: Soil organic carbon contents and depths of Ap horizons (i.e
:土壤有机碳含量与Ap层深度(即
{"title":"Correction: Soil organic carbon content: decreases partly attributed to dilution by increased depth of cultivation in southern Ontario","authors":"C. J. Warren, D. Saurette, A. Gillespie","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0106","url":null,"abstract":": Soil organic carbon contents and depths of Ap horizons (i.e","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1010 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44209027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hossein Noshad, E. Chavoshi, M. Mosaddeghi, V. Dorostkar, F. Hosseini
Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient uptake under combined drought and salinity stresses. A pot experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments included two plant types (Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron) with three levels of inoculation of fungal species (Funneliformis geosporus, Funneliformis mosseae, and control), two levels of soil salinity stress (7 and 14 dS m–1), and two levels of drought stress (50% and 80% of management allowable depletion). Vegetative parameters, as well as root N, P, and K concentrations and uptakes, mycorrhizal growth response, mycorrhizal nitrogen response, mycorrhizal phosphorus response, mycorrhizal potassium response, and root colonization were measured. The results showed that the application of AMF increased the plant growth variables such as stem diameter, root length, shoot dry weights, and shoot to root ratio as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes. The application of both AMF types was effective as compared to the control. However, F. mosseae indicated better performance especially, in terms of the effect on plant growth variables. Also, F. mosseae was more effective to relieve stress (i.e., salinity and drought) than F. geosporus. There was a significant difference between plant types and H. ammodendron had better efficiency than A. canescens under drought and salinity stresses. Based on the results, planting of H. ammodendron inoculated with F. mosseae might be recommended for soil conservation in the arid environments.
{"title":"Growth and nutrient uptake of haloxylon and atriplex as affected by mycorrhizal symbiosis under combined drought and salinity stresses","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Noshad, E. Chavoshi, M. Mosaddeghi, V. Dorostkar, F. Hosseini","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient uptake under combined drought and salinity stresses. A pot experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments included two plant types (Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron) with three levels of inoculation of fungal species (Funneliformis geosporus, Funneliformis mosseae, and control), two levels of soil salinity stress (7 and 14 dS m–1), and two levels of drought stress (50% and 80% of management allowable depletion). Vegetative parameters, as well as root N, P, and K concentrations and uptakes, mycorrhizal growth response, mycorrhizal nitrogen response, mycorrhizal phosphorus response, mycorrhizal potassium response, and root colonization were measured. The results showed that the application of AMF increased the plant growth variables such as stem diameter, root length, shoot dry weights, and shoot to root ratio as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes. The application of both AMF types was effective as compared to the control. However, F. mosseae indicated better performance especially, in terms of the effect on plant growth variables. Also, F. mosseae was more effective to relieve stress (i.e., salinity and drought) than F. geosporus. There was a significant difference between plant types and H. ammodendron had better efficiency than A. canescens under drought and salinity stresses. Based on the results, planting of H. ammodendron inoculated with F. mosseae might be recommended for soil conservation in the arid environments.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"305 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Sun, C. Kallenbach, M. Boh, O. G. Clark, J. Whalen
Abstract Municipal wastewater biosolids are nutrient-rich residuals with potential as crop fertilizer, if their alkalinity does not adversely affect soil biochemical processes. This study assessed the potential soil enzyme activity after three annual applications of biosolids in a conventionally tilled field under silage corn (Zea mays L.). Biosolids were municipal wastewater sludge treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, or composting, compared with urea fertilizer and an unfertilized control. Generally, the potential soil enzyme activity did not change with biosolids application, but the N-acetylglucosaminidase activity increased in soil amended with lime-stabilized biosolids, which also had higher soil pH and greater soil NH4+ concentration.
{"title":"Enzyme activity after applying alkaline biosolids to agricultural soil","authors":"B. Sun, C. Kallenbach, M. Boh, O. G. Clark, J. Whalen","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Municipal wastewater biosolids are nutrient-rich residuals with potential as crop fertilizer, if their alkalinity does not adversely affect soil biochemical processes. This study assessed the potential soil enzyme activity after three annual applications of biosolids in a conventionally tilled field under silage corn (Zea mays L.). Biosolids were municipal wastewater sludge treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, or composting, compared with urea fertilizer and an unfertilized control. Generally, the potential soil enzyme activity did not change with biosolids application, but the N-acetylglucosaminidase activity increased in soil amended with lime-stabilized biosolids, which also had higher soil pH and greater soil NH4+ concentration.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"372 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphaël Deragon, D. Saurette, Brandon Heung, J. Caron
Abstract Large organic deposits in the southwestern plain of Montreal have been converted to agricultural land for vegetable production. In addition to the variable depth of the organic deposits, these soils commonly have an impermeable coprogenous layer between the peat and the underlying mineral substratum. Estimations of the depth and thickness of these materials are critical for soil management. Therefore, five drained and cultivated peatlands were studied to estimate their maximum peat thickness (MPT)—a potential key soil property that can help identify management zones for their conservation. MPT can be defined as the depth to the mineral layer (DML) minus the coprogenous layer thickness (CLT). The objective of this study was to estimate DML, CLT, and MPT at a regional scale using environmental covariates derived from remote sensing. Three machine-learning models (Cubist, Random Forest, and k-Nearest Neighbor) were compared to produce maps of DML and CLT, which were combined to generate MPT at a spatial resolution of 10 m. The Cubist model performed the best for predicting both features of interest, yielding Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients of 0.43 and 0.07 for DML and CLT, respectively, using a spatial cross-validation procedure. Interpretation of the drivers of CLT was limited by the poor predictive power of the final model. More precise data on MPT are needed to support soil conservation practices, and more CLT field observations are required to obtain a higher prediction accuracy. Nonetheless, digital soil mapping using open-access geospatial data shows promise for understanding and managing cultivated peatlands.
{"title":"Mapping the maximum peat thickness of cultivated organic soils in the southwest plain of Montreal","authors":"Raphaël Deragon, D. Saurette, Brandon Heung, J. Caron","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large organic deposits in the southwestern plain of Montreal have been converted to agricultural land for vegetable production. In addition to the variable depth of the organic deposits, these soils commonly have an impermeable coprogenous layer between the peat and the underlying mineral substratum. Estimations of the depth and thickness of these materials are critical for soil management. Therefore, five drained and cultivated peatlands were studied to estimate their maximum peat thickness (MPT)—a potential key soil property that can help identify management zones for their conservation. MPT can be defined as the depth to the mineral layer (DML) minus the coprogenous layer thickness (CLT). The objective of this study was to estimate DML, CLT, and MPT at a regional scale using environmental covariates derived from remote sensing. Three machine-learning models (Cubist, Random Forest, and k-Nearest Neighbor) were compared to produce maps of DML and CLT, which were combined to generate MPT at a spatial resolution of 10 m. The Cubist model performed the best for predicting both features of interest, yielding Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients of 0.43 and 0.07 for DML and CLT, respectively, using a spatial cross-validation procedure. Interpretation of the drivers of CLT was limited by the poor predictive power of the final model. More precise data on MPT are needed to support soil conservation practices, and more CLT field observations are required to obtain a higher prediction accuracy. Nonetheless, digital soil mapping using open-access geospatial data shows promise for understanding and managing cultivated peatlands.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"103 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With respect to the pedosphere, human activities in the last 100 years have been the major driver of soil change. Despite human activities being one of the main soil forming factors recognized by soil scientists (in addition to climate, organisms, parent material, relief, groundwater, and time), the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC) emphasizes soil as a natural body. We argue human agricultural activities are direct and indirect drivers of significant changes to the carbon balance and cycling in A horizons of Gray Luvisolic soils in western Canada, resulting in changes to A horizon carbon stocks, structure, and micromorphology. Evidence from scientific literature, in-field soil profile observations, and the National Pedon Database are presented in support of our argument. We propose a polygenetic, two-stage model of Gray Luvisol soil formation. The first stage is dominated by the climate forcing of the Holocene, resulting in a relatively stable boreal forest ecosystem including perturbations from natural and human-induced wildfire and other disturbances. The second stage is dominated by direct, human-driven disturbances such as cultivation, release of exotic fauna (earthworms), and indirect human-driven disturbances associated with anthropogenic climate change. Further, we propose modest amendments to the CSSC to reflect a polygenetic model of soil genesis in Gray Luvisolic soils that preserve the balance between observation and interpretation inherent in the system.
{"title":"Gray Luvisols are polygenetic","authors":"M. Dyck, P. Sorenson, J. Lejoly, S. Quideau","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With respect to the pedosphere, human activities in the last 100 years have been the major driver of soil change. Despite human activities being one of the main soil forming factors recognized by soil scientists (in addition to climate, organisms, parent material, relief, groundwater, and time), the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC) emphasizes soil as a natural body. We argue human agricultural activities are direct and indirect drivers of significant changes to the carbon balance and cycling in A horizons of Gray Luvisolic soils in western Canada, resulting in changes to A horizon carbon stocks, structure, and micromorphology. Evidence from scientific literature, in-field soil profile observations, and the National Pedon Database are presented in support of our argument. We propose a polygenetic, two-stage model of Gray Luvisol soil formation. The first stage is dominated by the climate forcing of the Holocene, resulting in a relatively stable boreal forest ecosystem including perturbations from natural and human-induced wildfire and other disturbances. The second stage is dominated by direct, human-driven disturbances such as cultivation, release of exotic fauna (earthworms), and indirect human-driven disturbances associated with anthropogenic climate change. Further, we propose modest amendments to the CSSC to reflect a polygenetic model of soil genesis in Gray Luvisolic soils that preserve the balance between observation and interpretation inherent in the system.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"121 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. K. van der Pol, Brian Nester, B. Schlautman, T. Crews, M. Cotrufo
Abstract Conversion from annual to perennial grains such as intermediate wheatgrass Kernza® could sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, no studies have quantified SOC under Kernza on working farms. We sampled three sites with paired fields under annual grains and converted to Kernza 5–17 years ago to 100 cm and compared their SOC stocks as distributed between mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM). POM-C was higher under Kernza cultivation but total and MAOM-C were similar. Our findings suggest that Kernza increases SOC at depth as POM. Further study is needed to assess whether this will result in long-term SOC sequestration. Résumé Passer des céréales annuelles à des céréales vivaces comme l’agropyre intermédiaire Kernza® permettrait de séquestrer le carbone organique du sol (COS). Jusqu’à présent, aucune étude n’a quantifié le COS dans les exploitations agricoles qui cultivent Kernza. Les auteurs ont prélevé des échantillons jusqu’à une profondeur de 100 cm à trois endroits où des champs servant à la culture de céréales annuelles avaient été convertis à la culture du Kernza 5–17 années plus tôt. Ensuite, ils ont comparé les réserves de COS sous forme de matière organique liée aux minéraux (MOAM) et de particules de matière organique (PMO). La concentration de C-PMO était plus importante dans les parcelles de Kernza, mais la teneur totale et la concentration de C-MOAM étaient similaires. Ces résultats laissent croire que Kernza augmente la quantité de COS en profondeur sous forme de PMO. Des études plus poussées seraient nécessaires pour déterminer s’il y a subséquemment séquestration à long terme du COS. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
从一年生谷物到多年生谷物的转化，如中间小麦草Kernza®，可以固存土壤有机碳(SOC)。到目前为止，还没有研究量化Kernza对工作农场的SOC。我们选取了3个样地，并在5-17年前将其转换为Kernza至100 cm，并比较了它们的有机碳储量在矿物伴生有机质(MAOM)和颗粒有机质(POM)之间的分布。Kernza栽培下POM-C较高，但总POM-C和mam - c相近。我们的研究结果表明，Kernza增加了POM深度的有机碳。需要进一步的研究来评估这是否会导致长期的有机碳封存。(3)通过对csm的分析，确定了csm与csm的关系，并确定了csm与csm的关系。Jusqu ' s ' prassine, auune ' cassine和' quantififii ' s的意思是:' Jusqu ' s ' prassine， ' aucune ' cassine， ' comune ' cassine， ' comune ' cassine。Les auteurs ont prsamevevest des samchantillons jusqu ' comune profondeur de 100 cm trois endroit où des champs servant culture de csamracriales annuelles avaient samtere convertis la culture du Kernza 5-17 annacimes plus tôt。Ensuite, ils - ont compcompore, les rs - acri - sous form de matimatire organic (MOAM)和de particles de matimatire organic (PMO)。La concentration de C-PMO sameta加上重要的dans les parceles de Kernza, mais La teneur totale和La concentration de C-MOAM sameta类似。在此之前，我曾说过:“我的工作是为了提高我的工作质量，而不是为了提高我的工作质量。”Des练习曲+种seraient necessaires倒限定词年代有subsequemment封存terme du COS。[贸易协定]
{"title":"Perennial grain Kernza® fields have higher particulate organic carbon at depth than annual grain fields","authors":"L. K. van der Pol, Brian Nester, B. Schlautman, T. Crews, M. Cotrufo","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conversion from annual to perennial grains such as intermediate wheatgrass Kernza® could sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, no studies have quantified SOC under Kernza on working farms. We sampled three sites with paired fields under annual grains and converted to Kernza 5–17 years ago to 100 cm and compared their SOC stocks as distributed between mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM). POM-C was higher under Kernza cultivation but total and MAOM-C were similar. Our findings suggest that Kernza increases SOC at depth as POM. Further study is needed to assess whether this will result in long-term SOC sequestration. Résumé Passer des céréales annuelles à des céréales vivaces comme l’agropyre intermédiaire Kernza® permettrait de séquestrer le carbone organique du sol (COS). Jusqu’à présent, aucune étude n’a quantifié le COS dans les exploitations agricoles qui cultivent Kernza. Les auteurs ont prélevé des échantillons jusqu’à une profondeur de 100 cm à trois endroits où des champs servant à la culture de céréales annuelles avaient été convertis à la culture du Kernza 5–17 années plus tôt. Ensuite, ils ont comparé les réserves de COS sous forme de matière organique liée aux minéraux (MOAM) et de particules de matière organique (PMO). La concentration de C-PMO était plus importante dans les parcelles de Kernza, mais la teneur totale et la concentration de C-MOAM étaient similaires. Ces résultats laissent croire que Kernza augmente la quantité de COS en profondeur sous forme de PMO. Des études plus poussées seraient nécessaires pour déterminer s’il y a subséquemment séquestration à long terme du COS. [Traduit par la Rédaction]","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1005 - 1009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Naeth, L. Leskiw, J. A. Brierley, C. J. Warren, Kevin Keys, Konstantin G. Dlusskiy, Ronggui Wu, G. Spiers, J. Laskosky, M. Krzic, G. Patterson, A. Bedard-Haughn
Abstract As the global human population and associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so does the areal extent of disturbed soils. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria and management options for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human-altered soils cannot be classified using the current Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic order is proposed. Anthroposols are soils that are highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Disturbed horizons are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by the presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Eight subgroups are based on the amount of organic material, thickness of horizons, material composition, hydrologic regime, and presence of permafrost. Traditional phases and modifiers are used as in the CSSC. The proposed classification has been revised from the original publication in 2012 after field testing and discussion among soil scientists across Canada. This revised classification is proposed for inclusion in the revised CSSC, to account for the very large and expanding aerial extent of disturbed soils in Canada, and to remain current with other global soil taxonomy systems.
{"title":"Revised proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order","authors":"M. Naeth, L. Leskiw, J. A. Brierley, C. J. Warren, Kevin Keys, Konstantin G. Dlusskiy, Ronggui Wu, G. Spiers, J. Laskosky, M. Krzic, G. Patterson, A. Bedard-Haughn","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the global human population and associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so does the areal extent of disturbed soils. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria and management options for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human-altered soils cannot be classified using the current Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic order is proposed. Anthroposols are soils that are highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Disturbed horizons are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by the presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Eight subgroups are based on the amount of organic material, thickness of horizons, material composition, hydrologic regime, and presence of permafrost. Traditional phases and modifiers are used as in the CSSC. The proposed classification has been revised from the original publication in 2012 after field testing and discussion among soil scientists across Canada. This revised classification is proposed for inclusion in the revised CSSC, to account for the very large and expanding aerial extent of disturbed soils in Canada, and to remain current with other global soil taxonomy systems.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"81 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Naeth, H. A. Archibald, Candace L. Nemirsky, L. Leskiw, J. A. Brierley, Michael D. Bock, A. VandenBygaart, D. Chanasyk
Naeth, M. A., Archibald, H. A., Nemirsky, C. L., Leskiw, L. A., Brierley, J. A., Bock, M. D., VandenBygaart, A. J. and Chanasyk, D. S. 2012. Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 7-18. With increasing anthropogenic activity, the areal extent of disturbed soils is becoming larger and disturbances more intense. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic Order is proposed. Anthroposols are azonal soils, highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed, removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Defining features are severe disruption of soil forming factors and introduction of potentially new pedogenic trajectories. Disturbed layers are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Six subgroups are based on a cover soil layer with higher organic carbon content than the profile below it, on depth of disturbance, on drainage characteristics and water regime at the site. Some new phases and modifiers, in addition to traditional ones used in the CSSC, are based on chemical and physical properties and origins of anthropogenic artefacts. The proposed classification has been successfully applied to reclaimed profiles and is ready for widespread field testing.
{"title":"Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order","authors":"M. Naeth, H. A. Archibald, Candace L. Nemirsky, L. Leskiw, J. A. Brierley, Michael D. Bock, A. VandenBygaart, D. Chanasyk","doi":"10.1139/CJSS2011-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJSS2011-028","url":null,"abstract":"Naeth, M. A., Archibald, H. A., Nemirsky, C. L., Leskiw, L. A., Brierley, J. A., Bock, M. D., VandenBygaart, A. J. and Chanasyk, D. S. 2012. Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 7-18. With increasing anthropogenic activity, the areal extent of disturbed soils is becoming larger and disturbances more intense. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic Order is proposed. Anthroposols are azonal soils, highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed, removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Defining features are severe disruption of soil forming factors and introduction of potentially new pedogenic trajectories. Disturbed layers are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Six subgroups are based on a cover soil layer with higher organic carbon content than the profile below it, on depth of disturbance, on drainage characteristics and water regime at the site. Some new phases and modifiers, in addition to traditional ones used in the CSSC, are based on chemical and physical properties and origins of anthropogenic artefacts. The proposed classification has been successfully applied to reclaimed profiles and is ready for widespread field testing.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"18 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/CJSS2011-028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin Wepruk, A. Diochon, L. V. Van Eerd, E. Gregorich, B. Deen, D. Hooker
Abstract Physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) are established indicators of management-induced change and have been used to estimate the soil carbon storage capacity and storage potential. Here, we use SOM physical fractions and soil textures to identify management practices that maintain or enhance soil health and carbon storage in agricultural soils in Ontario. Metadata from the National Soil Database were used to estimate carbon storage potentials and calculate carbon deficits. A map was created showing carbon deficits in Ontario's agricultural soils and indicates that these soils have the potential to store an additional 0 to 2kgm−2 in the top 20cm of the soil. Tillage system generally had no effect on the size of the carbon deficit at four long-term agricultural experiments (Delhi, Elora, Ottawa, and Ridgetown). There was only a significant tillage effect at Ridgetown and only in the maize–soybean crop rotation, where the carbon deficit was 2.95gCkgsoil−1 under conventional tillage compared to 8.97gCkgsoil−1 with no tillage. A statistically significant effect of crop rotation was detected in Elora and Ridgetown. In Elora, continuous alfalfa had the smallest carbon deficit (7.25gCkgsoil−1) and maize–soybean rotation had the largest deficit (12.07gCkgsoil−1). In Ridgetown, the maize–soybean rotation had the smallest carbon deficit (2.95gCkgsoil−1). Regression analysis showed a weak negative relationship (R2=0.11; P<0.001) between carbon storage deficits and soil health scores. This suggests that increasing SOM levels alone may not improve soil health.
{"title":"Identifying rotation and tillage practices that maintain or enhance soil carbon and its relation to soil health","authors":"Erin Wepruk, A. Diochon, L. V. Van Eerd, E. Gregorich, B. Deen, D. Hooker","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2021-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2021-0161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) are established indicators of management-induced change and have been used to estimate the soil carbon storage capacity and storage potential. Here, we use SOM physical fractions and soil textures to identify management practices that maintain or enhance soil health and carbon storage in agricultural soils in Ontario. Metadata from the National Soil Database were used to estimate carbon storage potentials and calculate carbon deficits. A map was created showing carbon deficits in Ontario's agricultural soils and indicates that these soils have the potential to store an additional 0 to 2kgm−2 in the top 20cm of the soil. Tillage system generally had no effect on the size of the carbon deficit at four long-term agricultural experiments (Delhi, Elora, Ottawa, and Ridgetown). There was only a significant tillage effect at Ridgetown and only in the maize–soybean crop rotation, where the carbon deficit was 2.95gCkgsoil−1 under conventional tillage compared to 8.97gCkgsoil−1 with no tillage. A statistically significant effect of crop rotation was detected in Elora and Ridgetown. In Elora, continuous alfalfa had the smallest carbon deficit (7.25gCkgsoil−1) and maize–soybean rotation had the largest deficit (12.07gCkgsoil−1). In Ridgetown, the maize–soybean rotation had the smallest carbon deficit (2.95gCkgsoil−1). Regression analysis showed a weak negative relationship (R2=0.11; P<0.001) between carbon storage deficits and soil health scores. This suggests that increasing SOM levels alone may not improve soil health.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"191 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rhizomes of wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) extend horizontally, creating spatial dependency when fertilization trials are performed. Knowing this spatial dependency would help researchers to better design field studies. Here, we used labelled nitrogen (N) fertilizer (15N-(NH4)2SO4) to measure N translocation among blueberry stems for one old (56year) and one younger (15year) commercial field. Leaf 15N concentrations at the tip-dieback stage were used to monitor N acquisition. No difference between sites suggests no field age effect on N translocation. Spatial dependency and independency were reached for distances of ≤0.75 and ≥1.75m from the fertilizer application point, respectively.
{"title":"Spatial dependency and independency of nitrogen in lowbush blueberry commercial fields","authors":"Anthony J. Pelletier, J. Lafond, M. Paré","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rhizomes of wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) extend horizontally, creating spatial dependency when fertilization trials are performed. Knowing this spatial dependency would help researchers to better design field studies. Here, we used labelled nitrogen (N) fertilizer (15N-(NH4)2SO4) to measure N translocation among blueberry stems for one old (56year) and one younger (15year) commercial field. Leaf 15N concentrations at the tip-dieback stage were used to monitor N acquisition. No difference between sites suggests no field age effect on N translocation. Spatial dependency and independency were reached for distances of ≤0.75 and ≥1.75m from the fertilizer application point, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"264 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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