Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola最新文献

Objectives

To compare the hearing outcomes of ossicular chain reconstruction using bone cement versus other materials such as prostheses and autografts.

Methods

This study included articles that compared hearing outcomes in patients with conductive hearing loss who underwent stapes revision surgery or chronic otitis media surgery. A systematic search for articles from January 2000 to February 2022 was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Only articles in English were included. An effective postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was defined as ≤20 dB. A bias assessment tool was developed according to Cochrane guidelines, and the chi-square test was used to evaluate the mean age of the samples.

Results

Of the 418 studies that met the selection criteria, only seven were eligible for this study, consisting of 187 patients in the bone cement group and 173 in the non-bone cement group. Ossiculoplasty using bone cement yielded significantly better results, with a combined odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.16–3.55, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the effectiveness of bone cement in ossiculoplasty was greater than that of other materials in chronic otitis media surgery or stapes revision surgery, with a higher number of patients achieving ABG ≤20 dB.

Aim

The study aimed to define the coursing pattern of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) in the orbit to minimize complications during endoscopic interventions.

Materials and methods

A total of ten formalin-fixed cadaveric halves were included in the study. Orbital regions were shown with a superior approach. The superior rectus and superior oblique muscles, as well as the connective tissue and vessels were removed to observe the path of the anterior ethmoidal artery. Measurements such as the width of the artery, the anterior-posterior length of the U formation, the length of the intraorbital part of the ophthalmic artery, and the distance of the AEA from its opthalmic origin to the anterior ethmoidal foramen were made.

Results

Ten of the AEAs originated from the ophthalmic artery. The AEA branches originated from the ophthalmic artery approximately 18.4 mm after the orbital artery entered the orbital, and the mean width of the AEAs was 0.82 mm. In seven of the total anterior ethmoidal arteries, they coursed in the intraethmoidal cavities below the cranial base. The mean distance from the origin of AEAs to the medial wall of the orbit was 4.9 mm. After leaving the ophthalmic artery, seven of the AEAs were coursing forward and turned back ('U' turn formation), which have proximately 1.5 mm in anteroposterior direction.

Conclusion

The anterior ethmoidal artery is 0.8 mm wide, originates from the distal part of the ophthalmic artery, entering the orbit after a 1.5 mm U-turn.

Objetivos

comparar entre el índice de neutrófilos linfocitos (NLR) y el volumen plaquetario medio (VPM) en la predicción de la viscosidad del derrame en la otitis media con derrame.

Materiales y métodos

Se incluyeron en el estudio 248 niños con derrame en el oído medio. Se evaluaron los hemogramas completos (CBC) preoperatorios. Se registraron los valores de NLR y MPV. La viscosidad del derrame se evaluó durante la cirugía mientras se aspiraba el derrame después de la miringotomía. Se clasificaron 2 tipos de derrames; tipos serosos y mucoides.

Resultados

se reportaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en NLR y MPV entre los derrames serosos y mucoides. Los valores de corte de NLR y MPV para diferenciar entre derrames serosos y mucoides fueron 1,21 y 7,95 respectivamente. Cuando se compararon NLR y MPV, NLR pareció tener mayor sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión diagnóstica que MPV.

Conclusión

NLR es superior a MPV como predictor de la viscosidad del derrame en otitis media con derrame. Ambos marcadores se consideran rentables y fiables para la evaluación de la viscosidad del derrame.

Background and objective

Nodal metastases in the central compartment are frequent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, they are mostly micrometastases with no impact on survival and their relevance on the risk of locoregional relapse is controversial.

There is no consensus regarding optimal management of the central neck in patients with PTC cN0. In our center, we do not perform prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND). The objective of this study is to review our long-term results and compare them with the most recent literature.

Patients and methods

Retrospective review of patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) without CND between 2005 and 2017. Primary result was disease-free survival in the neck (DFS).

Results

321 patients were identified, mostly T1-T2 tumors (94.1%). Median follow-up was 90 months. DFS in the central compartment was excellent (96.1% at 10 year’s follow-up). 19 patients had cervical recurrence, of which 15 underwent salvage surgery.

On their last visit, including salvage surgery when appropriate, 77% of patients had excellent response, 18.7% had indeterminate response, 3.1% had biochemically incomplete response and 1.2% had morphologically incomplete response. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis after TT was transient in 4.7% of patients and permanent in 0.9% of patients. There were no RLN paralysis after salvage surgery. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 3.4% of patients. Only one patient had hypoparathyroidism after salvage surgery and it was permanent.

Conclusions

Based on long-term results and low rate of complications associated with salvage surgery in our experience, we consider routine pCND is not justified.

Among the symptoms presented by patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection, we can find various otorhinolaryngological alterations. Dysphonia appears in up to 79% of infected patients during the acute phase. Dysphonia can also occur as a sequelae, often underestimated, possibly due to its appearance along with other symptoms, also in patients after prolonged intubation or tracheostomy. We present a systematic review of the literature with a bibliographic search in PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar, with MESH terms including studies in English and Spanish. The results of the studies found and the vocal manifestations in patients during COVID-19 disease and the consequences produced are analysed. Dysphonia is an acute manifestation of COVID-19 with alterations in aerodynamic and acoustic analysis and in fibrolaryngoscopy. Post-COVID dysphonia can be a persistent symptom that is often underestimated, requiring multidisciplinary management and speech therapy intervention. Laryngeal sequelae are common in post-intubation or post-tracheostomy patients and are related to intubation time, tube number, pronation and respiratory sequelae.