Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.71203.1099
A. Sheref, Yahya M. Naguib, Elsayed Abouelnour, H. Salem, Mohammed S. Hassan, H. Abdel-Razek
To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nootropic drugs, piracetam and vincamine, on Parkinsonʹs disease (PD) in rats, forty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomized into five equal groups: control, haloperidol-induced PD group, and PD groups orally given piracetam (300 mg/kg/day), vincamine (20 mg/kg/day) or both. Four weeks later, motor performance was assessed by stepping test. Y-maze, forced swimming and olfactory preference tests were done for cognitive and behavioral evaluation. Blood samples were collected for measuring serum glucose, calcium, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Thereafter, rats were sacrificed and brains were dissected. Striatal tissue of left hemisphere was isolated and homogenized for assay of dopamine, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß). Right hemisphere was used for histopathological examination of substantia nigra. Results: Rats of PD group showed bradykinesia, cognitive impairment, depressive-like behavior and hyposmia, reductions in serum calcium and GDNF, and in striatal dopamine, GSH, GPx and SOD, while serum glucose and CPK, and striatal MDA, nitrite/nitrate, IL-1ß and TNF-α were increased, as compared to control. Both drugs improved neurological dysfunction and biochemical parameters, as compared to PD group. The histopathological findings revealed neuro-degeneration and neuro-inflammation in PD group, that improved in treated groups. The piracetam effect was mainly anti-inflammatory, while vincamine was mainly antioxidant. Combined treatment resulted in a more potent amelioration of haloperidol-induced changes. Conclusion: Piracetam and vincamine exhibit neuroprotective activity in haloperidol-induced PD, that is more potent with their combination. Keywords
{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Piracetam and Vincamine in a Rat Model of Haloperidol-induced Parkinson's Disease","authors":"A. Sheref, Yahya M. Naguib, Elsayed Abouelnour, H. Salem, Mohammed S. Hassan, H. Abdel-Razek","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.71203.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.71203.1099","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nootropic drugs, piracetam and vincamine, on Parkinsonʹs disease (PD) in rats, forty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomized into five equal groups: control, haloperidol-induced PD group, and PD groups orally given piracetam (300 mg/kg/day), vincamine (20 mg/kg/day) or both. Four weeks later, motor performance was assessed by stepping test. Y-maze, forced swimming and olfactory preference tests were done for cognitive and behavioral evaluation. Blood samples were collected for measuring serum glucose, calcium, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Thereafter, rats were sacrificed and brains were dissected. Striatal tissue of left hemisphere was isolated and homogenized for assay of dopamine, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß). Right hemisphere was used for histopathological examination of substantia nigra. Results: Rats of PD group showed bradykinesia, cognitive impairment, depressive-like behavior and hyposmia, reductions in serum calcium and GDNF, and in striatal dopamine, GSH, GPx and SOD, while serum glucose and CPK, and striatal MDA, nitrite/nitrate, IL-1ß and TNF-α were increased, as compared to control. Both drugs improved neurological dysfunction and biochemical parameters, as compared to PD group. The histopathological findings revealed neuro-degeneration and neuro-inflammation in PD group, that improved in treated groups. The piracetam effect was mainly anti-inflammatory, while vincamine was mainly antioxidant. Combined treatment resulted in a more potent amelioration of haloperidol-induced changes. Conclusion: Piracetam and vincamine exhibit neuroprotective activity in haloperidol-induced PD, that is more potent with their combination. Keywords","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79102939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.90626.1108
S. El-Hefnawy, Amal A. El-Koa, A. Sleem, Nehad Elsaid, Mai M. El Kalashy
Background and Aim: Coronaviruses are dangerous human and animal pathogens. It is characterized by fast spread, starting as an epidemic through China, followed by a worldwide pandemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of laboratory proven blood stream bacterial co-infection in hospitalized adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients and to recognize antibiotic susceptibilities of identified pathogens together with evaluation of predictors for case severity.Methods: The study involved 142 adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative or real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs. For each case two blood cultures were taken after ≥ 3 days of hospital admission. Results:About 30% of positive blood cultures showed Gram positive staphylococci while Gram negative bacilli were detected by 70% (Klebsiella ;30%, E.coli ; 20% and Pseudomonas ; 20%). Variable resistance patterns were noticed in all bacterial isolates.Blood stream infections (BSI) were identified in 40 cases (28%). About 70% of them were males. The mean age significantly associated with BSI was 63.5±18.2 years old. Hypertension and diabetes had high significant association with BSI by 55% and 60% respectively. Significantly 68% of mechanically ventilated COVID cases were BSI complicated. Death was the fate of 57.5% of BSI positive COVID cases significantly with low O2 saturation and prolonged hospital stay (21.6±3.52 days). Conclusion: All blood stream bacterial pathogens were multidrug resistant. Infections were detected among old aged, diabetic, hypertensive and mechanically ventilated patients. Prescribing antibiotics in COVID patients should be guided by careful clinical and laboratory assessment to improve their management and outcomes. Keywords
{"title":"Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bloodstream Bacterial Infections among Hospitalized COVID-19 Egyptian Patients and Evaluation of Predictors for Case Severity","authors":"S. El-Hefnawy, Amal A. El-Koa, A. Sleem, Nehad Elsaid, Mai M. El Kalashy","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.90626.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.90626.1108","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Coronaviruses are dangerous human and animal pathogens. It is characterized by fast spread, starting as an epidemic through China, followed by a worldwide pandemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of laboratory proven blood stream bacterial co-infection in hospitalized adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients and to recognize antibiotic susceptibilities of identified pathogens together with evaluation of predictors for case severity.Methods: The study involved 142 adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative or real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs. For each case two blood cultures were taken after ≥ 3 days of hospital admission. Results:About 30% of positive blood cultures showed Gram positive staphylococci while Gram negative bacilli were detected by 70% (Klebsiella ;30%, E.coli ; 20% and Pseudomonas ; 20%). Variable resistance patterns were noticed in all bacterial isolates.Blood stream infections (BSI) were identified in 40 cases (28%). About 70% of them were males. The mean age significantly associated with BSI was 63.5±18.2 years old. Hypertension and diabetes had high significant association with BSI by 55% and 60% respectively. Significantly 68% of mechanically ventilated COVID cases were BSI complicated. Death was the fate of 57.5% of BSI positive COVID cases significantly with low O2 saturation and prolonged hospital stay (21.6±3.52 days). Conclusion: All blood stream bacterial pathogens were multidrug resistant. Infections were detected among old aged, diabetic, hypertensive and mechanically ventilated patients. Prescribing antibiotics in COVID patients should be guided by careful clinical and laboratory assessment to improve their management and outcomes. Keywords","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74781802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.88294.1106
Mona A. Said, Hala Anwer, S. Mansour, H. Abdallah
With recent upsurge in obesity, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on NAFLD and the role of transforming growth factor beta one (TGFβ1). NAFLD was induced in adult male albino Wistar rats by administration of methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet. Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, bilirubin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), body weight, liver weight and liver weight /body weight ratio were measured in different experimental groups to assess the liver affection. Liver samples were taken for measurement of TG, TC, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as histopathological detection of hepatic tissue injury and immuno-histochemical assessment of TGFβ1. As compared to the control group, MCD diet was found to produce a significant increase in serum level of AST, ALT, liver weight and liver weight/ body weight ratio, accompanied with a significant increase in liver tissue MDA, TNF-α and TGF-β1 immuno-histochemical scoring. However, there was a significant decrease in hepatic GSH level. It also resulted in significant elevation in hepatic TG and TC, significant decrease in serum TG and TC levels and non-significant change in body weight, serum albumin and bilirubin. These results were supported by histopathological changes in hepatic tissues in the form of steatosis of hepatocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration. These results were reversed by EPO treatment. EPO treatment showed a hepato-protective effects against the development of NAFLD with a significant preservation of liver functions and structure that could be explained by the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effect of EPO treatment.
{"title":"THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ON FATTY LIVER INDUCED BY METHIONINE CHOLINE DEFICIENT DIET IN ADULT MALE RATS","authors":"Mona A. Said, Hala Anwer, S. Mansour, H. Abdallah","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.88294.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.88294.1106","url":null,"abstract":"With recent upsurge in obesity, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on NAFLD and the role of transforming growth factor beta one (TGFβ1). NAFLD was induced in adult male albino Wistar rats by administration of methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet. Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, bilirubin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), body weight, liver weight and liver weight /body weight ratio were measured in different experimental groups to assess the liver affection. Liver samples were taken for measurement of TG, TC, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as histopathological detection of hepatic tissue injury and immuno-histochemical assessment of TGFβ1. As compared to the control group, MCD diet was found to produce a significant increase in serum level of AST, ALT, liver weight and liver weight/ body weight ratio, accompanied with a significant increase in liver tissue MDA, TNF-α and TGF-β1 immuno-histochemical scoring. However, there was a significant decrease in hepatic GSH level. It also resulted in significant elevation in hepatic TG and TC, significant decrease in serum TG and TC levels and non-significant change in body weight, serum albumin and bilirubin. These results were supported by histopathological changes in hepatic tissues in the form of steatosis of hepatocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration. These results were reversed by EPO treatment. EPO treatment showed a hepato-protective effects against the development of NAFLD with a significant preservation of liver functions and structure that could be explained by the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effect of EPO treatment.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73132475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.82025.1104
M. Ragab, Wafaa Abdallah, Rania Addel Maksoud, Dina Nasser, Nesrine M. El Azhary
{"title":"Beneficial antipruritic effects of lowering Interleukin -17 and/or IgE by anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies and PPAR gamma agonist in experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice","authors":"M. Ragab, Wafaa Abdallah, Rania Addel Maksoud, Dina Nasser, Nesrine M. El Azhary","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.82025.1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.82025.1104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78556422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.71460.1100
H. Fahmy, Anwar Ali, S. Sayed, Mohammed Sayed
Purpose: Primary open-angle glaucoma has been identified as the most common type of glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure, advanced age, positive family history, and African ancestry are well-known risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma. Vitamin D is a known vital contributor to health. Thus, this present study aimed to clarify the neurophysiological role of vitamin D deficiency in primary open-angle glaucoma and to examine the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the structural changes associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients and Methods: All patients participating in this study underwent the best visual acuity examination. In addition, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potentials were measured.Results: As per our findings, it was determined that vitamin D negatively correlated with intraocular pressure in patients less than 45 years of age (r-value: −0.803; p-value: 0.002). Vitamin D also negatively correlated with age when optical coherence tomography was >94 μm (r-value: −0.526; p-value: 0.044). Vitamin D negatively correlated with intraocular pressure when visual evoked potential latency was <100 msec (r-value: p-value: 0.036). Conclusion: We can conclude that vitamin D has an ameliorating effect on intraocular pressure when optic nerve conduction velocity is normal, but once optic nerve function deteriorates, the vitamin D effect decreases.
{"title":"Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and VEP and OCT in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma","authors":"H. Fahmy, Anwar Ali, S. Sayed, Mohammed Sayed","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.71460.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.71460.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Primary open-angle glaucoma has been identified as the most common type of glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure, advanced age, positive family history, and African ancestry are well-known risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma. Vitamin D is a known vital contributor to health. Thus, this present study aimed to clarify the neurophysiological role of vitamin D deficiency in primary open-angle glaucoma and to examine the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the structural changes associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients and Methods: All patients participating in this study underwent the best visual acuity examination. In addition, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potentials were measured.Results: As per our findings, it was determined that vitamin D negatively correlated with intraocular pressure in patients less than 45 years of age (r-value: −0.803; p-value: 0.002). Vitamin D also negatively correlated with age when optical coherence tomography was >94 μm (r-value: −0.526; p-value: 0.044). Vitamin D negatively correlated with intraocular pressure when visual evoked potential latency was <100 msec (r-value: p-value: 0.036). Conclusion: We can conclude that vitamin D has an ameliorating effect on intraocular pressure when optic nerve conduction velocity is normal, but once optic nerve function deteriorates, the vitamin D effect decreases.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77371279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.80618.1103
Nesrine M. El Azhary, N. El Beltagy, A. el Habashy, Nadira El Shaer, Sarah Hassan
Introduction: Excess body fat has been implicated in mediating irregular ovulation and menstruation. The aim of the current work was to study the potential impact of body fat percentage on the serum level of kisspeptin hormone and on the size of the ova, at day 11 of the menstrual cycle in females. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on 80 females, distributed into 3 groups. Group I (control): 20 females with regular menstrual cycles; Group II: 30 females with BMI < 30, with irregular menstrual cycles and Group III: 30 females with BMI ≥30 with irregular menstrual cycles. Females were subjected to detailed history taking, examination and investigations. A food frequency questionnaire was filled. Results: In patients having irregular menstruation (Group II and III), body fat percentage was elevated compared to the control group. They also had more abdominal adiposity. Their mean serum Kisspeptin level as well as the mean size of their ovarian follicles on day 11 were significantly lower compared to group I . Group II and III patients also had a significantly high intake of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of vegetables and fruits, compared to group I females. Conclusion: High body fat percentage more than 32 % might contribute to irregular ovulation via decreasing kisspeptin secretion and consequently reducing the size of ovarian follicle at day 11 of the menstrual cycle.
{"title":"Elevated body fat percentage as a predictor of irregular ovulation and menstruation","authors":"Nesrine M. El Azhary, N. El Beltagy, A. el Habashy, Nadira El Shaer, Sarah Hassan","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.80618.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.80618.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Excess body fat has been implicated in mediating irregular ovulation and menstruation. The aim of the current work was to study the potential impact of body fat percentage on the serum level of kisspeptin hormone and on the size of the ova, at day 11 of the menstrual cycle in females. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on 80 females, distributed into 3 groups. Group I (control): 20 females with regular menstrual cycles; Group II: 30 females with BMI < 30, with irregular menstrual cycles and Group III: 30 females with BMI ≥30 with irregular menstrual cycles. Females were subjected to detailed history taking, examination and investigations. A food frequency questionnaire was filled. Results: In patients having irregular menstruation (Group II and III), body fat percentage was elevated compared to the control group. They also had more abdominal adiposity. Their mean serum Kisspeptin level as well as the mean size of their ovarian follicles on day 11 were significantly lower compared to group I . Group II and III patients also had a significantly high intake of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of vegetables and fruits, compared to group I females. Conclusion: High body fat percentage more than 32 % might contribute to irregular ovulation via decreasing kisspeptin secretion and consequently reducing the size of ovarian follicle at day 11 of the menstrual cycle.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.84778.1105
M. Mohammed, Asmaa M S Gomaa, M. Mohammed, Ghada Hosny, Marwa Ahmed
Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is used as food additive enhancing flavor of food. It was linked to many metabolic alterations, obesity, inflammation and oxidative damage in different organs. We investigated the possible metabolic effects of MSG and its effect on liver and kidneys in adult and neonatal male rats. Materials and methods: The study was carried for 12 weeks on forty male rats divided into four groups: MSG Adult were given (120 mg/kg/day) Intraperitoneal (I.P), MSG Neonatal rats given MSG (120 mg/kg/day) I.P, control adult were given (120 mg/kg/day) saline I.P and control neonates given (120 mg/kg/day) I.P saline. Final body weight, weight gain, body mass index (BMI) and Lee index were measured. Fasting blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, final liver and kidney weights, liver and kidney function tests (serum AST, ALT, serum urea and creatinine), serum TNF-α, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Mean ABP was measured. Histopathlogical examination of liver and kidney tissues was done.MSG induced a significant increase in final body weight, weight gain, BMI and Lee index in MSG neonatal and MSG adult rats. Significant increase in blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, leptin and TNF-α with significant decrease in serum TAC, liver and kidney functions were impaired in both MSG treated groups with histopathlogical alterations. Conclusion: MSG induced obesity, metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance and decreased antioxidant defense. MSG had a toxic effect on liver and kidneys and should be taken cautiously in diet especially for infants and children. Keywords
{"title":"Effects Of Mono-Sodium Glutamate Administration On Metabolic Parameters, Hepatic And Renal Functions In Adult And Neonate Male Rats","authors":"M. Mohammed, Asmaa M S Gomaa, M. Mohammed, Ghada Hosny, Marwa Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.84778.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.84778.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is used as food additive enhancing flavor of food. It was linked to many metabolic alterations, obesity, inflammation and oxidative damage in different organs. We investigated the possible metabolic effects of MSG and its effect on liver and kidneys in adult and neonatal male rats. Materials and methods: The study was carried for 12 weeks on forty male rats divided into four groups: MSG Adult were given (120 mg/kg/day) Intraperitoneal (I.P), MSG Neonatal rats given MSG (120 mg/kg/day) I.P, control adult were given (120 mg/kg/day) saline I.P and control neonates given (120 mg/kg/day) I.P saline. Final body weight, weight gain, body mass index (BMI) and Lee index were measured. Fasting blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, final liver and kidney weights, liver and kidney function tests (serum AST, ALT, serum urea and creatinine), serum TNF-α, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Mean ABP was measured. Histopathlogical examination of liver and kidney tissues was done.MSG induced a significant increase in final body weight, weight gain, BMI and Lee index in MSG neonatal and MSG adult rats. Significant increase in blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, leptin and TNF-α with significant decrease in serum TAC, liver and kidney functions were impaired in both MSG treated groups with histopathlogical alterations. Conclusion: MSG induced obesity, metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance and decreased antioxidant defense. MSG had a toxic effect on liver and kidneys and should be taken cautiously in diet especially for infants and children. Keywords","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82529129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.89323.1107
Nahed El-Sokkary, Alaaeldin Yusuf, R. Abdel-Moneim, Hanan Abdulrazeg, P. Hassaan
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) that have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, several studies have highlighted the protective role of vitamin D3 (VD3) and omega-3 fatty acids (O3-FAs) in CKDs. However, their effect on DN is still unclear. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of both VD3 and / or O3-FAs in slowing the progression of DN through their impact on indices of renal function, glycemic control, oxidative stress and markers of podocyte injury. Materials and methods: type I diabetes was induced in albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg). Rats received daily oral administration of VD3 and O3FAs separately and in combination for 6 weeks. Results: VD3 and O3-FAs therapy improved significantly hyperglycemia, renal function tests, with concomitant decrease in total urinary protein content, urinary nephrin, a marker of podocyte injury and renal oxidative stress. However, the combined therapy was superior in its effect over VD3 and O3-FAs separately. Such results were confirmed by renal cortical tissue assessment using light microscopic examination of H&E and PAS stains in addition to transmission-electron microscopy. Conclusions: VD3 and O3-FAs have a potential beneficial effect on amelioration of structural changes in pedicels and glomerular basement membrane that was reflected as evident renal functional restoration.
{"title":"The possible ameliorative effect of vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 fatty acids in a rat model of type I early diabetic nephropathy: A physiological and histological study","authors":"Nahed El-Sokkary, Alaaeldin Yusuf, R. Abdel-Moneim, Hanan Abdulrazeg, P. Hassaan","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.89323.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.89323.1107","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) that have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, several studies have highlighted the protective role of vitamin D3 (VD3) and omega-3 fatty acids (O3-FAs) in CKDs. However, their effect on DN is still unclear. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of both VD3 and / or O3-FAs in slowing the progression of DN through their impact on indices of renal function, glycemic control, oxidative stress and markers of podocyte injury. Materials and methods: type I diabetes was induced in albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg). Rats received daily oral administration of VD3 and O3FAs separately and in combination for 6 weeks. Results: VD3 and O3-FAs therapy improved significantly hyperglycemia, renal function tests, with concomitant decrease in total urinary protein content, urinary nephrin, a marker of podocyte injury and renal oxidative stress. However, the combined therapy was superior in its effect over VD3 and O3-FAs separately. Such results were confirmed by renal cortical tissue assessment using light microscopic examination of H&E and PAS stains in addition to transmission-electron microscopy. Conclusions: VD3 and O3-FAs have a potential beneficial effect on amelioration of structural changes in pedicels and glomerular basement membrane that was reflected as evident renal functional restoration.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74141198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.61041.1093
Hala Anwer, B. Hani, N. El-shaer, M. Allam
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing cause of liver morbidity and mortality globally with no proven effective therapy yet. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment on choline deficient (CD) diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) like lesions in rats, with the possible involvement of irisin in this effect. Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 equal groups; control group, vitamin D group, CD diet group, CD diet+ vitamin D group. It was found that CD diet led to significant elevations in liver weight and index, serum liver enzymes, hepatic triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers with significant decreases in serum 25-(OH) D3, irisin, hepatic antioxidants and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPAR–α). Administration of vitamin D caused a significant improvement in all previous parameters, these results were supported by histopathological examination. It seems that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced NAFLD induced by CD diet even in part due to irisin.
{"title":"Irisin contributes to the hepatoprotective effect of vitamin D in a choline deficient diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rat model.","authors":"Hala Anwer, B. Hani, N. El-shaer, M. Allam","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.61041.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.61041.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing cause of liver morbidity and mortality globally with no proven effective therapy yet. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment on choline deficient (CD) diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) like lesions in rats, with the possible involvement of irisin in this effect. Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 equal groups; control group, vitamin D group, CD diet group, CD diet+ vitamin D group. It was found that CD diet led to significant elevations in liver weight and index, serum liver enzymes, hepatic triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers with significant decreases in serum 25-(OH) D3, irisin, hepatic antioxidants and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPAR–α). Administration of vitamin D caused a significant improvement in all previous parameters, these results were supported by histopathological examination. It seems that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced NAFLD induced by CD diet even in part due to irisin.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81792078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2021.63175.1094
Yahya M. Naguib, Shaimaa M. Motawea, Omnia Ameen
Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) can be defined as rapid loss of liver functions even in the absence of pre-existing liver disorders. ALF is a medical emergency that necessitates hospitalization and, if not properly treated, a liver transplant may be the only cure. Herein, we studied the potential therapeutic effects of exogenous glutathione on drug-induced ALF. Materials: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into: control group (received only intra-peritoneal injection of distilled water), ciprofloxacin-treated group (received intra-peritoneal injection of 800 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 15 consequent days with concomitant intra-peritoneal injection of distilled water), and ciprofloxacin + glutathione-treated group (received intra-peritoneal injection of 800 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 15 consequent days with concomitant intra-peritoneal injection of 200 mg/kg/day glutathione). Measurement of serum ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities were performed, and hepatic gene expression of CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA was assessed. Results: Treatment with ciprofloxacin resulted in significant increase in ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities when compared to the control group. Ciprofloxacin also induced significant down-regulation of CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA gene expression when compared to the corresponding values in the control group. Glutathione administration significantly normalized ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities and up-regulated CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA gene expression. Conclusion: Glutathione could play potential therapeutic roles in the treatment of acute liver failure by preventing oxidative stress-induced disruption of hepatocyes cell membranes and alteration in cytochrome P450 and the antioxidant genes.
{"title":"Replenishing glutathione counters ciprofloxacin-induced acute liver failure via possible gene modifying mechanism","authors":"Yahya M. Naguib, Shaimaa M. Motawea, Omnia Ameen","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.63175.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.63175.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) can be defined as rapid loss of liver functions even in the absence of pre-existing liver disorders. ALF is a medical emergency that necessitates hospitalization and, if not properly treated, a liver transplant may be the only cure. Herein, we studied the potential therapeutic effects of exogenous glutathione on drug-induced ALF. Materials: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into: control group (received only intra-peritoneal injection of distilled water), ciprofloxacin-treated group (received intra-peritoneal injection of 800 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 15 consequent days with concomitant intra-peritoneal injection of distilled water), and ciprofloxacin + glutathione-treated group (received intra-peritoneal injection of 800 mg/kg/day ciprofloxacin for 15 consequent days with concomitant intra-peritoneal injection of 200 mg/kg/day glutathione). Measurement of serum ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities were performed, and hepatic gene expression of CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA was assessed. Results: Treatment with ciprofloxacin resulted in significant increase in ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities when compared to the control group. Ciprofloxacin also induced significant down-regulation of CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA gene expression when compared to the corresponding values in the control group. Glutathione administration significantly normalized ALT, AST, GGT and LDH enzymes activities and up-regulated CYP3A, GPx, GSR and Nrf2 mRNA gene expression. Conclusion: Glutathione could play potential therapeutic roles in the treatment of acute liver failure by preventing oxidative stress-induced disruption of hepatocyes cell membranes and alteration in cytochrome P450 and the antioxidant genes.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87070871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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