Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2021.657920
S. Höfner, A. Schütze
Indoor air quality (IAQ) has gained renewed importance in public awareness, especially in times of the corona pandemic. In classrooms in particular, regular ventilation is essential to keep the potential viral load in the air as low as possible and thus reduce the likelihood of infection with the corona virus. But also the concentration of other pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are responsible for symptoms such as concentration disorders, headaches and dizziness can be reduced. In addition to the direct measurement of VOC pollutants using metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, CO2 is also measured as an indicator gas for monitoring IAQ. However, young people in particular have only a diffuse idea of air pollutants. This can be explained by the fact that many of these air pollutants are both odorless and colorless and are only detectable using suitable sensors. In order to provide students with a comprehensive picture of the topic of air quality and thus strengthen their environmental awareness, declarative, conceptual and procedural knowledge needs to be combined. This includes knowledge about different sensor principles, pollutant types, their limits, health effects on humans and strategies to maintain good air quality, both indoors and outdoors. To ensure that this knowledge does not remain inert, authentic learning scenarios with a direct relevance to everyday life must be provided. Measuring pollutants in indoor air in particular offers the opportunity to apply what has been learned in a context-oriented manner. By linking the performance of measurements with sensors and the subsequent interpretation of measurement results, environmental awareness can be sharpened with regard to IAQ. This can be achieved by measuring pollutants with sensors and then interpreting and classifying the measurement results. In this paper, various student experiments with gas sensors are presented that introduce the function principles of different sensor types, record air quality data and provide meaningful interpretation. Based on these experiences, students are encouraged to develop their own research questions on air quality.
{"title":"Air Quality Measurements and Education: Improving Environmental Awareness of High School Students","authors":"S. Höfner, A. Schütze","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2021.657920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2021.657920","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor air quality (IAQ) has gained renewed importance in public awareness, especially in times of the corona pandemic. In classrooms in particular, regular ventilation is essential to keep the potential viral load in the air as low as possible and thus reduce the likelihood of infection with the corona virus. But also the concentration of other pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are responsible for symptoms such as concentration disorders, headaches and dizziness can be reduced. In addition to the direct measurement of VOC pollutants using metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, CO2 is also measured as an indicator gas for monitoring IAQ. However, young people in particular have only a diffuse idea of air pollutants. This can be explained by the fact that many of these air pollutants are both odorless and colorless and are only detectable using suitable sensors. In order to provide students with a comprehensive picture of the topic of air quality and thus strengthen their environmental awareness, declarative, conceptual and procedural knowledge needs to be combined. This includes knowledge about different sensor principles, pollutant types, their limits, health effects on humans and strategies to maintain good air quality, both indoors and outdoors. To ensure that this knowledge does not remain inert, authentic learning scenarios with a direct relevance to everyday life must be provided. Measuring pollutants in indoor air in particular offers the opportunity to apply what has been learned in a context-oriented manner. By linking the performance of measurements with sensors and the subsequent interpretation of measurement results, environmental awareness can be sharpened with regard to IAQ. This can be achieved by measuring pollutants with sensors and then interpreting and classifying the measurement results. In this paper, various student experiments with gas sensors are presented that introduce the function principles of different sensor types, record air quality data and provide meaningful interpretation. Based on these experiences, students are encouraged to develop their own research questions on air quality.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41348026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.607063
E. Comini
A sensor device’s purpose is to detect events or changes in the environment and send the information to its readout electronics or computer processors, meaning appropriate electronics are a fundamental requirement for sensor devices. In the early years, the sensing devices used to measure chemical, physical, or biological parameters were bulky. They were also often inaccurate, as the end user had to manually read and even decode the sensor signal. Nanotechnological interdisciplinary advancements have triggered many recent advances in the sensing field, opening many new solutions for highly engineered devices with excellent performance characteristics. Sensors play a central role in the improvements necessary to meet social demands, such as hazard detection (Rasheed et al., 2018), pollution problems and environmental remediation (Shak et al., 2018), energy production (Hou et al., 2018) and storage (Kawai et al., 2018), and biomedical treatments (Kumar and Liz-Marzán, 2019). They may be roughly classified according to the phenomena that needs to be sensed: chemical substances, physical conditions, or biological phenomena. Their variety has been steadily increasing over the years, and among them we have:
{"title":"Achievements and Challenges in Sensor Devices","authors":"E. Comini","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.607063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.607063","url":null,"abstract":"A sensor device’s purpose is to detect events or changes in the environment and send the information to its readout electronics or computer processors, meaning appropriate electronics are a fundamental requirement for sensor devices. In the early years, the sensing devices used to measure chemical, physical, or biological parameters were bulky. They were also often inaccurate, as the end user had to manually read and even decode the sensor signal. Nanotechnological interdisciplinary advancements have triggered many recent advances in the sensing field, opening many new solutions for highly engineered devices with excellent performance characteristics. Sensors play a central role in the improvements necessary to meet social demands, such as hazard detection (Rasheed et al., 2018), pollution problems and environmental remediation (Shak et al., 2018), energy production (Hou et al., 2018) and storage (Kawai et al., 2018), and biomedical treatments (Kumar and Liz-Marzán, 2019). They may be roughly classified according to the phenomena that needs to be sensed: chemical substances, physical conditions, or biological phenomena. Their variety has been steadily increasing over the years, and among them we have:","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.617805
A. Alaferdov, I. Vilkov, B. Kaverin, Anatoly Ob´edkov, S. Moshkalev
Herein, we demonstrate the prototype of a combined flexible pressure sensor based on ultrathin multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphite nanobelts (GNBs) films embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A simple and scalable modified Langmuir–Blodgett method was used for deposition of both MWCNT and GNB films. The use of two types of carbon nanostructures (nanotubes and GNBs) with distinctly different mechanical properties allowed obtaining enhanced dynamic range for pressure sensing. Short response time, good sensibility and flexibility, and low power consumption for enhanced pressure range make possible applications of the sensor for healthcare monitoring and as a component in the human–machine interfaces application.
{"title":"Combined Pressure Sensor With Enhanced Dynamic Range Based on Thin Films of Nanotubes and Graphite Nanobelts","authors":"A. Alaferdov, I. Vilkov, B. Kaverin, Anatoly Ob´edkov, S. Moshkalev","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.617805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.617805","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we demonstrate the prototype of a combined flexible pressure sensor based on ultrathin multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphite nanobelts (GNBs) films embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A simple and scalable modified Langmuir–Blodgett method was used for deposition of both MWCNT and GNB films. The use of two types of carbon nanostructures (nanotubes and GNBs) with distinctly different mechanical properties allowed obtaining enhanced dynamic range for pressure sensing. Short response time, good sensibility and flexibility, and low power consumption for enhanced pressure range make possible applications of the sensor for healthcare monitoring and as a component in the human–machine interfaces application.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of smart flexible electronic devices, new research directions have emerged. Among them, the resistive switching (RS) sensor has attracted much attention. The RS sensor converts the change of voltage signals into the change of resistance values. In this work, a planar flexible RS structure based on one-step printable silver electrodes was designed and fabricated to simplify device fabrication. The study is a starting point that paves the way for the development of all-in-one printable and flexible sensors in the future.
{"title":"Printable and Flexible Planar Silver Electrodes-Based Resistive Switching Sensory Array","authors":"Xiyue Tian, Zewei Luo, Tianyi Fan, Jinjie Zhang, J. Chu, Xing Wu","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.600185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.600185","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of smart flexible electronic devices, new research directions have emerged. Among them, the resistive switching (RS) sensor has attracted much attention. The RS sensor converts the change of voltage signals into the change of resistance values. In this work, a planar flexible RS structure based on one-step printable silver electrodes was designed and fabricated to simplify device fabrication. The study is a starting point that paves the way for the development of all-in-one printable and flexible sensors in the future.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.600185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47029899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.586300
Shan-shan Liu, Weinan Xu
The integration of functional synthetic materials and living biological entities has emerged as a new and powerful approach to create adaptive and functional structures with unprecedented performance and functionalities. Such hybrid structures are also called engineered living materials (ELMs). ELMs have the potential to realize many highly-desired properties, which are usually only found in biological systems, such as the abilities to self-power, self-heal, response to biosignals, and self-sustainable. Motivated by that, in recent years, researchers have started to explore the use of ELMs in many areas, among them, sensing and actuation is the area that has seen the most progress. In this short review, we briefly reviewed the important recent development in ELMs-based sensors and actuators, with a focus on their materials and structural design, new fabrication technologies, and bio-related applications. Current challenges and future directions in this field are also identified to help with future development in this emerging interdisciplinary field.
{"title":"Engineered Living Materials-Based Sensing and Actuation","authors":"Shan-shan Liu, Weinan Xu","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.586300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.586300","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of functional synthetic materials and living biological entities has emerged as a new and powerful approach to create adaptive and functional structures with unprecedented performance and functionalities. Such hybrid structures are also called engineered living materials (ELMs). ELMs have the potential to realize many highly-desired properties, which are usually only found in biological systems, such as the abilities to self-power, self-heal, response to biosignals, and self-sustainable. Motivated by that, in recent years, researchers have started to explore the use of ELMs in many areas, among them, sensing and actuation is the area that has seen the most progress. In this short review, we briefly reviewed the important recent development in ELMs-based sensors and actuators, with a focus on their materials and structural design, new fabrication technologies, and bio-related applications. Current challenges and future directions in this field are also identified to help with future development in this emerging interdisciplinary field.","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43962987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.583822
C. Ferrag, K. Kerman
{"title":"Grand Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors","authors":"C. Ferrag, K. Kerman","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.583822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.583822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.583822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.583035
Chang-Soo Lee
{"title":"Grand Challenges in Microfluidics: A Call for Biological and Engineering Action","authors":"Chang-Soo Lee","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.583035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.583035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.583035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.00003
V. Zucolotto
{"title":"Specialty Grand Challenges in Biosensors","authors":"V. Zucolotto","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.00003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.00003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.00002
D. Diamond
{"title":"Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Sensor Science and Technology","authors":"D. Diamond","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.00002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2020.00001
J. Villatoro
{"title":"Grand Challenges in Physical Sensors","authors":"J. Villatoro","doi":"10.3389/fsens.2020.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsens.2020.00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93754,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fsens.2020.00001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48861484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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