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A Two-Layer Approach to Developing Self-Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems in Open Environment 开放环境下自适应多智能体系统的两层开发方法
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2014010104
Xinjun Mao, Menggao Dong, Haibin Zhu
Development of self-adaptive systems situated in open and uncertain environments is a great challenge in the community of software engineering due to the unpredictability of environment changes and the variety of self-adaptation manners. Explicit specification of expected changes and various self-adaptations at design-time, an approach often adopted by developers, seems ineffective. This paper presents an agent-based approach that combines two-layer self-adaptation mechanisms and reinforcement learning together to support the development and running of self-adaptive systems. The approach takes self-adaptive systems as multi-agent organizations and enables the agent itself to make decisions on self-adaptation by learning at run-time and at different levels. The proposed self-adaptation mechanisms that are based on organization metaphors enable self-adaptation at two layers: fine-grain behavior level and coarse-grain organization level. Corresponding reinforcement learning algorithms on self-adaptation are designed and integrated with the two-layer self-adaptation mechanisms. This paper further details developmental technologies, based on the above approach, in establishing self-adaptive systems, including extended software architecture for self-adaptation, an implementation framework, and a development process. A case study and experiment evaluations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
由于环境变化的不可预测性和自适应方式的多样性,开发处于开放和不确定环境中的自适应系统是软件工程界面临的一个巨大挑战。开发人员经常采用的在设计时明确说明预期更改和各种自适应的方法似乎是无效的。本文提出了一种基于智能体的方法,将两层自适应机制和强化学习结合在一起,以支持自适应系统的开发和运行。该方法将自适应系统作为多智能体组织,通过运行时和不同层次的学习,使智能体自身能够做出自适应决策。本文提出的基于组织隐喻的自适应机制可以实现细粒度行为层和粗粒度组织层的自适应。设计了相应的自适应强化学习算法,并与两层自适应机制相结合。本文进一步详细介绍了基于上述方法建立自适应系统的开发技术,包括用于自适应的扩展软件体系结构、实现框架和开发过程。通过实例分析和实验评价,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 4
A Home Agent Initiated Handover Solution for Fine-Grained Offloading in Future Mobile Internet Architectures: Survey and Experimental Evaluation 一种面向未来移动互联网架构中细粒度卸载的归属代理启动切换解决方案:综述与实验评估
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2014010101
L. Bokor, J. Kovács, C. Szabó
The currently standardized IP Flow Mobility IFOM solution in 3GPP is strictly User Equipment UE centric as the operator must firstly deliver the flow routing policies to the UE, and then the UE must provide these policies to the Packet Data Network Gateway PGW. Network-based NB solutions try to eliminate the above limitations and create an operator centric flow management framework. This paper is committed to give an overview of existing offloading techniques, to introduce the power of network-based solutions, and to propose a MIPv6/DSMIPv6 based NB-IFOM scheme relying on Home Agent initiated flow binding and aiming to enable operators to enforce IP flow routing policies without involving the UE first, such making able the PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function to decide on the flow routing policy based on e.g., the available resources in the network, before signaling the policies to the UE. The authors have implemented their proposal, and performed an extensive evaluation in a hybrid real-emulated tested environment.
目前标准化的3GPP IP Flow Mobility IFOM解决方案严格以用户设备终端为中心,运营商必须先将流量路由策略下发到终端,终端再将这些策略提供给分组数据网关PGW。基于网络的NB解决方案试图消除上述限制,并创建一个以运营商为中心的流量管理框架。本文概述了现有的卸载技术,介绍了基于网络的解决方案的力量,并提出了一种基于MIPv6/DSMIPv6的NB-IFOM方案,该方案依赖于Home Agent发起的流绑定,旨在使运营商能够在不首先涉及UE的情况下执行IP流路由策略,从而使PCRF策略和收费规则功能能够根据例如网络中的可用资源来决定流路由策略。在向终端发送策略信令之前。作者已经实现了他们的建议,并在一个混合的真实模拟测试环境中进行了广泛的评估。
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引用次数: 2
From Text to Semantic Geodata Enrichment 从文本到语义地理数据丰富
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2014010102
Khaoula Mahmoudi, Sami Faïz
Geographically referenced information are captured, managed, analyzed and displayed by the geographic information system GIS. This information will help to better understand and analyze a host of human activities in an attempt to reach a more sustainable future. Moreover, these information are sometimes hardly available due to the cost entailed by the acquisition process and the maintenance. Hence, efforts are devoted to bring the interesting information with less cost. In this context, the authors propose an approach dedicated to the enrichment of the semantic aspect of geographic database GDB. The approach emerges from the agents' interaction in conformity with the multi-agents framework. It deals with an Interface agent, Task agents and Geographic ones. These agents are to process a corpus of documents related to the geographic entity at hand. This processing consists of extracting the essence of information from the managed corpus to enrich the GDB. These agents follow a pipelined approach consisting of the following stages: text fragmentation, thematic annotation, delegation and text filtering. Besides these basic stages, a refinement is to be performed in case of user unsatisfaction and this by exploring the spatial relationships.
地理信息系统GIS对地理参考信息进行捕获、管理、分析和显示。这些信息将有助于更好地理解和分析一系列人类活动,以期实现一个更可持续的未来。此外,由于获取过程和维护所需的费用,这些资料有时很难获得。因此,致力于以更低的成本带来有趣的信息。在这种情况下,作者提出了一种致力于丰富地理数据库GDB语义方面的方法。该方法是在多智能体框架下由智能体相互作用产生的。它处理接口代理、任务代理和地理代理。这些代理将处理与手头的地理实体有关的文件语料库。该处理包括从被管理语料库中提取信息的精华,以丰富GDB。这些代理遵循由以下阶段组成的流水线方法:文本碎片化、主题注释、委托和文本过滤。除了这些基本阶段,在用户不满意的情况下,通过探索空间关系进行细化。
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引用次数: 6
Multi-Agent Paradigm for Semantic Web Service in E-learning System 网络学习系统中语义Web服务的多智能体范式
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013100102
Sami A. M. Al-Radaei, R. B. Mishra
E-learning has become an alternative solution for the traditional learning. There is a need to manage the learning materials in e-learning environments in order to deliver it to learners according to their requirements. Semantic Web Services SWS aim at developing a machine understandable and common conceptual framework which share and accumulate concepts from different web service resources to meet a particular objective in question. Different SWS composition methods have been developed for different purposes and objectives. In this paper we have developed an Agent-based SWS composition method using two sets of agents i.e. Service Requester Agent SRA and Service Provider Agent SPA to represent the user's side and the solution side respectively for the problem of a course composition in e-learning systems. The SRA corresponds to requirements of different ebook/chapter and the SPA corresponds to books containing the relevant and required chapters in courseware. The course composition is primarily based on the important and relevant prime keywords in a courseware. Learning materials and other actors are described semantically in form of ontologies. Also, we present the use of reasoning rule to infer different relations between Agents, ebook/chapter and other actors in the proposed model.
网络学习已经成为传统学习的替代方案。有必要对电子学习环境中的学习材料进行管理,以便根据学习者的要求将其交付给学习者。语义Web服务SWS旨在开发一种机器可理解的公共概念框架,该框架共享和积累来自不同Web服务资源的概念,以满足特定的目标。针对不同的目的和目标,开发了不同的SWS合成方法。本文开发了一种基于Agent的SWS组合方法,使用两组Agent,即服务请求方Agent SRA和服务提供方Agent SPA分别代表用户方和解决方案方,来解决电子学习系统中的课程组合问题。SRA对应于不同电子书/章节的要求,SPA对应于课件中包含相关章节和所需章节的书籍。课程作文主要是基于课件中重要和相关的主要关键词。学习材料和其他参与者以本体的形式进行语义描述。此外,我们提出了使用推理规则来推断模型中agent、电子书/章节和其他参与者之间的不同关系。
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引用次数: 6
Discovering the Relationship Between DEA-Based Relative Financial Strength and Stock Price Performance 基于dea的相对财务实力与股票价格绩效关系研究
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013100101
Xin Zhang, Chanaka Edirisinghe
This paper examines the correlation between the relative financial strength of public firms and their stock price performance. By using financial information obtained from the firms' publicly available financial statement as inputs and outputs in Data Envelopment Analysis CCR model, a relative financial strength of a firm is determined relative to other competing firms operating in the same market segment. The aim here is to verify if such a strength index can be strongly positively correlated with the stock market returns, and to develop statistical tests that are necessary to establish the significance of that correlation. We present preliminary computational testing of the strength index with stocks from various industries and report the correlation analyses to support the validity of the approach. Based on the correlation, a well-informed assessment can be made for stock selection in investment portfolios.
本文考察了上市公司相对财务实力与其股价表现之间的相关性。在数据包络分析的CCR模型中,通过使用从企业的公开财务报表中获得的财务信息作为输入和输出,确定了企业相对于在同一细分市场中经营的其他竞争企业的相对财务实力。这里的目的是验证这种强度指数是否可以与股票市场收益强正相关,并开发必要的统计检验来建立这种相关性的显著性。我们用不同行业的股票对强度指数进行了初步的计算检验,并报告了相关分析来支持该方法的有效性。基于这种相关性,可以对投资组合中的股票选择做出明智的评估。
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引用次数: 3
Managing Stakeholder Concerns in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Information Systems 大规模多智能体信息系统中利益相关者关注的管理
Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013100104
Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid
Software agents' technology provides a variety of decision support tools for the improvement of emergency response processes. It improves information availability, automates tasks and enhances information accessibility and sharing. However, due to the heterogeneity of emergency response data and the diversity of stakeholders and accordingly their objectives, the identification and management of cross cutting concerns is looming very big. Over time, some software agent engineering methodologies are being used for the crystallization of cross cutting concerns and information requirements. This paper examines the limitations of such methodologies and proposes the use of system innovation concepts for the management of stakeholder concerns in the emergency response management system in Al Ahsaa area.
软件代理技术为改进应急响应过程提供了多种决策支持工具。它提高了信息的可用性,自动化了任务,增强了信息的可访问性和共享。然而,由于应急数据的异质性和利益攸关方及其目标的多样性,确定和管理跨领域关注的问题迫在眉睫。随着时间的推移,一些软件代理工程方法被用于横切关注点和信息需求的结晶。本文考察了这些方法的局限性,并提出了在Al Ahsaa地区应急响应管理系统中使用系统创新概念来管理利益相关者关注。
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引用次数: 4
Hierarchical Social Network Analysis Using a Multi-Agent System: A School System Case 基于多智能体系统的分层社会网络分析:一个学校系统案例
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013070102
Lizhu Ma, Xin Zhang
The quality of K-12 education has been a major concern in the nation for years. School systems, just like many other social networks, appear to have a hierarchical structure. Understanding this structure could be the key to better evaluating student performance and improving school quality. Many studies have been focusing on detecting hierarchical structure by using hierarchical clustering algorithms. The authors design an interaction-based similarity measure to accomplish hierarchical clustering in order to detect hierarchical structures in social networks e.g. school district networks. This method uses a multi-agent system, for it is based on agent interactions. With the network structure detected, they also built a model, which is based on the MAXQ algorithm, to decompose the funding policy task into subtasks and then evaluate these subtasks by using funding distribution policies from past years and looking for possible relationships between student performances and funding policies. For the experiment, the authors used real school data from Bexar county's 15 school districts in Texas. The first result shows that their interaction-based method is able to generate meaningful clustering and dendrograms for social networks. Additionally the authors' policy evaluation model is able to evaluate funding policies from the past three years in Bexar County and conclude that increasing funding does not necessarily have a positive impact on student performance and it is generally not the case that the more is spent, the better.
多年来,K-12教育的质量一直是美国关注的主要问题。学校系统,就像许多其他社会网络一样,似乎有一个等级结构。了解这种结构可能是更好地评估学生表现和提高学校质量的关键。许多研究都集中在利用层次聚类算法检测层次结构上。作者设计了一种基于交互的相似性度量来实现分层聚类,以检测社会网络中的分层结构,例如学区网络。该方法使用多智能体系统,因为它是基于智能体交互的。在检测到网络结构的基础上,他们还建立了一个基于MAXQ算法的模型,将资助政策任务分解为子任务,然后利用过去几年的资助分配政策对这些子任务进行评估,寻找学生成绩与资助政策之间可能存在的关系。在实验中,作者使用了德克萨斯州贝尔县15个学区的真实学校数据。第一个结果表明,他们基于交互的方法能够为社交网络生成有意义的聚类和树形图。此外,作者的政策评估模型能够评估贝尔县过去三年的资助政策,并得出结论,增加资助并不一定对学生的表现产生积极影响,通常情况下并不是花得越多越好。
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引用次数: 7
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms: The Design and Evaluation of Command and Control Strategies using Agent-Based Modeling 无人机群:基于智能体建模的指挥控制策略设计与评估
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013070101
Alexander G. Madey
Unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs are being widely used for both military and civilian purposes. The advent of smaller, lighter, less expensive UAVs opens opportunities to deploy a large number of small, semi-autonomous UAVs in a cohesive group or "swarm". Swarms offer numerous advantages over single UAVs, such as higher coverage, redundancy in numbers and reduced long-range bandwidth requirements. Engineering a swarm requires designing the swarming behavior and finding effective ways to control the behavior so that the swarm can be directed to complete its mission. This paper presents an approach to developing UAV swarming behaviors and command and control C2 strategies to govern them. The agent-based modeling toolkit NetLogo is used to create two mission types: contaminant plume mapping and vessel tracking. Performance metrics are used to evaluate success as parameters are changed. This research demonstrates the potential usefulness of agent-based modeling in the engineering of UAV swarms.
无人驾驶飞行器(uav)被广泛用于军事和民用目的。更小、更轻、更便宜的无人机的出现,为在一个有凝聚力的群体或“群”中部署大量小型、半自主的无人机提供了机会。与单个无人机相比,蜂群具有许多优势,例如更高的覆盖范围、数量冗余和更低的远程带宽需求。设计一个蜂群需要设计蜂群的行为,并找到有效的方法来控制行为,这样蜂群就可以被引导去完成它的任务。提出了一种发展无人机蜂群行为的方法和指挥控制C2策略。基于代理的建模工具包NetLogo用于创建两种任务类型:污染物羽流映射和船舶跟踪。当参数改变时,性能指标用于评估成功。该研究证明了基于智能体的建模在无人机群工程中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 5
Dynamics of Affect and Cognition in Simulated Agents: Bridging the Gap between Experimental and Simulation Research 模拟代理人的情感和认知动力学:弥合实验和模拟研究之间的差距
Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jats.2013040104
Rubén Mancha, C. Yoder, J. Clark
The purpose of this article is to propose a simulation framework combining Soft-System Methodology, System Dynamics, and the Cognitive Affective Personality System model, to facilitate the design and development of agents (e.g., agent based models, software agents) with interacting affective and cognitive units. A review of the literature supports the building of a third-order positive causal-loop model between the constructs Affectivity, Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Task Complexity. The model is evaluated to exemplify the use of this framework to study affective states in simulated agents. The behavior of the model is consistent with previous research, corroborating its utility as a tool for endowing complex agents in simulations with mechanisms of human affectivity, and as a computational artifact to develop affective computing systems. The framework, incorporating soft-constructs into simulation models and supporting the study of their process-based (dynamic) interactions, serves to bridge the gap between experimental and simulation research. The limitations of the approach and directions for future research are also discussed. Dynamics of Affect and Cognition in Simulated Agents: Bridging the Gap between Experimental and Simulation Research
本文的目的是提出一个结合软系统方法论、系统动力学和认知情感人格系统模型的仿真框架,以促进情感和认知单元相互作用的智能体(如基于智能体的模型、软件智能体)的设计和开发。通过对文献的回顾,支持在情感、自我效能和感知任务复杂性三者之间建立三阶正向因果循环模型。对该模型进行了评估,以举例说明使用该框架来研究模拟代理的情感状态。该模型的行为与先前的研究一致,证实了其作为赋予复杂代理模拟人类情感机制的工具的实用性,以及作为开发情感计算系统的计算工件。该框架将软结构整合到仿真模型中,并支持其基于过程的(动态)交互研究,有助于弥合实验和仿真研究之间的差距。本文还讨论了该方法的局限性和未来的研究方向。模拟代理人的情感和认知动力学:弥合实验和模拟研究之间的差距
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引用次数: 5
A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Internet-Based Teleoperation Systems 基于internet的远程操作系统协同多智能体框架
Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jats.2013040102
N. Cheaib, S. Otmane, M. Mallem
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
它是一个多学科的开放获取档案,用于科学研究文件的存储和传播,无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构,也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。
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引用次数: 2
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International journal of agent technologies and systems
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