Autonomous agents, by definition, have the freedom to make their own decisions. Rational agents execute actions that are in their "best interests" according to their desires. Action selection is complicated due to uncertainty when operating in a dynamic environment or where other agents can also influence the environment. This paper presents an action selection framework and algorithms that are rational with respect to multiple desires and responsive to changing desires. Coordination is layered on top of this framework by describing and analyzing how commitments affect the agents' desires in their action selection models. Commitments may have a positive or a negative effect on an agent's ability to satisfy its desires. This research uses simulation in the domain of UAV surveillance to experimentally explore the balance between under-commitment and over-commitment.
{"title":"Simulating UAV Surveillance for Analyzing Impact of Commitments in Multi-Agent Systems","authors":"David C. Han, Suzanne Barber","doi":"10.4018/jats.2012010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2012010101","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous agents, by definition, have the freedom to make their own decisions. Rational agents execute actions that are in their \"best interests\" according to their desires. Action selection is complicated due to uncertainty when operating in a dynamic environment or where other agents can also influence the environment. This paper presents an action selection framework and algorithms that are rational with respect to multiple desires and responsive to changing desires. Coordination is layered on top of this framework by describing and analyzing how commitments affect the agents' desires in their action selection models. Commitments may have a positive or a negative effect on an agent's ability to satisfy its desires. This research uses simulation in the domain of UAV surveillance to experimentally explore the balance between under-commitment and over-commitment.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82647668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-16DOI: 10.4018/ijats.2013100103
B. Sathish Babu, K. Bhargavi, Pallapa Venkatarm
Integrated Wireless Networks IWN is an important area of today's research because of its application in comprehensive services like battlefield surveillance, traffic avoidance and control systems, mobile health monitoring, biological detection and agricultural fields, structural health monitoring, Computer-assisted rehabilitation and therapy, tele-robotic surgery, etc. IWNs are employed to collect voluminous data from different types of networks and correlate them to provide critical medical services with high reliability and efficiency. This paper proposes an architecture which uses Cognitive Agents CAs along with Behavior-Observation-Belief BOB model in the area of Remote Health Monitoring RHM, in order to provide better QoS by reducing the latency. The analytical modeling and simulation of the proposed system shows that, there is a considerable reduction in latency compared to the existing Multi-Agent based m-Health Care system.
{"title":"CAs-Based QoS Scheme for Remote Health Monitoring","authors":"B. Sathish Babu, K. Bhargavi, Pallapa Venkatarm","doi":"10.4018/ijats.2013100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2013100103","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Wireless Networks IWN is an important area of today's research because of its application in comprehensive services like battlefield surveillance, traffic avoidance and control systems, mobile health monitoring, biological detection and agricultural fields, structural health monitoring, Computer-assisted rehabilitation and therapy, tele-robotic surgery, etc. IWNs are employed to collect voluminous data from different types of networks and correlate them to provide critical medical services with high reliability and efficiency. This paper proposes an architecture which uses Cognitive Agents CAs along with Behavior-Observation-Belief BOB model in the area of Remote Health Monitoring RHM, in order to provide better QoS by reducing the latency. The analytical modeling and simulation of the proposed system shows that, there is a considerable reduction in latency compared to the existing Multi-Agent based m-Health Care system.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75859998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJATS.2011100103
D. Lim, P. Anthony, Chong Mun Ho
The introduction of online auction has resulted in a rich collection of problems and issues especially in the bidding process. During the bidding process, bidders have to monitor multiple auction houses, pick from the many auctions to participate in and make the right bid. If bidders are able to predict the closing price for each auction, then they are able to make a better decision making on the time, place and the amount they can bid for an item. However, predicting closing price for an auction is not easy since it is dependent on many factors such as the behavior of each bidder, the number of the bidders participating in that auction as well as each bidder's reservation price. This paper reports on the development of a predictor agent that utilizes Grey System Theory GM 1, 1 to predict the online auction closing price in order to maximize the bidder's profit. The performance of this agent is compared with an Artificial Neural Network Predictor Agent using Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Prediction Model. The effectiveness of these two agents is evaluated in a simulated auction environment as well as using real eBay auction's data.
{"title":"The Performance of Grey System Agent and ANN Agent in Predicting Closing Prices for Online Auctions","authors":"D. Lim, P. Anthony, Chong Mun Ho","doi":"10.4018/IJATS.2011100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJATS.2011100103","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of online auction has resulted in a rich collection of problems and issues especially in the bidding process. During the bidding process, bidders have to monitor multiple auction houses, pick from the many auctions to participate in and make the right bid. If bidders are able to predict the closing price for each auction, then they are able to make a better decision making on the time, place and the amount they can bid for an item. However, predicting closing price for an auction is not easy since it is dependent on many factors such as the behavior of each bidder, the number of the bidders participating in that auction as well as each bidder's reservation price. This paper reports on the development of a predictor agent that utilizes Grey System Theory GM 1, 1 to predict the online auction closing price in order to maximize the bidder's profit. The performance of this agent is compared with an Artificial Neural Network Predictor Agent using Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Prediction Model. The effectiveness of these two agents is evaluated in a simulated auction environment as well as using real eBay auction's data.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"146 1","pages":"37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76611071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of infrequent price changes has troubled economists for decades. Intuitively one feels that for most price-setters there exists a range of inaction, i.e., a substantial measure of the states of the world, within which they do not wish to modify prevailing prices. Economists wishing to maintain rationality of price-setters resorted to fixed price adjustment costs as an explanation for price rigidity. This paper proposes an alternative explanation, without recourse to any sort of physical adjustment cost, by putting strategic interaction into the center-stage of the analysis. Price-making is treated as a repeated oligopoly game. The traditional analysis of these games cannot pinpoint any equilibrium as a reasonable "solution" of the strategic situation. Thus, decision-makers have a genuine strategic uncertainty about the strategies of other decision-makers. Hesitation may lead to inaction. To model this situation, the authors follow the style of agent-based models, by modeling firms that change their pricing strategies following an evolutionary algorithm. In addition to reproducing the known negative relationship between price rigidity and the level of general inflation, the model exhibits several features observed in real data. Moreover, most prices fall into the theoretical "range" without explicitly building this property into strategies.
{"title":"Price Rigidity and Strategic Uncertainty: An Agent-Based Approach","authors":"R. Somogyi, J. Vincze","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011100104","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of infrequent price changes has troubled economists for decades. Intuitively one feels that for most price-setters there exists a range of inaction, i.e., a substantial measure of the states of the world, within which they do not wish to modify prevailing prices. Economists wishing to maintain rationality of price-setters resorted to fixed price adjustment costs as an explanation for price rigidity. This paper proposes an alternative explanation, without recourse to any sort of physical adjustment cost, by putting strategic interaction into the center-stage of the analysis. Price-making is treated as a repeated oligopoly game. The traditional analysis of these games cannot pinpoint any equilibrium as a reasonable \"solution\" of the strategic situation. Thus, decision-makers have a genuine strategic uncertainty about the strategies of other decision-makers. Hesitation may lead to inaction. To model this situation, the authors follow the style of agent-based models, by modeling firms that change their pricing strategies following an evolutionary algorithm. In addition to reproducing the known negative relationship between price rigidity and the level of general inflation, the model exhibits several features observed in real data. Moreover, most prices fall into the theoretical \"range\" without explicitly building this property into strategies.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77633933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sign-based stigmergic methods such as the ant colony optimization algorithm have been used to solve network optimization, scheduling problems, and other optimization problems that can be visualized as directed graphs. However, there has been little research focused on the use of optimization methods based on sematectonic stigmergy, such as coordination through collective construction. This paper develops a novel approach where the process of agent-directed stigmergic construction is introduced as a general optimization tool. The development of this new approach involves adopting previous work on stigmergic construction to a virtual space and applying statistical mechanics-based techniques to data produced during the stigmergic construction process. From this a unique procedure for solving optimization problems using a computational procedure that simulates sematectonic stigmergic processes such as stigmergic construction is proposed.
{"title":"Initial Formulation of an Optimization Method Based on Stigmergic Construction","authors":"A. Velivelli, K. Bryden","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011100102","url":null,"abstract":"Sign-based stigmergic methods such as the ant colony optimization algorithm have been used to solve network optimization, scheduling problems, and other optimization problems that can be visualized as directed graphs. However, there has been little research focused on the use of optimization methods based on sematectonic stigmergy, such as coordination through collective construction. This paper develops a novel approach where the process of agent-directed stigmergic construction is introduced as a general optimization tool. The development of this new approach involves adopting previous work on stigmergic construction to a virtual space and applying statistical mechanics-based techniques to data produced during the stigmergic construction process. From this a unique procedure for solving optimization problems using a computational procedure that simulates sematectonic stigmergic processes such as stigmergic construction is proposed.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norms have an obvious role in the coordinating and predicting behaviours in societies of software agents. Most researchers assume that agents already know the norms of their societies beforehand at design time. Others assume that norms are assigned by a leader or a legislator. Some researchers take into account the acquisition of societies' norms through inference. Their works apply to closed multi-agent societies in which the agents have identical or similar internal architecture for representing norms. This paper addresses three things: 1 the idea of a Verification Component that was previously used to verify candidate norms in multi-agent societies, 2 a known modification of the Verification Component that makes it applicable in open multi-agent societies, and 3 a modification of the Verification Component, so that agents can dynamically infer the new emerged and abrogated norms in open multi-agent societies. Using the JADE software framework, we build a restaurant interaction scenario as an example where restaurants usually host heterogeneous agents, and demonstrate how permission and prohibition of behavior can be identified by agents using dynamic norms.
{"title":"Norms of Behaviour and Their Identification and Verification in Open Multi-Agent Societies","authors":"Wagdi Alrawagfeh, Edward Brown, M. Mata-Montero","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011070101","url":null,"abstract":"Norms have an obvious role in the coordinating and predicting behaviours in societies of software agents. Most researchers assume that agents already know the norms of their societies beforehand at design time. Others assume that norms are assigned by a leader or a legislator. Some researchers take into account the acquisition of societies' norms through inference. Their works apply to closed multi-agent societies in which the agents have identical or similar internal architecture for representing norms. This paper addresses three things: 1 the idea of a Verification Component that was previously used to verify candidate norms in multi-agent societies, 2 a known modification of the Verification Component that makes it applicable in open multi-agent societies, and 3 a modification of the Verification Component, so that agents can dynamically infer the new emerged and abrogated norms in open multi-agent societies. Using the JADE software framework, we build a restaurant interaction scenario as an example where restaurants usually host heterogeneous agents, and demonstrate how permission and prohibition of behavior can be identified by agents using dynamic norms.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78017165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria is a vector-borne illness affecting millions of lives annually and imposes a heavy financial burden felt worldwide. Moreover, there is growing concern that global climate change, in particular, rising temperature, will increase this burden. As such, policy makers are in need of tools capable of informing them about the potential strengths and weaknesses of intervention and control strategies. A previously developed agent-based model of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito is extended, one of the primary vectors of malaria, to investigate how changes in temperature influence the dynamics of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of a common malaria intervention: insecticide-treated nets ITNs. Results from the simulations suggest two important findings. Consistent with previous studies, an increase in mosquito abundance as temperature increases is observed. However, the increase in mosquito abundance reduces the effectiveness of ITNs at a given coverage level. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Temperature Change on the Effectiveness of Insecticide-Treated Nets","authors":"Gregory J. Davis","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011070103","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a vector-borne illness affecting millions of lives annually and imposes a heavy financial burden felt worldwide. Moreover, there is growing concern that global climate change, in particular, rising temperature, will increase this burden. As such, policy makers are in need of tools capable of informing them about the potential strengths and weaknesses of intervention and control strategies. A previously developed agent-based model of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito is extended, one of the primary vectors of malaria, to investigate how changes in temperature influence the dynamics of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of a common malaria intervention: insecticide-treated nets ITNs. Results from the simulations suggest two important findings. Consistent with previous studies, an increase in mosquito abundance as temperature increases is observed. However, the increase in mosquito abundance reduces the effectiveness of ITNs at a given coverage level. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"35-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85421135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden WHO, 2004. Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission holoendemic areas still exist Molineaux et al., 1980. To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.
{"title":"A Framework for Modeling Genetically-Aware Mosquito Vectors for Sterile Insect Technique","authors":"J. E. Gentile, Samuel S. C. Rund","doi":"10.4018/JATS.2011070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/JATS.2011070104","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden WHO, 2004. Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission holoendemic areas still exist Molineaux et al., 1980. To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"139 S252","pages":"49-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72407761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In agent-based modeling ABM, an explicit spatial representation may be required for certain aspects of the system to be modeled realistically. A spatial ABM includes landscapes in which agents seek resources necessary for their survival. The spatial heterogeneity of the underlying landscape plays a crucial role in the resource-seeking process. This study describes a previous agent-based model of malaria, and the modeling of its spatial extension. In both models, all mosquito agents are represented individually. In the new spatial model, the agents also possess explicit spatial information. Within a landscape, adult female mosquito agents search for two types of resources: aquatic habitats AHs and bloodmeal locations BMLs. These resources are specified within different spatial patterns, or landscapes. Model verification between the non-spatial and spatial models by means of docking is examined. Using different landscapes, the authors show that mosquito abundance remains unchanged. With the same overall system capacity, varying the density of resources in a landscape does not affect abundance. When the density of resources is constant, the overall capacity drives the system. For the spatial model, using landscapes with different resource densities of both resource-types, the authors show that spatial heterogeneity influences the mosquito population.
{"title":"A Spatial Agent-Based Model of Malaria: Model Verification and Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity","authors":"S. M. Niaz Arifin, Gregory J. Davis, Ying Zhou","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011070102","url":null,"abstract":"In agent-based modeling ABM, an explicit spatial representation may be required for certain aspects of the system to be modeled realistically. A spatial ABM includes landscapes in which agents seek resources necessary for their survival. The spatial heterogeneity of the underlying landscape plays a crucial role in the resource-seeking process. This study describes a previous agent-based model of malaria, and the modeling of its spatial extension. In both models, all mosquito agents are represented individually. In the new spatial model, the agents also possess explicit spatial information. Within a landscape, adult female mosquito agents search for two types of resources: aquatic habitats AHs and bloodmeal locations BMLs. These resources are specified within different spatial patterns, or landscapes. Model verification between the non-spatial and spatial models by means of docking is examined. Using different landscapes, the authors show that mosquito abundance remains unchanged. With the same overall system capacity, varying the density of resources in a landscape does not affect abundance. When the density of resources is constant, the overall capacity drives the system. For the spatial model, using landscapes with different resource densities of both resource-types, the authors show that spatial heterogeneity influences the mosquito population.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91337270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decision making in models of activity and travel behaviour is usually individual-based and focuses on outcomes rather than the decision process. Using agent-based modelling techniques and incorporating interaction protocols into the model can assist in modelling decision-making in more detail. This paper describes an agent-based model of social activity generation and scheduling, in which utility-based agents interact with each other to schedule activities. Six different protocols are tested. The authors show that the model outcomes reflect minor changes in the protocol, while changing the order of the protocol leads to significantly different outcomes, hence the protocol plays a large role in the simulation results and should be studied in more detail.
{"title":"The Effects of Different Interaction Protocols in Agent-Based Simulation of Social Activities","authors":"Nicole Ronald, T. Arentze, H. Timmermans","doi":"10.4018/jats.2011040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011040102","url":null,"abstract":"Decision making in models of activity and travel behaviour is usually individual-based and focuses on outcomes rather than the decision process. Using agent-based modelling techniques and incorporating interaction protocols into the model can assist in modelling decision-making in more detail. This paper describes an agent-based model of social activity generation and scheduling, in which utility-based agents interact with each other to schedule activities. Six different protocols are tested. The authors show that the model outcomes reflect minor changes in the protocol, while changing the order of the protocol leads to significantly different outcomes, hence the protocol plays a large role in the simulation results and should be studied in more detail.","PeriodicalId":93648,"journal":{"name":"International journal of agent technologies and systems","volume":"75 1","pages":"18-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83134122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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