Clinton Mensah, Y. Katanda, M. Krishnapillai, M. Cheema, L. Galagedara
Identifying and characterizing the spatial patterns in soil moisture variability under different land use conditions is crucial for agriculture, forestry, civil and environmental engineering. Yet employing multi-frequency electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques to carry out this task is under-represented in boreal podzolic soils. This study: (i) compared four frequencies (2.8 ~ 80 kHz) for shallow mapping of soil moisture measured with a time-domain reflectometry at 0 – 20 cm soil depth under three different land-use conditions (agricultural land, field road, and a recently cleared natural forest), (ii) developed a relationship between apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured using multi-frequency EMI (GEM-2) and soil moisture and (iii) assessed the effectiveness of ECa as an auxiliary variable in predicting soil moisture variations under different land use conditions. The means of ECa measurements were calculated for the exact sampling location (ground truth data) in each land use condition at a research site, Pasadena, Newfoundland. Soil moisture–ECa linear regression models for the three land-use conditions were only statistically significant for 38.3 kHz frequency and were further analyzed. Further statistical analysis revealed that ECa was primarily controlled by soil moisture for the three land-use conditions, with the natural forest possessing the highest mean ECa and soil moisture. Geostatistical analysis revealed that cokriging ECa with less densely collected soil moisture improved the characterization accuracy of soil moisture variability across the different land use conditions. These results reveal the effectiveness of the georeferenced MF–EMI technique to rapidly assess intra-field soil moisture variability under different land uses.
{"title":"Multi-frequency electromagnetic induction soil moisture characterization under different land uses in western Newfoundland","authors":"Clinton Mensah, Y. Katanda, M. Krishnapillai, M. Cheema, L. Galagedara","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying and characterizing the spatial patterns in soil moisture variability under different land use conditions is crucial for agriculture, forestry, civil and environmental engineering. Yet employing multi-frequency electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques to carry out this task is under-represented in boreal podzolic soils. This study: (i) compared four frequencies (2.8 ~ 80 kHz) for shallow mapping of soil moisture measured with a time-domain reflectometry at 0 – 20 cm soil depth under three different land-use conditions (agricultural land, field road, and a recently cleared natural forest), (ii) developed a relationship between apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured using multi-frequency EMI (GEM-2) and soil moisture and (iii) assessed the effectiveness of ECa as an auxiliary variable in predicting soil moisture variations under different land use conditions. The means of ECa measurements were calculated for the exact sampling location (ground truth data) in each land use condition at a research site, Pasadena, Newfoundland. Soil moisture–ECa linear regression models for the three land-use conditions were only statistically significant for 38.3 kHz frequency and were further analyzed. Further statistical analysis revealed that ECa was primarily controlled by soil moisture for the three land-use conditions, with the natural forest possessing the highest mean ECa and soil moisture. Geostatistical analysis revealed that cokriging ECa with less densely collected soil moisture improved the characterization accuracy of soil moisture variability across the different land use conditions. These results reveal the effectiveness of the georeferenced MF–EMI technique to rapidly assess intra-field soil moisture variability under different land uses.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64204746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yvonne Uwituze, J. Nyiraneza, Yefang Jiang, J. Dessureault‐Rompré, T. Fraser
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops are often cultivated in coarse-textured soils with low soil organic matter (SOM), and high nitrate leaching risk. Incorporating shrub willow chips into soil could enhance soil properties, while temporally immobilizing N and thus reducing N leaching. We performed a laboratory incubation study and a field experiment to evaluate the effects of shrub willow chips applied at increasing rates in the fall after the potato harvest on C, N and P cycling, soil pH and moisture, and on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield in the following year. In comparison with the control, willow chip incorporation at the rates of 40 Mg ha-1 and 60 Mg ha-1 increased total C content, but it did not affect the activity of C cycling enzymes. Willow chip addition at these rates also induced nitrate immobilization and reduced barley grain yield and total N uptake, but increased the activity of N cycling enzymes (β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase). Mehlich-3 extractable P content and phosphomonoesterase activity were not affected by willow chip addition. Our results suggest that shrub willow chips increased total organic C and immobilized N following their incorporation and can thus mitigate nitrate leaching after the potato harvest. The N immobilization was short-lived and was not observed over second winter. We recommend to seed a forage legume in the spring following shrub willow chip incorporation. Willow chip incorporation is an effective means of increasing soil organic carbon.
{"title":"Soil C, N and P bioavailability and cycling following amendment with shrub willow chips","authors":"Yvonne Uwituze, J. Nyiraneza, Yefang Jiang, J. Dessureault‐Rompré, T. Fraser","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0126","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops are often cultivated in coarse-textured soils with low soil organic matter (SOM), and high nitrate leaching risk. Incorporating shrub willow chips into soil could enhance soil properties, while temporally immobilizing N and thus reducing N leaching. We performed a laboratory incubation study and a field experiment to evaluate the effects of shrub willow chips applied at increasing rates in the fall after the potato harvest on C, N and P cycling, soil pH and moisture, and on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield in the following year. In comparison with the control, willow chip incorporation at the rates of 40 Mg ha-1 and 60 Mg ha-1 increased total C content, but it did not affect the activity of C cycling enzymes. Willow chip addition at these rates also induced nitrate immobilization and reduced barley grain yield and total N uptake, but increased the activity of N cycling enzymes (β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase). Mehlich-3 extractable P content and phosphomonoesterase activity were not affected by willow chip addition. Our results suggest that shrub willow chips increased total organic C and immobilized N following their incorporation and can thus mitigate nitrate leaching after the potato harvest. The N immobilization was short-lived and was not observed over second winter. We recommend to seed a forage legume in the spring following shrub willow chip incorporation. Willow chip incorporation is an effective means of increasing soil organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shudong Lin, K. Wei, Q. Wang, Mingjiang Deng, Lijun Su, F. Shao, Zhanbo Jiang
Soil water, salt, and nutrient variability are essential factors that impact crop productivity in agriculture systems. However, effective management of small farms requires access to fine-scale data on soil water, salt, and nutrients. Large-scale assessments of spatial variability using classical statistics and geostatistical methods can help identify nutrient-deficient zones. In Xinjiang, China, inadequate water and nutrient management has resulted in low crop productivity in agriculture systems. To address this issue, this study evaluated the mechanical composition, bulk density, and contents of water, salt, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and available phosphorus (A-P) in soil at the farm level in the Xinjiang region. Results showed low variability in soil bulk density, medium variability in soil water content, mechanical composition, NO3--N, and A-P, and high variability in soil salt content and NH4+-N. Mechanical composition and A-P showed a small range of variation across different soil depths, while soil water content and NO3--N in the surface layer varied significantly more than in other soil layers. NH4+-N variability increased with soil depth. Soil properties showed minimal differences over time. Multi-factor deficiencies, particularly in nitrogen, were observed throughout the study area. The generated maps offer a useful tool for farm managers and policymakers. In summary, this study highlights the significance of evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties for identifying zones deficient in water and nutrients, as well as those with salt accumulation. This information can be utilized to develop effective strategies for site-specific nutrient management.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variability of Soil Physical Properties and Water, Salt, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Contents for Farm level","authors":"Shudong Lin, K. Wei, Q. Wang, Mingjiang Deng, Lijun Su, F. Shao, Zhanbo Jiang","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Soil water, salt, and nutrient variability are essential factors that impact crop productivity in agriculture systems. However, effective management of small farms requires access to fine-scale data on soil water, salt, and nutrients. Large-scale assessments of spatial variability using classical statistics and geostatistical methods can help identify nutrient-deficient zones. In Xinjiang, China, inadequate water and nutrient management has resulted in low crop productivity in agriculture systems. To address this issue, this study evaluated the mechanical composition, bulk density, and contents of water, salt, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and available phosphorus (A-P) in soil at the farm level in the Xinjiang region. Results showed low variability in soil bulk density, medium variability in soil water content, mechanical composition, NO3--N, and A-P, and high variability in soil salt content and NH4+-N. Mechanical composition and A-P showed a small range of variation across different soil depths, while soil water content and NO3--N in the surface layer varied significantly more than in other soil layers. NH4+-N variability increased with soil depth. Soil properties showed minimal differences over time. Multi-factor deficiencies, particularly in nitrogen, were observed throughout the study area. The generated maps offer a useful tool for farm managers and policymakers. In summary, this study highlights the significance of evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties for identifying zones deficient in water and nutrients, as well as those with salt accumulation. This information can be utilized to develop effective strategies for site-specific nutrient management.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44382017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon Heung, D. Saurette, C. Bulmer, A. Bedard-Haughn
Brandon Heung , Daniel D. Saurette , Chuck E. Bulmer, and Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Vernon, BC, Canada; Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Brandon Heung, Daniel D. Saurette, Chuck E. Bulmer和Angela Bedard-Haughn加拿大特鲁罗达尔豪斯大学农业学院植物、食品和环境科学系;安大略省农业、食品和农村事务部，圭尔夫，加拿大;加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省弗农市，不列颠哥伦比亚省森林、土地、自然资源运营和农村发展部;加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学农业与生物资源学院土壤系
{"title":"Advances in soil survey and classification in Canada","authors":"Brandon Heung, D. Saurette, C. Bulmer, A. Bedard-Haughn","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Brandon Heung , Daniel D. Saurette , Chuck E. Bulmer, and Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Vernon, BC, Canada; Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first edition (1974) of Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), the taxonomic criteria for LFH organic horizons allowed application to any soil and land use developed under imperfectly to well-drained conditions. However, in the third edition (1998) of CSSC, the narrower taxonomic criteria for LFH horizons restricted application to only forest soils. A limited survey was conducted of some soil scientists across Canada to ask them if they had observed LFH horizons in nonforest soils. Distinct LFH horizons were observed across Canada under agriculture such as in no-till fields, tame and native pastures, and in reclaimed soils. They have also been observed in urban areas such as golf courses and grass-recreation fields. LFH horizons could also potentially develop under other nonforest land uses across Canada. Since no-till and native and tame pastures are most dominant in the prairies, the potential for LFH horizons is greatest in this region than elsewhere. However, they may occur anywhere in Canada where accumulation exceeds decomposition of organic material and they contain more than 17% organic carbon by weight or 30% organic matter. Therefore, we propose that the taxonomic criteria for applying LFH horizons be revised and broadened to include nonforest soils and be applicable to any soil order (where relevant) within Canada, and be at the discretion of the field pedologist. It is critical to identify and monitor LFH horizons over time because they are important for soil health, climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, soil erosion, and hydrology.
{"title":"Correction: Proposed revision to Canadian System of Soil Classification: broaden taxonomic criteria for applying LFH horizons to include nonforest soils","authors":"J. Miller, D. Chanasyk, R. L. McNeil","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"In the first edition (1974) of Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), the taxonomic criteria for LFH organic horizons allowed application to any soil and land use developed under imperfectly to well-drained conditions. However, in the third edition (1998) of CSSC, the narrower taxonomic criteria for LFH horizons restricted application to only forest soils. A limited survey was conducted of some soil scientists across Canada to ask them if they had observed LFH horizons in nonforest soils. Distinct LFH horizons were observed across Canada under agriculture such as in no-till fields, tame and native pastures, and in reclaimed soils. They have also been observed in urban areas such as golf courses and grass-recreation fields. LFH horizons could also potentially develop under other nonforest land uses across Canada. Since no-till and native and tame pastures are most dominant in the prairies, the potential for LFH horizons is greatest in this region than elsewhere. However, they may occur anywhere in Canada where accumulation exceeds decomposition of organic material and they contain more than 17% organic carbon by weight or 30% organic matter. Therefore, we propose that the taxonomic criteria for applying LFH horizons be revised and broadened to include nonforest soils and be applicable to any soil order (where relevant) within Canada, and be at the discretion of the field pedologist. It is critical to identify and monitor LFH horizons over time because they are important for soil health, climate change, greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, soil erosion, and hydrology.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46056320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note of appreciation","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136246449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan Andrew Driscoll, M. Krzic, L. Comeau, B. Eskelson, Sheng Li
Soil degradation has been of great concern for New Brunswick’s potato farmers, especially on sloped land and shallow soils. In this study we evaluated the initial response of labile soil carbon (C) fractions (permanganate oxidizable C – POXC; and particulate organic C – POC) and aggregate stability to two integrated best management practices (BMPIs) comprised of the following individual practices: diversion terraces (DT), grassed waterways (GW), and contour tillage (CT) [i.e., DTGW] and DT, GW, CT, and tile drains (TD) [i.e., DTGW+TD], relative to CT that served as a control. The more water was regulated in the field, the greater the increase in labile C; where DTGW and DTGW+TD gained 19.8% and 50.6% of POXC, respectively, while CT lost 11.2% of POXC. There was an increase in mineral associated organic matter (MAOM) C in the terraced BMPIs, despite the high amount of tillage events that took place during potato cultivation. Two BMPIs had no effect on aggregate stability, most likely due to the short duration of this initial monitoring study that spanned just over two growing seasons. Even though there were no improvements in soil structure, our findings showed that some stabilization of soil C is possible even during the initial two seasons following BMPI implementation.
{"title":"Short-term Response of Soil Aggregate Stability and Labile Carbon to Contour Tillage, Diversion Terrace, Grassed Waterway, and Tile Drainage Implementation","authors":"Bryan Andrew Driscoll, M. Krzic, L. Comeau, B. Eskelson, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Soil degradation has been of great concern for New Brunswick’s potato farmers, especially on sloped land and shallow soils. In this study we evaluated the initial response of labile soil carbon (C) fractions (permanganate oxidizable C – POXC; and particulate organic C – POC) and aggregate stability to two integrated best management practices (BMPIs) comprised of the following individual practices: diversion terraces (DT), grassed waterways (GW), and contour tillage (CT) [i.e., DTGW] and DT, GW, CT, and tile drains (TD) [i.e., DTGW+TD], relative to CT that served as a control. The more water was regulated in the field, the greater the increase in labile C; where DTGW and DTGW+TD gained 19.8% and 50.6% of POXC, respectively, while CT lost 11.2% of POXC. There was an increase in mineral associated organic matter (MAOM) C in the terraced BMPIs, despite the high amount of tillage events that took place during potato cultivation. Two BMPIs had no effect on aggregate stability, most likely due to the short duration of this initial monitoring study that spanned just over two growing seasons. Even though there were no improvements in soil structure, our findings showed that some stabilization of soil C is possible even during the initial two seasons following BMPI implementation.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43318533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Manchola-Rojas, B. Pinno, M. D. MacKenzie, S. Dietrich
Abstract Buried wood is an important yet understudied component of natural and anthropogenic soils. Nutrient immobilization as a response to wood addition during oil sands' reclamation may be a concern since surface wood is salvaged with the soil, thereby becoming buried wood in reclamation cover soils. This project investigated the impact of buried wood on macronutrient supply and microbial communities in different reclamation soils. A 60-day incubation was performed with different rates and types of wood (0%–50%, aspen and pine) and four different soils: fine and coarse forest floor-mineral mix (fFFMM and cFFMM), peat-mineral mix (PMM), and peat. Analysis of macronutrient supply rates using Plant Root Simulator (PRS™) probes and a community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) to assess metabolic potential was performed at the end of the incubation period; microbial activity was measured through soil respiration during the incubation. Responses varied by soil type; however, buried wood caused nitrogen immobilization in three soils due to an increase in the C:N ratio. Soils with lower C:N ratios like fFFMM and PMM were more susceptible to immobilization with a decrease in available nitrogen by up to 95% at a 10% of wood addition. Phosphorus immobilization was observed in cFFMM, and potassium supply increased at 20% of wood and above. Soil microbial activity and metabolic potential increased but no significant changes in the soil profiles were observed. The findings of this study demonstrate that buried wood increases the soil C:N ratio and can potentially cause nitrogen immobilization when added by 10% of volume or more.
{"title":"Buried wood effects on macronutrient supply and microbial activity and metabolic potential in different oil sands reclamation soils in northern Alberta","authors":"Laura Manchola-Rojas, B. Pinno, M. D. MacKenzie, S. Dietrich","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Buried wood is an important yet understudied component of natural and anthropogenic soils. Nutrient immobilization as a response to wood addition during oil sands' reclamation may be a concern since surface wood is salvaged with the soil, thereby becoming buried wood in reclamation cover soils. This project investigated the impact of buried wood on macronutrient supply and microbial communities in different reclamation soils. A 60-day incubation was performed with different rates and types of wood (0%–50%, aspen and pine) and four different soils: fine and coarse forest floor-mineral mix (fFFMM and cFFMM), peat-mineral mix (PMM), and peat. Analysis of macronutrient supply rates using Plant Root Simulator (PRS™) probes and a community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) to assess metabolic potential was performed at the end of the incubation period; microbial activity was measured through soil respiration during the incubation. Responses varied by soil type; however, buried wood caused nitrogen immobilization in three soils due to an increase in the C:N ratio. Soils with lower C:N ratios like fFFMM and PMM were more susceptible to immobilization with a decrease in available nitrogen by up to 95% at a 10% of wood addition. Phosphorus immobilization was observed in cFFMM, and potassium supply increased at 20% of wood and above. Soil microbial activity and metabolic potential increased but no significant changes in the soil profiles were observed. The findings of this study demonstrate that buried wood increases the soil C:N ratio and can potentially cause nitrogen immobilization when added by 10% of volume or more.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kramer, B. Wallace, M. Krzic, R. Newman, G. Bradfield
A sequence of Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozems spanning a 600 m elevation gradient in a semiarid bunchgrass ecosystem (Lac du Bois Grassland) near Kamloops, British Columbia was first described in 1961. More soil organic carbon (SOC) at higher elevations along the sequence was attributed to increasing effective precipitation with increasing elevation. Since the 1961 study, plant community composition has shifted towards the desired climax community due to improved livestock management instituted in the 1970s; however, changes in soil carbon stocks remain unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify SOC and SIC (soil inorganic carbon) stocks using the same site selection criteria as used in 1961. SOC stocks (kg m-2 ± SD; 0-60 cm) were similar for Brown (5.73±1.7) and Dark Brown Chernozems (5.87±0.76) but increased sharply (10.11±2.5) for the higher elevation Black Chernozems. SIC increased with depth in all three soil zones, representing 33-50% of total C from the 30-60 cm soil depth. To evaluate changes in SOC (0-20 cm) from the 1961 measurements, three different approaches for calculating SOC stocks were used based on the inclusion or exclusion of coarse fragments. Results varied across the three soil zones from no change to a 20% increase in the Brown, an increase of 7% to a reduction of 26% in the Dark Brown, and a decrease of 12 to 35% in the Black soil zone. Information about soil coarse fragments and the distribution of SOC and SIC stocks within the soil profile is crucial for accurate comparisons across studies or resampling events.
1961年首次描述了不列颠哥伦比亚省坎卢普斯附近半干旱的丛草生态系统（Lac du Bois草原）中的棕色、深棕色和黑色黑钙土序列，其海拔梯度为600米。随着海拔的升高，有效降水量的增加，导致序列中海拔越高的土壤有机碳含量越高。自1961年的研究以来，由于20世纪70年代建立的牲畜管理的改善，植物群落组成已向理想的高潮群落转变；然而，土壤碳储量的变化仍然未知。本研究的目的是使用与1961年相同的选址标准来量化SOC和SIC（土壤无机碳）储量。棕色（5.73±1.7）和深棕色黑钙土（5.87±0.76）的SOC储量（kg m-2±SD；0-60 cm）相似，但海拔较高的黑色黑钙土的SOC储量急剧增加（10.11±2.5）。SIC在所有三个土壤区都随着深度的增加而增加，在30-60cm的土壤深度中占总C的33-50%。为了评估1961年测量中SOC（0-20 cm）的变化，基于粗碎片的包含或排除，使用了三种不同的方法来计算SOC存量。三个土壤区的结果各不相同，棕色区从不变到增加20%，深棕色区从增加7%到减少26%，黑土区从减少12%到35%。关于土壤粗碎片以及土壤剖面中SOC和SIC储量分布的信息对于研究或重新采样事件之间的准确比较至关重要。
{"title":"Elevation Gradient Drives Distribution of Soil Carbon in a Semiarid Grassland of British Columbia","authors":"A. Kramer, B. Wallace, M. Krzic, R. Newman, G. Bradfield","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0117","url":null,"abstract":"A sequence of Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozems spanning a 600 m elevation gradient in a semiarid bunchgrass ecosystem (Lac du Bois Grassland) near Kamloops, British Columbia was first described in 1961. More soil organic carbon (SOC) at higher elevations along the sequence was attributed to increasing effective precipitation with increasing elevation. Since the 1961 study, plant community composition has shifted towards the desired climax community due to improved livestock management instituted in the 1970s; however, changes in soil carbon stocks remain unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify SOC and SIC (soil inorganic carbon) stocks using the same site selection criteria as used in 1961. SOC stocks (kg m-2 ± SD; 0-60 cm) were similar for Brown (5.73±1.7) and Dark Brown Chernozems (5.87±0.76) but increased sharply (10.11±2.5) for the higher elevation Black Chernozems. SIC increased with depth in all three soil zones, representing 33-50% of total C from the 30-60 cm soil depth. To evaluate changes in SOC (0-20 cm) from the 1961 measurements, three different approaches for calculating SOC stocks were used based on the inclusion or exclusion of coarse fragments. Results varied across the three soil zones from no change to a 20% increase in the Brown, an increase of 7% to a reduction of 26% in the Dark Brown, and a decrease of 12 to 35% in the Black soil zone. Information about soil coarse fragments and the distribution of SOC and SIC stocks within the soil profile is crucial for accurate comparisons across studies or resampling events.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47170256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. T. Thiessen Martens, Oban D. Srinathan, I. Amarakoon
Abstract Wastewater-derived struvite is a promising phosphorus (P) fertilizer but more information on its behaviour in soil is needed to guide management practices for this slow-release fertilizer. After 20 days of incubation in two contrasting low-P soils in Petri dishes at two temperatures, the Olsen-P concentrations in soil surrounding struvite granules were 30–122 mg kg−1, which were much lower than after amendment with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (435–1063 mg kg−1). Olsen-P concentrations further from the granule showed that MAP fertilized a larger volume of soil than struvite. Thus, the fertilizing effect of struvite may be very localized in soil.
{"title":"Fertilizing effect of wastewater-derived granular struvite on contrasting Manitoba soils","authors":"J. T. Thiessen Martens, Oban D. Srinathan, I. Amarakoon","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wastewater-derived struvite is a promising phosphorus (P) fertilizer but more information on its behaviour in soil is needed to guide management practices for this slow-release fertilizer. After 20 days of incubation in two contrasting low-P soils in Petri dishes at two temperatures, the Olsen-P concentrations in soil surrounding struvite granules were 30–122 mg kg−1, which were much lower than after amendment with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (435–1063 mg kg−1). Olsen-P concentrations further from the granule showed that MAP fertilized a larger volume of soil than struvite. Thus, the fertilizing effect of struvite may be very localized in soil.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41378018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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