Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.4103/bnm.bnm_17_24
Sara Pinto Barbosa, Ygor Nascimento Junqueira, Milena Apetito Akamatsu, Lucas Murrins Marques, Adriano Teixeira, Matheus Lobo, Mohamed H Mahmoud, Walid E Omer, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Felipe Fregni
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) remains a significant clinical challenge, with complex neurophysiological underpinnings that are not fully understood. Identifying specific neural oscillatory patterns related to pain perception and interference can enhance our understanding and management of CNP. To analyze resting electroencephalography data from individuals with chronic neuropathic pain to explore the possible neural signatures associated with pain intensity, pain interference, and specific neuropathic pain characteristics. We conducted a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study using electroencephalography data from a previous study, and Brief Pain Inventory from 36 patients with chronic neuropathic pain. For statistical analysis, we modeled a linear or logistic regression by dependent variable for each model. As independent variables, we used electroencephalography data with such brain oscillations: as delta, theta, alpha, and beta, as well as the oscillations low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta, for the central, frontal, and parietal regions. All models tested for confounding factors such as age and medication. There were no significant models for Pain interference in general activity, walking, work, relationships, sleep, and enjoyment of life. However, the model for pain intensity during the past four weeks showed decreased alpha oscillations, and increased delta and theta oscillations were associated with decreased levels of pain, especially in the central area. In terms of pain interference in mood, the model showed high oscillatory Alpha signals in the frontal and central regions correlated with mood impairment due to pain. Our models confirm recent findings proposing that lower oscillatory frequencies, likely related to subcortical pain sources, may be associated with brain compensatory mechanisms and thus may be associated with decreased pain levels. On the other hand, higher frequencies, including alpha oscillations, may disrupt top-down compensatory mechanisms.
{"title":"Resting-state electroencephalography delta and theta bands as compensatory oscillations in chronic neuropathic pain: a secondary data analysis.","authors":"Sara Pinto Barbosa, Ygor Nascimento Junqueira, Milena Apetito Akamatsu, Lucas Murrins Marques, Adriano Teixeira, Matheus Lobo, Mohamed H Mahmoud, Walid E Omer, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Felipe Fregni","doi":"10.4103/bnm.bnm_17_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/bnm.bnm_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) remains a significant clinical challenge, with complex neurophysiological underpinnings that are not fully understood. Identifying specific neural oscillatory patterns related to pain perception and interference can enhance our understanding and management of CNP. To analyze resting electroencephalography data from individuals with chronic neuropathic pain to explore the possible neural signatures associated with pain intensity, pain interference, and specific neuropathic pain characteristics. We conducted a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study using electroencephalography data from a previous study, and Brief Pain Inventory from 36 patients with chronic neuropathic pain. For statistical analysis, we modeled a linear or logistic regression by dependent variable for each model. As independent variables, we used electroencephalography data with such brain oscillations: as delta, theta, alpha, and beta, as well as the oscillations low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta, for the central, frontal, and parietal regions. All models tested for confounding factors such as age and medication. There were no significant models for Pain interference in general activity, walking, work, relationships, sleep, and enjoyment of life. However, the model for pain intensity during the past four weeks showed decreased alpha oscillations, and increased delta and theta oscillations were associated with decreased levels of pain, especially in the central area. In terms of pain interference in mood, the model showed high oscillatory Alpha signals in the frontal and central regions correlated with mood impairment due to pain. <i>O</i>ur models confirm recent findings proposing that lower oscillatory frequencies, likely related to subcortical pain sources, may be associated with brain compensatory mechanisms and thus may be associated with decreased pain levels. On the other hand, higher frequencies, including alpha oscillations, may disrupt top-down compensatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.379339
Ying-jiu Zhai, Y Mukish Yelanchezian, A. Kwakowsky
Caffeine is the most commonly used stimulant drug in the world. Increasing evidence has indicated that caffeine may have a neuroprotective effect in delaying the onset or treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the progression of AD, accelerated memory loss and cognitive decline are accompanied by two neuropathological hallmarks, the accumulation of amyloid- and tau proteins. The long incubation nature of AD before definitive diagnosis combined with extended duration of life spent with illness contribute significantly to the public health burden, as patients spend much of their end life in a state of severe disability and heavy dependence. Moreover, current drug treatments only provide marginal benefits, creating an urgent need for developing new therapeutic options. There is supportive evidence from clinical trials that caffeine has neuroprotective properties against dementia and AD, but more research is needed to strengthen and confirm these observations. This mini-review presents a short synopsis of the effect of caffeine/coffee on cognition and Alzheimer's disease by evaluating a substantial basis of clinical trials that are related to this topic.
{"title":"Is caffeine a potential therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer's disease?","authors":"Ying-jiu Zhai, Y Mukish Yelanchezian, A. Kwakowsky","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.379339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.379339","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine is the most commonly used stimulant drug in the world. Increasing evidence has indicated that caffeine may have a neuroprotective effect in delaying the onset or treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the progression of AD, accelerated memory loss and cognitive decline are accompanied by two neuropathological hallmarks, the accumulation of amyloid- and tau proteins. The long incubation nature of AD before definitive diagnosis combined with extended duration of life spent with illness contribute significantly to the public health burden, as patients spend much of their end life in a state of severe disability and heavy dependence. Moreover, current drug treatments only provide marginal benefits, creating an urgent need for developing new therapeutic options. There is supportive evidence from clinical trials that caffeine has neuroprotective properties against dementia and AD, but more research is needed to strengthen and confirm these observations. This mini-review presents a short synopsis of the effect of caffeine/coffee on cognition and Alzheimer's disease by evaluating a substantial basis of clinical trials that are related to this topic.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78640863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.379338
Patricia González-Tarno, M. Navas-García, I. Torio, J. Fernández-Alén, C. Torres
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence (2–3%) worldwide, of which 30% will be refractory to conventional treatment. Surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2009, seems to be effective in symptomatic control, with response rates exceeding 50% in severely affected patients. However, despite the efficacy indicated in the different studies, surgical treatments for psychiatric disorders are still controversial, and deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder is not yet considered a standard therapy. Since 2009, a wide variety of targets have been suggested for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, to date, there is still no consensus on which target might be optimal for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. On one hand, authors are trying to find the best target based on each patient and the variability of their symptoms, in an attempt to personalize the treatment. In parallel, there has been a shift in the paradigm of functional neurosurgery from the belief in stimulation focusing on a single target to the modulation of brain circuits or connectomes. With this in mind, it may be possible that many of the targets used in obsessive-compulsive disorder could modulate the same brain network and thus produce an improvement in patients' symptomatology. This study aims to review the evolution of this treatment up to the present time; as well as to make a comparison between these two lines of thought, thus exposing the current state of deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: current situation","authors":"Patricia González-Tarno, M. Navas-García, I. Torio, J. Fernández-Alén, C. Torres","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.379338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.379338","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence (2–3%) worldwide, of which 30% will be refractory to conventional treatment. Surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2009, seems to be effective in symptomatic control, with response rates exceeding 50% in severely affected patients. However, despite the efficacy indicated in the different studies, surgical treatments for psychiatric disorders are still controversial, and deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder is not yet considered a standard therapy. Since 2009, a wide variety of targets have been suggested for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, to date, there is still no consensus on which target might be optimal for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. On one hand, authors are trying to find the best target based on each patient and the variability of their symptoms, in an attempt to personalize the treatment. In parallel, there has been a shift in the paradigm of functional neurosurgery from the belief in stimulation focusing on a single target to the modulation of brain circuits or connectomes. With this in mind, it may be possible that many of the targets used in obsessive-compulsive disorder could modulate the same brain network and thus produce an improvement in patients' symptomatology. This study aims to review the evolution of this treatment up to the present time; as well as to make a comparison between these two lines of thought, thus exposing the current state of deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72833428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.379340
Sergey Gulyaev, V. Lelyuk
Knowledge about the rhythmic activity of neural networks associated with the implementation of a particular brain function can be used to construct diagnostic systems for objective analyses of cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to identify specific frequency-based electroencephalogram phenomena associated with speech processing. The study included data from 40 clinically healthy volunteers aged 30 to 50 years (median 32.5 years), including 23 men and 17 women. While listening to a speech stimulus, changes in bioelectrical activity over the speech centers were recorded in 23 subjects (58%). During active speech production, similar changes were recorded in 12 subjects (30%). A pairwise comparison of electroencephalogram frequencies recorded during background recording and listening to the stimuli revealed statistically significant differences in changes in rhythmic activity over Broca’s area during listening and over Wernicke's area during active speech production, while changes in rhythmic activity over Broca’s area during active speech production and over Wernicke's area during listening were less significant. The most characteristic changes in the bioelectrical activity over the speech centers during listening and speaking were fluctuations with a frequency (on average) of 17.5–17.7 Hz. This may reflect a specific electroencephalogram rhythm associated with activity in the speech areas of the brain, which could allow these regions to be more accurately identified during auditory-verbal processing.
{"title":"Neurophysiological isolation of individual rhythmic brain activity arising from auditory-speech load","authors":"Sergey Gulyaev, V. Lelyuk","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.379340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.379340","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the rhythmic activity of neural networks associated with the implementation of a particular brain function can be used to construct diagnostic systems for objective analyses of cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to identify specific frequency-based electroencephalogram phenomena associated with speech processing. The study included data from 40 clinically healthy volunteers aged 30 to 50 years (median 32.5 years), including 23 men and 17 women. While listening to a speech stimulus, changes in bioelectrical activity over the speech centers were recorded in 23 subjects (58%). During active speech production, similar changes were recorded in 12 subjects (30%). A pairwise comparison of electroencephalogram frequencies recorded during background recording and listening to the stimuli revealed statistically significant differences in changes in rhythmic activity over Broca’s area during listening and over Wernicke's area during active speech production, while changes in rhythmic activity over Broca’s area during active speech production and over Wernicke's area during listening were less significant. The most characteristic changes in the bioelectrical activity over the speech centers during listening and speaking were fluctuations with a frequency (on average) of 17.5–17.7 Hz. This may reflect a specific electroencephalogram rhythm associated with activity in the speech areas of the brain, which could allow these regions to be more accurately identified during auditory-verbal processing.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74269324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.14710/mdl.23.1.2023.1-9
Nimas Sekarlangit, Prasasto Satwiko
Pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2020 memaksa seluruh penduduk bumi, termasuk Indonesia untuk menjalani kebiasaan hidup baru. Para ahli yang berkompeten menyatakan bahwa pandemi zoonosis yang terus berulang terkait erat dengan konsumsi manusia pada hewan liar dan ternak. Sebenarnya sumber pangan nabati telah terbukti dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi lengkap manusia. Arsitektur nabati nusantara adalah bentuk arsitektur yang menggabungkan wadah aktivitas manusia dengan tanaman pangan dalam konteks lokal. Arsitektur nabati menawarkan pemecahan terpadu dan komprehensif terhadap masalah pencegahan berulangnya pandemi zoonosis, pencukupan nutrisi, keanekaragaman hayati, serta kualitas lingkungan hidup perkotaan. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode terbaru dengan menggali informasi terkini yang berhubungan dengan COVID 19 dan membahas benang merah antara pandemi dan desain arsitektur nabati. Sebagai objek studi yaitu karya mahasiswa dan arsitek profesional dalam menanggapi ide pertanian perkotaan. Hasil pembahasan menemukan bahwa Arsitektur Nabati mampu menjadi upaya mitigasi awal terhadap bencana pandemi dengan memberikan kualitas udara dan pencahayaan yang baik bagi ruang dan mampu menyehatkan penghuninya serta memberikan ketahanan pangan akibat keterbatasan lahan
{"title":"ARSITEKTUR NABATI : RESPON RUANG PASKA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA","authors":"Nimas Sekarlangit, Prasasto Satwiko","doi":"10.14710/mdl.23.1.2023.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/mdl.23.1.2023.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2020 memaksa seluruh penduduk bumi, termasuk Indonesia untuk menjalani kebiasaan hidup baru. Para ahli yang berkompeten menyatakan bahwa pandemi zoonosis yang terus berulang terkait erat dengan konsumsi manusia pada hewan liar dan ternak. Sebenarnya sumber pangan nabati telah terbukti dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi lengkap manusia. Arsitektur nabati nusantara adalah bentuk arsitektur yang menggabungkan wadah aktivitas manusia dengan tanaman pangan dalam konteks lokal. Arsitektur nabati menawarkan pemecahan terpadu dan komprehensif terhadap masalah pencegahan berulangnya pandemi zoonosis, pencukupan nutrisi, keanekaragaman hayati, serta kualitas lingkungan hidup perkotaan. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode terbaru dengan menggali informasi terkini yang berhubungan dengan COVID 19 dan membahas benang merah antara pandemi dan desain arsitektur nabati. Sebagai objek studi yaitu karya mahasiswa dan arsitek profesional dalam menanggapi ide pertanian perkotaan. Hasil pembahasan menemukan bahwa Arsitektur Nabati mampu menjadi upaya mitigasi awal terhadap bencana pandemi dengan memberikan kualitas udara dan pencahayaan yang baik bagi ruang dan mampu menyehatkan penghuninya serta memberikan ketahanan pangan akibat keterbatasan lahan","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74167101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.372306
Xiao-Lin Li, Xiao-Dan Liu, Bo Chen, Zhixing Zhou, Chun-Lei Shan
Post-stroke cognitive impairment refers to the cognitive impairment caused by stroke. Unilateral spatial neglect is the main symptom and results in remarkably lower independence in activities of daily living and participation. Recent studies suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have a positive effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment, but no relevant systematic review has been conducted on post-stroke cognitive impairment, especially unilateral spatial neglect. Therefore, relevant studies on rTMS in the treatment of post-stroke were collected and analyzed by systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether rTMS can improve the cognitive function of patients, especially post-stroke unilateral spatial neglect, to provide reliable evidence for rTMS intervention. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO databases, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched up to February 3, 2021. Three authors screened the reviews and independently assessed their methodological quality using the Jadad scale. The number of studies finally pooled was 28, and the sample size was 819. In the overall cognition function, the efficacy of the intervention group was superior to that of the control group. This meta-analysis result indicated that rTMS influences unilateral spatial neglect. rTMS was effective in improving patients’ activities of daily living. Subgroup analysis showed the preferred items in selecting frequency pulses and session. Furthermore, rTMS could not improve unilateral spatial neglect with an onset time of less than 1 month and over 1 month. This meta-analysis shows that rTMS intervention may be a promising way to treat post-stroke cognitive impairment.
脑卒中后认知功能障碍是指脑卒中引起的认知功能障碍。单侧空间忽视是主要症状，导致日常生活和参与活动的独立性显著降低。近年来的研究表明，重复性经颅磁刺激(rTMS)可能对脑卒中后认知功能障碍有积极的影响，但对脑卒中后认知功能障碍，特别是单侧空间忽视，尚未有相关的系统综述。因此，我们收集了rTMS治疗脑卒中后的相关研究，通过系统综述和荟萃分析来确定rTMS是否可以改善患者的认知功能，特别是脑卒中后单侧空间忽视，为rTMS干预提供可靠的证据。检索截止到2021年2月3日的PubMed、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Embase、PsycINFO数据库、Web of Science和CINAHL。三位作者筛选了这些综述，并使用Jadad量表独立评估了它们的方法学质量。最终纳入的研究为28项，样本量为819份。在整体认知功能方面，干预组疗效优于对照组。本荟萃分析结果表明，rTMS影响单侧空间忽视。rTMS能有效改善患者的日常生活活动能力。亚组分析显示了频率脉冲和会话选择的首选项。此外，rTMS对发病时间小于1个月和大于1个月的单侧空间忽视没有改善作用。这项荟萃分析表明，rTMS干预可能是治疗脑卒中后认知障碍的一种有希望的方法。
{"title":"Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke unilateral spatial neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xiao-Lin Li, Xiao-Dan Liu, Bo Chen, Zhixing Zhou, Chun-Lei Shan","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.372306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.372306","url":null,"abstract":"Post-stroke cognitive impairment refers to the cognitive impairment caused by stroke. Unilateral spatial neglect is the main symptom and results in remarkably lower independence in activities of daily living and participation. Recent studies suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have a positive effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment, but no relevant systematic review has been conducted on post-stroke cognitive impairment, especially unilateral spatial neglect. Therefore, relevant studies on rTMS in the treatment of post-stroke were collected and analyzed by systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether rTMS can improve the cognitive function of patients, especially post-stroke unilateral spatial neglect, to provide reliable evidence for rTMS intervention. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO databases, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched up to February 3, 2021. Three authors screened the reviews and independently assessed their methodological quality using the Jadad scale. The number of studies finally pooled was 28, and the sample size was 819. In the overall cognition function, the efficacy of the intervention group was superior to that of the control group. This meta-analysis result indicated that rTMS influences unilateral spatial neglect. rTMS was effective in improving patients’ activities of daily living. Subgroup analysis showed the preferred items in selecting frequency pulses and session. Furthermore, rTMS could not improve unilateral spatial neglect with an onset time of less than 1 month and over 1 month. This meta-analysis shows that rTMS intervention may be a promising way to treat post-stroke cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89818582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.372307
Yongfang Li, Jixian Wang, Guo-Yuan Yang
Despite significant improvements in acute stroke management, numerous stroke patients continue to experience wide-ranging disabilities, posing a severe global healthcare problem. Effective neuro-rehabilitation is critical for reduction of disability and improvement of life quality after stroke. Rapid developments in several post-ischemic stroke rehabilitation techniques, including magnetic, ultrasonic, optogenetic and electronic modalities, have been achieved in recent years. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke rehabilitation during the last two decades. This review provides a detailed summary of the development, safety and efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation devices, current experimental models and mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the context of ischemic stroke rehabilitation.
{"title":"Advancements in repetitive transcranial magnetic Stimulation for ischemic stroke rehabilitation","authors":"Yongfang Li, Jixian Wang, Guo-Yuan Yang","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.372307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.372307","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant improvements in acute stroke management, numerous stroke patients continue to experience wide-ranging disabilities, posing a severe global healthcare problem. Effective neuro-rehabilitation is critical for reduction of disability and improvement of life quality after stroke. Rapid developments in several post-ischemic stroke rehabilitation techniques, including magnetic, ultrasonic, optogenetic and electronic modalities, have been achieved in recent years. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke rehabilitation during the last two decades. This review provides a detailed summary of the development, safety and efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation devices, current experimental models and mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the context of ischemic stroke rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.372308
Chaitu Dandu, Fengwu Li, Yuchuan Ding
Strokes are a leading cause of death, persistent neurological deficits, and physical disability worldwide. Exercise-mediated adaptations are an emerging form of therapies that aim to attenuate the severity of post-stroke physical disability; however, there are uncertainties regarding how specific parameters, such as time to initiation and intensity of exercise, affect rehabilitation outcomes. At the cellular level, physical rehabilitation after stroke may enhance post-stroke gluconeogenesis to promote neuroplasticity over cellular damage via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and exosomes. Furthermore, there is thought to be an optimal time for the initiation of exercise after a stroke, but there is disagreement and uncertainty about this optimal time. This paper discusses the pathophysiology of physical rehabilitation after stroke and reviews current studies on the effects of physical exercise on stroke rehabilitation and plasticity.
{"title":"Perspectives on rehabilitation, exercise and synaptogenesis after stroke","authors":"Chaitu Dandu, Fengwu Li, Yuchuan Ding","doi":"10.4103/2773-2398.372308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2773-2398.372308","url":null,"abstract":"Strokes are a leading cause of death, persistent neurological deficits, and physical disability worldwide. Exercise-mediated adaptations are an emerging form of therapies that aim to attenuate the severity of post-stroke physical disability; however, there are uncertainties regarding how specific parameters, such as time to initiation and intensity of exercise, affect rehabilitation outcomes. At the cellular level, physical rehabilitation after stroke may enhance post-stroke gluconeogenesis to promote neuroplasticity over cellular damage via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and exosomes. Furthermore, there is thought to be an optimal time for the initiation of exercise after a stroke, but there is disagreement and uncertainty about this optimal time. This paper discusses the pathophysiology of physical rehabilitation after stroke and reviews current studies on the effects of physical exercise on stroke rehabilitation and plasticity.","PeriodicalId":93737,"journal":{"name":"Brain network and modulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84313279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2773-2398.386227
JavierHidalgo Jiménez
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is the simplest psychedelic tryptamine and is produced naturally by many plant and animal species, including humans. While classical psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, or psilocybin, are gaining interest because of their therapeutic potential, DMT has yet to be fully investigated. However, preliminary clinical evidence suggests that DMT and/or ayahuasca, a DMT-containing psychoactive beverage, both possess antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive properties. In addition, the subjective effects of DMT are particularly potent. Both subjective and therapeutic cues can be largely explained via the neuromodulatory properties of DMT. In addition, DMT interacts with several neurochemical systems, including the glutamatergic, monoaminergic, and cholinergic systems. Consequently, large-scale brain dynamics can suffer acute and dramatic shifts in several networks, including visual and auditive networks, and the default-mode network. More broadly, top-down cognitive processes (predictive and contextual processing) can become restricted while bottom-up and stimuli-related processing is enhanced. Furthermore, the acute effects of DMT can crystallize to some extent by virtue of its plastogenic effects which are mediated by sigma 1 receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and serotonin receptor 2A. DMT-induced plasticity has been related mental well-being and therapeutic benefits. Here, I provide an updated review of the neuromodulatory effects of DMT and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. I consider the molecular targets that influence neurochemical systems, changes in large-scale cortical function and structure, and DMT-dependent neuroplasticity. Finally, I highlight the therapeutic relevance and/or risks associated with the neuromodulatory mechanisms of DMT.
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