makovkina","doi":"10.17816/eid339111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid339111","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The contribution of random and regular factors in the process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever is unknown, which necessitates the search for the reasons for the formation of severe and fatal cases. \u0000AIM: Based on the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai over a long period, we aimed to establish the role of the main determinants of the epidemic process and to demonstrate the causality of local manifestations in epidemic foci in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comprehensive descriptive epidemiological and clinical study, we undertook the epidemiological analysis of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and data from examinations of the foci of infection. We performed a clinical observation (case study) of a case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome at the Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in March 2022. The object of the study is statistical data on officially registered cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai from 1995 to 2021. \u0000RESULTS: The proportion of random factors in the epidemic process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the period under review was 28.7% of the incidence, which formed deviations from the typical curve, but did not participate in the formation of cyclicity in the long-term dynamics. Variable factors that formed cyclicity and random deviations together determined 53.4% of the incidence. They were fully related to seasonal morbidity (67.8%). Moreover, the remaining 14.4% of seasonality was formed by constant factors for each month. Factors constant for all months of the year form a year-round form, that is, 32.2% of the incidence. \u0000In the clinical and epidemiological observation of a lethal case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, infection was noted under conditions of dust formation, such as when restoring order in a closed room at a negative temperature (sweeping) and high titers of specific antibodies resulting from repeated encounters with the pathogen in residential and occupational types of morbidity and the accompanying illnesses. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever demonstrated a high resolution of epidemiological analysis by using a binary method in zoonoses. The patterns and features of human morbidity were controlled by natural and social factors more strictly than by biological ones. The determinants of the socio-ecological system in epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai make it possible to specify the tactics and strategy for the implementation of epidemiological surveillance.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87490138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elmira G. Gasimova, Aleхandr A. Karpov, I. K. Minullin, Zh. G. Eremeeva, Leisan Sh. Salyahova, I. R. Iskandarov
BACKGROUND: Microsporia is a widespread type of dermatomycosis, especially among the children's population, representing a medical and social problem, because of the duration and high cost of treatment and the moral and material damage incurred to the patients and their family members. The absence of regulatory documents (except for clinical recommendations) regarding the epidemiology of this nosology, the organization and control of mandatory anti-epidemic measures, and the timing of their execution determine the relevance of infection. AIM: To present the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of microsporia in the population of the Republic of Tatarstan with clinical and epidemiological analyses of the outpatient records of patients in the Nizhnekamsk region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the incidence of microsporia in the study population was conducted with reference to the official statistical forms for 20112021. The analysis of the outpatient charts and medical histories of the residents of Nizhnekamsk district who were diagnosed with microsporia and consulted a dermatovenerologist in 20202022 and were then hospitalized in a skin and venereological dispensary was selectively carried out from the Journal of Infectious Diseases (format no. 060/y). The data were processed in Microsoft Excel (USA) and Startech (Russia). RESULTS: During 20112021, a statistically significant trend of a decrease in the incidence of microsporia in the Russian Federation was noted along with a corresponding increase in the Volga Federal District and the Republic of Tatarstan, with the residents of Tatarstan accounting for 66% of newly detected cases of microsporia in Russia and 59% in the Volga Federal District. High rates of microsporia incidence in the republic were registered among the city residents (81.3%). During the period of analyses in Tatarstan, among the reported cases, children aged 014 years (77%) with microsporia accounted for 77% of all cases, which included 53.7% girls. Among adults, persons aged 1829 years accounted for 9% of all cases, of which 73.2% were women. When analyzing the outpatient records of patients-residents in the Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan (n=1010), the main subgroup with microsporia was identified as children aged 714 years (n=519 [51.4%]). Every year, 53.9% of schoolchildren and 28.6% of preschool children get dermatophytes. The source of microsporia infection was stray and domestic cats for 298 (29.5%) cases. The major proportion of patients with microsporia, that is, 83.9% (n=847), showed localization of the process on smooth skin. In children, microspore was represented by smooth skin lesions in 744 (80.9%) cases and by scalp in 175 (19.1%). In adults, 83 (91.2%) cases of smooth skin lesions and 8 (8.8%) cases of scalp cases were registered. CONCLUSIONS: Microsporia remains relevant owing to its high prevalence, especially among children, which dictates the need for ant
{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of microsporia in the Republic of Tatarstan","authors":"Elmira G. Gasimova, Aleхandr A. Karpov, I. K. Minullin, Zh. G. Eremeeva, Leisan Sh. Salyahova, I. R. Iskandarov","doi":"10.17816/eid322939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid322939","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Microsporia is a widespread type of dermatomycosis, especially among the children's population, representing a medical and social problem, because of the duration and high cost of treatment and the moral and material damage incurred to the patients and their family members. The absence of regulatory documents (except for clinical recommendations) regarding the epidemiology of this nosology, the organization and control of mandatory anti-epidemic measures, and the timing of their execution determine the relevance of infection. \u0000AIM: To present the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of microsporia in the population of the Republic of Tatarstan with clinical and epidemiological analyses of the outpatient records of patients in the Nizhnekamsk region. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the incidence of microsporia in the study population was conducted with reference to the official statistical forms for 20112021. The analysis of the outpatient charts and medical histories of the residents of Nizhnekamsk district who were diagnosed with microsporia and consulted a dermatovenerologist in 20202022 and were then hospitalized in a skin and venereological dispensary was selectively carried out from the Journal of Infectious Diseases (format no. 060/y). The data were processed in Microsoft Excel (USA) and Startech (Russia). \u0000RESULTS: During 20112021, a statistically significant trend of a decrease in the incidence of microsporia in the Russian Federation was noted along with a corresponding increase in the Volga Federal District and the Republic of Tatarstan, with the residents of Tatarstan accounting for 66% of newly detected cases of microsporia in Russia and 59% in the Volga Federal District. High rates of microsporia incidence in the republic were registered among the city residents (81.3%). During the period of analyses in Tatarstan, among the reported cases, children aged 014 years (77%) with microsporia accounted for 77% of all cases, which included 53.7% girls. Among adults, persons aged 1829 years accounted for 9% of all cases, of which 73.2% were women. \u0000When analyzing the outpatient records of patients-residents in the Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan (n=1010), the main subgroup with microsporia was identified as children aged 714 years (n=519 [51.4%]). Every year, 53.9% of schoolchildren and 28.6% of preschool children get dermatophytes. The source of microsporia infection was stray and domestic cats for 298 (29.5%) cases. The major proportion of patients with microsporia, that is, 83.9% (n=847), showed localization of the process on smooth skin. In children, microspore was represented by smooth skin lesions in 744 (80.9%) cases and by scalp in 175 (19.1%). In adults, 83 (91.2%) cases of smooth skin lesions and 8 (8.8%) cases of scalp cases were registered. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Microsporia remains relevant owing to its high prevalence, especially among children, which dictates the need for ant","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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