Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000126
Hong Niu, Ziyan Tang, Qiang Chi, Lina Du, Yiguang Jin
The likelihood of radiation-induced injury (RII) has increased. Currently, the chemical drugs used to prevent and control radiation damage have some drawbacks, such as high toxicity, which can also have other side effects on the body. However, many traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers, single TCM, and compound TCM preparations have shown good therapeutic effects against radiation damage with increased safety and minimal adverse reactions. Therefore, new anti-RII TCMs must be explored and developed. This study reviewed the TCM preparations for the prevention and treatment of RII and their mechanisms of action to provide a better theoretical basis for research on the prevention and treatment of RII. TCM is an efficient, safe, and convenient strategy for the prevention and treatment of RII. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A127.
{"title":"Formulations of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced injury","authors":"Hong Niu, Ziyan Tang, Qiang Chi, Lina Du, Yiguang Jin","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000126","url":null,"abstract":"The likelihood of radiation-induced injury (RII) has increased. Currently, the chemical drugs used to prevent and control radiation damage have some drawbacks, such as high toxicity, which can also have other side effects on the body. However, many traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers, single TCM, and compound TCM preparations have shown good therapeutic effects against radiation damage with increased safety and minimal adverse reactions. Therefore, new anti-RII TCMs must be explored and developed. This study reviewed the TCM preparations for the prevention and treatment of RII and their mechanisms of action to provide a better theoretical basis for research on the prevention and treatment of RII. TCM is an efficient, safe, and convenient strategy for the prevention and treatment of RII.\u0000 Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A127.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000125
Yifei Xu, Qianqian Liang, Hao Xu
Co-inhibitory receptors serve as crucial regulators of T-cell function, playing a pivotal role in modulating the delicate balance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Initially identified in autoimmune disease models, co-inhibitory receptors, including CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, and TIGIT, were found to be integral for immune regulation. Their blockade or absence in these models resulted in the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, scholars have observed that co-inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes hold the potential to influence the prognosis in the context of chronic inflammation. Consequently, the blocking of co-suppressor receptors has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for inhibiting refractory inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. From the standpoint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on the “strengthening body resistance (Fú Zhèng)” theory can be construed as the regulation of co-suppressor receptors to modulate the body's immune function in combating chronic inflammation. This article provides a succinct overview of the role of co-suppressor receptors in anti-inflammatory processes and explores the research prospects of co-suppressor receptor intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The exploration integrates the “strengthening body resistance (Fú Zhèng)” theory with relevant Chinese medicine formulations. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A128.
{"title":"New Perspective on the Treatment of Rheumatic Arthritis Based on “Strengthening Body Resistance (Fú Zhèng)” in the Theory of Co-inhibitory Receptor-regulated T-Cell Immunity","authors":"Yifei Xu, Qianqian Liang, Hao Xu","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000125","url":null,"abstract":"Co-inhibitory receptors serve as crucial regulators of T-cell function, playing a pivotal role in modulating the delicate balance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Initially identified in autoimmune disease models, co-inhibitory receptors, including CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, and TIGIT, were found to be integral for immune regulation. Their blockade or absence in these models resulted in the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, scholars have observed that co-inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes hold the potential to influence the prognosis in the context of chronic inflammation. Consequently, the blocking of co-suppressor receptors has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for inhibiting refractory inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. From the standpoint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on the “strengthening body resistance (Fú Zhèng)” theory can be construed as the regulation of co-suppressor receptors to modulate the body's immune function in combating chronic inflammation. This article provides a succinct overview of the role of co-suppressor receptors in anti-inflammatory processes and explores the research prospects of co-suppressor receptor intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The exploration integrates the “strengthening body resistance (Fú Zhèng)” theory with relevant Chinese medicine formulations.\u0000 Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A128.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000123
Kailynn J. Yang, Liana Y.A. Bautista, Danielle G. Iben, Dana H. Tran
Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in Asia owing to its anti-inflammatory, cognitive, and immune effects. Many of these properties can be attributed to the ginsenosides, major pharmacological agents of ginseng. Ginsenosides influence the innate and humoral immune responses, and previous studies have described ginsenosides as potential therapeutic agents for respiratory disorders. Asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide and is underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite the availability of diagnostic tools and therapies. This review summarizes current studies on ginseng as an anti-asthmatic agent in murine models. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to conduct a systematic search of published literature until March 29, 2023. Eight full-text articles that examined the association between ginseng and asthma were reviewed. The findings of this study demonstrate that Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, and ginsenosides exert an anti-asthmatic effect, primarily through reduction in mucus cell hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th2 cytokines, and inhibition of inflammatory NFB and COX2 pathways. We suggest that ginseng has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of asthma. As this analysis utilized murine models, the anti-asthmatic effects of ginseng must be further supported by laboratory studies and clinical trials.
{"title":"The Role of Ginseng as an Anti-Asthmatic Agent","authors":"Kailynn J. Yang, Liana Y.A. Bautista, Danielle G. Iben, Dana H. Tran","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in Asia owing to its anti-inflammatory, cognitive, and immune effects. Many of these properties can be attributed to the ginsenosides, major pharmacological agents of ginseng. Ginsenosides influence the innate and humoral immune responses, and previous studies have described ginsenosides as potential therapeutic agents for respiratory disorders. Asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide and is underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite the availability of diagnostic tools and therapies. This review summarizes current studies on ginseng as an anti-asthmatic agent in murine models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to conduct a systematic search of published literature until March 29, 2023. Eight full-text articles that examined the association between ginseng and asthma were reviewed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings of this study demonstrate that Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, and ginsenosides exert an anti-asthmatic effect, primarily through reduction in mucus cell hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th2 cytokines, and inhibition of inflammatory NFB and COX2 pathways.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We suggest that ginseng has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of asthma. As this analysis utilized murine models, the anti-asthmatic effects of ginseng must be further supported by laboratory studies and clinical trials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000115
Ye Xiu, Zhixin Wu, Yichong Chen, Wenqing Mu, Xiaomei Zhao, Ming Dong, Yurong Li, Zhaofang Bai, Xiaohe Xiao
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a commonly used tonic herb known to cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). This study explored the detoxification effects and potential mechanisms of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) on PM-induced IDILI. Network pharmacology analysis was utilized to predict the related targets of "PRA-PM-innate immunity.” A non-hepatotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PM-induced IDILI model was used to evaluate the detoxification effects of PRA by measuring liver function indicators, pathological examinations, and macrophage-related factors. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with IL-4 to differentiate into M2 macrophages, and the effects of PM and PRA on M2 macrophage polarization were explored. Target screening of "PRA-PM-innate immunity" identified 21 intersecting targets, most of which were closely associated with macrophage polarization. In rat models of IDILI induced by PM, the combined use of PRA significantly reduced the extent of liver damage and the levels of inflammatory factors, while promoting the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors such as IL-4, IL-10, Arg1, and CD206. In vitro, PM dose-dependently inhibited the expression of the Arg1 protein and M2 macrophage-related genes, whereas PRA exhibited the opposite effect. When used in combination, PRA ameliorated the inhibitory effect of PM on M2 macrophage polarization. Our results demonstrate that PRA has a therapeutic effect on PM-induced IDILI; its mechanism may involve alleviating liver injury by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, thus reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.
{"title":"Paeoniae Radix Alba effectively attenuates Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. -induced idiosyncratic liver injury by modulating M2 macrophage polarization","authors":"Ye Xiu, Zhixin Wu, Yichong Chen, Wenqing Mu, Xiaomei Zhao, Ming Dong, Yurong Li, Zhaofang Bai, Xiaohe Xiao","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a commonly used tonic herb known to cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). This study explored the detoxification effects and potential mechanisms of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) on PM-induced IDILI.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Network pharmacology analysis was utilized to predict the related targets of \"PRA-PM-innate immunity.” A non-hepatotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PM-induced IDILI model was used to evaluate the detoxification effects of PRA by measuring liver function indicators, pathological examinations, and macrophage-related factors. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with IL-4 to differentiate into M2 macrophages, and the effects of PM and PRA on M2 macrophage polarization were explored.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Target screening of \"PRA-PM-innate immunity\" identified 21 intersecting targets, most of which were closely associated with macrophage polarization. In rat models of IDILI induced by PM, the combined use of PRA significantly reduced the extent of liver damage and the levels of inflammatory factors, while promoting the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors such as IL-4, IL-10, Arg1, and CD206. In vitro, PM dose-dependently inhibited the expression of the Arg1 protein and M2 macrophage-related genes, whereas PRA exhibited the opposite effect. When used in combination, PRA ameliorated the inhibitory effect of PM on M2 macrophage polarization.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results demonstrate that PRA has a therapeutic effect on PM-induced IDILI; its mechanism may involve alleviating liver injury by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, thus reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000117
Qianhui Tang, Qinwei Yu, Bin Ni, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang
Psoraleae Fructus, the dried mature fruit of the leguminous plant Psoralea corylifolia L., contains flavonoids, coumarins, monoterpene phenols, and benzofurans. It exhibits various pharmacological activities, including immune regulation, antioxidant properties, photosensitivity, and estrogen-like effects, and finds extensive use in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis, vitiligo, and psoriasis. Extensive pharmacological research has demonstrated that Psoraleae Fructus and its components improve liver function and protect hepatocytes in animal and cellular models of liver diseases. Moreover, with the increasing clinical applications of Psoraleae Fructus and its derivatives, as well as the progression in adverse drug reaction surveillance, there is an increase in clinical cases involving these preparations and the enhancement of monitoring for any adverse reactions linked to Psoraleae Fructus and its related compounds. Here, we examined the hepatoprotective effects and hepatotoxicity of the monomer components, extracts, and related preparations of Psoraleae Fructus. We aim to contribute to safety evaluation, facilitate informed clinical application, and foster advancements in Psoraleae Fructus and its derivatives.
Psoraleae Fructus 是豆科植物 Psoralea corylifolia L. 的干燥成熟果实，含有黄酮类、香豆素、单萜酚和苯并呋喃。它具有多种药理活性，包括免疫调节、抗氧化性、光敏性和雌激素样作用，被广泛用于骨质疏松症、白癜风和牛皮癣的临床治疗。广泛的药理研究表明，在肝脏疾病的动物模型和细胞模型中，车前子及其成分能改善肝功能，保护肝细胞。此外，随着车前子及其衍生物临床应用的不断增加，以及药物不良反应监测工作的不断推进，涉及这些制剂的临床病例也在不断增加，同时也加强了对车前子及其相关化合物不良反应的监测。在此，我们研究了车前子单体成分、提取物和相关制剂的保肝作用和肝毒性。我们的目标是为安全性评估做出贡献，促进知情临床应用，并推动车前子及其衍生物的发展。
{"title":"Dual effects of Psoraleae Fructus on the liver: hepatoprotection or hepatoxicity?","authors":"Qianhui Tang, Qinwei Yu, Bin Ni, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000117","url":null,"abstract":"Psoraleae Fructus, the dried mature fruit of the leguminous plant Psoralea corylifolia L., contains flavonoids, coumarins, monoterpene phenols, and benzofurans. It exhibits various pharmacological activities, including immune regulation, antioxidant properties, photosensitivity, and estrogen-like effects, and finds extensive use in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis, vitiligo, and psoriasis. Extensive pharmacological research has demonstrated that Psoraleae Fructus and its components improve liver function and protect hepatocytes in animal and cellular models of liver diseases. Moreover, with the increasing clinical applications of Psoraleae Fructus and its derivatives, as well as the progression in adverse drug reaction surveillance, there is an increase in clinical cases involving these preparations and the enhancement of monitoring for any adverse reactions linked to Psoraleae Fructus and its related compounds. Here, we examined the hepatoprotective effects and hepatotoxicity of the monomer components, extracts, and related preparations of Psoraleae Fructus. We aim to contribute to safety evaluation, facilitate informed clinical application, and foster advancements in Psoraleae Fructus and its derivatives.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, as the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) becomes increasingly widespread globally, TCM is confronted with numerous new safety issues and challenges. In particular, the frequent emergence of safety issues/events such as liver and kidney injury associated with traditionally “non-toxic” TCMs has overturned the traditional understanding of the toxicity and safety of TCM. This has also posed significant challenges to the development and internationalization of TCM. So, how should we understand the situation and problems of TCM safety? How can we scientifically solve the problems in evaluation and risk control of TCM? Our team proposes the following: First, we must keep pace with the times and view the issues of TCM safety in a dialectical manner, without exaggeration or underestimation. Second, we must break through the traditional perception that toxicity only came from the medicine itself, and innovate the theories of TCM toxicity. Third, we must establish precise prevention and control strategies for TCM with different types of toxicity, promoting a shift in the management of TCM safety risks from passive response to scientific and proactive control. On this basis, we have put forward the concept and methodological system of the “New Outlook on TCM Safety”, hoping to provide new theories, strategies, methods, and successful examples for systematically solving the problems in the evaluation and risk control of TCM.
{"title":"Safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine: New era, new strategy","authors":"Zhao Xu, Zhao-fang Bai, Xiao-yan Zhan, Jia‐bo Wang, Cheng Yung-chi, Xiao-he Xiao","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000119","url":null,"abstract":"Today, as the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) becomes increasingly widespread globally, TCM is confronted with numerous new safety issues and challenges. In particular, the frequent emergence of safety issues/events such as liver and kidney injury associated with traditionally “non-toxic” TCMs has overturned the traditional understanding of the toxicity and safety of TCM. This has also posed significant challenges to the development and internationalization of TCM. So, how should we understand the situation and problems of TCM safety? How can we scientifically solve the problems in evaluation and risk control of TCM? Our team proposes the following: First, we must keep pace with the times and view the issues of TCM safety in a dialectical manner, without exaggeration or underestimation. Second, we must break through the traditional perception that toxicity only came from the medicine itself, and innovate the theories of TCM toxicity. Third, we must establish precise prevention and control strategies for TCM with different types of toxicity, promoting a shift in the management of TCM safety risks from passive response to scientific and proactive control. On this basis, we have put forward the concept and methodological system of the “New Outlook on TCM Safety”, hoping to provide new theories, strategies, methods, and successful examples for systematically solving the problems in the evaluation and risk control of TCM.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000114
Xin Li, Ranyun Chen, Shuni Duan, Yijie Li, Huiping Zhou, Runping Liu, Rong Sun
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR), also known as Xixin, has been broadly used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia and is an important component of classic prescriptions, including mahuang fuzi xixin decoction. It was initially classified as a “top grade” herb in ancient Chinese Pharmacopeia, Shennong’s Materia Medica. Volatile oils, lignans, fatty acids, flavonoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds are the main ARR components. Previous pharmacological studies have shown that ARR exerts beneficial effects in humans for treating headaches, toothaches, and several inflammatory diseases by dispelling wind and cold, alleviating pain, and eliminating phlegm. However, “the dosage of ARR should not exceed one coin (approximately 3.75 grams)”, as stated in Shizhen Li’s Compendium of Materia, emphasized the considerable ARR toxicity and significantly constrained its clinical application. This review aimed to consolidate recent advancements in the understanding of the toxic ARR components. Additionally, we provide an overview of the hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity of ARR and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study reviews the limitations of current studies and enhances our understanding of the toxic effects of ARR from the perspective of its toxic components and mechanisms, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the rational clinical practice of ARR-based medications.
Asari Radix et Rhizoma（ARR），又名西新，在东亚被广泛用作传统草药，是麻黄附子西新煎等经典处方的重要组成部分。中国古代药典《神农本草经》最初将其列为 "上品 "药材。挥发油、木脂素、脂肪酸、黄酮类和含氮化合物是 ARR 的主要成分。以往的药理研究表明，ARR 具有祛风散寒、止痛化痰的功效，可用于治疗头痛、牙痛和多种炎症。然而，《李时珍本草纲目》中记载的 "阿胶用量不可过一钱（约 3.75 克）"，强调了阿胶的毒性较大，极大地限制了其临床应用。本综述旨在总结近年来在了解 ARR 毒性成分方面取得的进展。此外，我们还概述了 ARR 的肝毒性、遗传毒性、神经毒性和肺毒性，并讨论了其潜在的分子机制。本研究回顾了当前研究的局限性，从毒性成分和机制的角度加深了我们对 ARR 毒性作用的理解，从而为基于 ARR 的药物的合理临床实践提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Research progress on the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma","authors":"Xin Li, Ranyun Chen, Shuni Duan, Yijie Li, Huiping Zhou, Runping Liu, Rong Sun","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR), also known as Xixin, has been broadly used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia and is an important component of classic prescriptions, including mahuang fuzi xixin decoction. It was initially classified as a “top grade” herb in ancient Chinese Pharmacopeia, Shennong’s Materia Medica. Volatile oils, lignans, fatty acids, flavonoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds are the main ARR components. Previous pharmacological studies have shown that ARR exerts beneficial effects in humans for treating headaches, toothaches, and several inflammatory diseases by dispelling wind and cold, alleviating pain, and eliminating phlegm. However, “the dosage of ARR should not exceed one coin (approximately 3.75 grams)”, as stated in Shizhen Li’s Compendium of Materia, emphasized the considerable ARR toxicity and significantly constrained its clinical application. This review aimed to consolidate recent advancements in the understanding of the toxic ARR components. Additionally, we provide an overview of the hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity of ARR and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study reviews the limitations of current studies and enhances our understanding of the toxic effects of ARR from the perspective of its toxic components and mechanisms, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the rational clinical practice of ARR-based medications.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polygoni Multiflori Radix is a Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment and preventive healthcare. However, recently there have been frequent reports of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its related preparations, and some patients have serious adverse outcomes, attracting wide attention worldwide. The risk of liver damage caused by preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix or Polygoni Multiflori Caulis has been repeatedly reported by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration. Fortunately, substantial progress has recently been made in revealing the basic properties, main causes, material basis, and molecular mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-related liver injury. The basic characteristics and biomarkers of susceptible people have been identified, indicating that Polygoni Multiflori Radix has the risk of inducing liver injury only in a few specific populations and is safe for most populations. This study provides a scientific basis for a correct and objective understanding of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and a reasonable formulation of safe medication measures for Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in relevant fields across the country to draft and formulate the “Guidelines for Safe Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,” with the aim of helping the public and relevant institutions at home and abroad to scientifically understand, evaluate, and avoid the risk of liver injury; guide the rational use; protect the health rights and interests of consumers; and promote the healthy and sustainable development of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. These guidelines were issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine (No.T/CACM 1328-2019).
{"title":"Guidelines for safe use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix","authors":"Xiaohe Xiao, Jiabo Wang, Haibo Song, Dongsheng Ouyang, Zhengsheng Zou, Ruilin Wang, Tingting He, Jing Jing, Yuming Guo, Zhaofang Bai, Xiaoyan Zhan, Ming Niu, Zhijie Ma, Chunyu Li","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000113","url":null,"abstract":"Polygoni Multiflori Radix is a Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment and preventive healthcare. However, recently there have been frequent reports of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its related preparations, and some patients have serious adverse outcomes, attracting wide attention worldwide. The risk of liver damage caused by preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix or Polygoni Multiflori Caulis has been repeatedly reported by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration. Fortunately, substantial progress has recently been made in revealing the basic properties, main causes, material basis, and molecular mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-related liver injury. The basic characteristics and biomarkers of susceptible people have been identified, indicating that Polygoni Multiflori Radix has the risk of inducing liver injury only in a few specific populations and is safe for most populations. This study provides a scientific basis for a correct and objective understanding of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and a reasonable formulation of safe medication measures for Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in relevant fields across the country to draft and formulate the “Guidelines for Safe Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,” with the aim of helping the public and relevant institutions at home and abroad to scientifically understand, evaluate, and avoid the risk of liver injury; guide the rational use; protect the health rights and interests of consumers; and promote the healthy and sustainable development of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. These guidelines were issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine (No.T/CACM 1328-2019).","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the acute toxicity and chemical ingredients of Psoraleae Fructus (PF) with those of two classic prescriptions, Ershen Wan (ESW) and Sishen Wan (SSW). Based on classical toxicological methods, body weight, food and water consumption, lethal conditions, and toxic reactions were recorded after administering single oral doses of PF, ESW, and SSW. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) values of PF and ESW and the maximum tolerance dose (MTD) of SSW were determined. In addition, PF, ESW, and SSW constituents were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the spectrum-toxicity correlation was analyzed. The LD50 of PF and ESW were 53.9 g/kg/d (46.2–63.0 g/kg/d, 95% CL) and 68.3 g/kg/d (59.0–78.9 g/kg/d, 95% CL), which were respectively about 40 times and 50 times of the human daily dosage. The MTD of SSW was 41.0 g/kg/d, indicating the highest safety. The chemical ingredients and toxicity correlation analyses inferred that compatibility reduced the contents of 13 potential hepatotoxin compounds in PF. The classic compatibility of ESW and SSW effectively attenuated the hepatotoxicity of PF, which was related to the reduced content of potentially toxic substances, particularly coumarins. This study explored the principles of attenuating the toxicity of classic prescriptions to provide a reference for the rational clinical use of PF.
{"title":"The Correlation between Chemical Ingredients and Acute Toxicity of Psoraleae Fructus and Two Classic Prescriptions","authors":"Zhuo Shi, Jin-chao Pan, Cheng Zhang, Jia-lu Cui, Xiang-jun Wu, Fang-yang Li, Mao-xing Li, Cheng-rong Xiao, Zengchun Ma, Yuguang Wang, Yue Gao","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To compare the acute toxicity and chemical ingredients of Psoraleae Fructus (PF) with those of two classic prescriptions, Ershen Wan (ESW) and Sishen Wan (SSW).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on classical toxicological methods, body weight, food and water consumption, lethal conditions, and toxic reactions were recorded after administering single oral doses of PF, ESW, and SSW. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) values of PF and ESW and the maximum tolerance dose (MTD) of SSW were determined. In addition, PF, ESW, and SSW constituents were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the spectrum-toxicity correlation was analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The LD50 of PF and ESW were 53.9 g/kg/d (46.2–63.0 g/kg/d, 95% CL) and 68.3 g/kg/d (59.0–78.9 g/kg/d, 95% CL), which were respectively about 40 times and 50 times of the human daily dosage. The MTD of SSW was 41.0 g/kg/d, indicating the highest safety. The chemical ingredients and toxicity correlation analyses inferred that compatibility reduced the contents of 13 potential hepatotoxin compounds in PF.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The classic compatibility of ESW and SSW effectively attenuated the hepatotoxicity of PF, which was related to the reduced content of potentially toxic substances, particularly coumarins. This study explored the principles of attenuating the toxicity of classic prescriptions to provide a reference for the rational clinical use of PF.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000110
Willow JH Liu
{"title":"Regulation and application of Chinese herbs in the US—Misuse is the main cause of toxic incidents","authors":"Willow JH Liu","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：