Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000071
Nan Ge, Guang-li Yan, Hui Sun, Le Yang, Ling Kong, Ye Sun, Ying Han, Qiqi Zhao, Shuyu Kang, Xi-jun Wang
The discovery of effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important approach in new drug development. Several well-known drugs, such as artemisinin, berberine, and ephedrine have been developed using this approach. However, the efficacy and safety of TCM, two key issues for drug development based on TCM clinical experience, remain unclear worldwide. The discovery strategy of relevant constituents is the most important step for determining efficacy and safety, which still a key scientific problem that restricts the development of new drugs. Furthermore, TCM formulas used as clinical drugs address a specific TCM syndrome (Zheng), and the complexity of the formula and vagueness of the syndrome make the identification of the effective constituents related to clinical effectiveness challenging. Over decades, researchers have developed transdisciplinary technologies and research methodologies to identify effective constituents in vivo. In this paper, the history of strategy development for identifying the effective constituents related to the clinical efficacy of TCM is reviewed and summarized. The main approaches include the phytochemical method, which involves the classical systematic separation and screening (extraction, separation, purification, structure identification, and activity test); bioactivity-guided separation; serum pharmacochemistry of TCM in vivo; and Chinmedomics, which connects in vivo constituents with the biomarkers of the relevant TCM syndrome. Chinmedomics is a promising strategy that conforms to the theory and characteristics of TCM. By clarifying the effective constituents, targets and pathways of medicines, it can promote the discovery of lead compounds and the research of innovative drugs, and continuously promote the modernization of TCM. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A64.
{"title":"Version updates of strategies for drug discovery based on effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Nan Ge, Guang-li Yan, Hui Sun, Le Yang, Ling Kong, Ye Sun, Ying Han, Qiqi Zhao, Shuyu Kang, Xi-jun Wang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000071","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important approach in new drug development. Several well-known drugs, such as artemisinin, berberine, and ephedrine have been developed using this approach. However, the efficacy and safety of TCM, two key issues for drug development based on TCM clinical experience, remain unclear worldwide. The discovery strategy of relevant constituents is the most important step for determining efficacy and safety, which still a key scientific problem that restricts the development of new drugs. Furthermore, TCM formulas used as clinical drugs address a specific TCM syndrome (Zheng), and the complexity of the formula and vagueness of the syndrome make the identification of the effective constituents related to clinical effectiveness challenging. Over decades, researchers have developed transdisciplinary technologies and research methodologies to identify effective constituents in vivo. In this paper, the history of strategy development for identifying the effective constituents related to the clinical efficacy of TCM is reviewed and summarized. The main approaches include the phytochemical method, which involves the classical systematic separation and screening (extraction, separation, purification, structure identification, and activity test); bioactivity-guided separation; serum pharmacochemistry of TCM in vivo; and Chinmedomics, which connects in vivo constituents with the biomarkers of the relevant TCM syndrome. Chinmedomics is a promising strategy that conforms to the theory and characteristics of TCM. By clarifying the effective constituents, targets and pathways of medicines, it can promote the discovery of lead compounds and the research of innovative drugs, and continuously promote the modernization of TCM. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A64.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"2014 1","pages":"158 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87840454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia disease and is associated with several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Consequently, the mortality rate of AF has increased in recent years. At present, the treatment of AF is mainly based on medication and radiofrequency ablation, but there are limitations such as adverse reactions and high recurrence rates. Recently, autonomic nervous regulation has become a new treatment for AF. Our previous study showed that acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) point can treat AF by regulating autonomic balance. The autonomic nervous system can be structurally divided into the central autonomic nervous (CAN) and the peripheral autonomic nervous (PAN). Several studies have shown a correlation between acupuncture and the treatment of AF and CAN. In the clinic, the positive effect of acupuncture on AF has been realized gradually, and growing experimental studies have further discovered the potential mechanism of acupuncture on AF by regulating the CAN. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on summarizing the CAN mechanism related to acupuncture in the treatment of AF to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of AF. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A63.
{"title":"Research progress on central autonomic nervous mechanism of acupuncture at Neiguan point in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","authors":"Jingjie Huang, Jing-Lan Yan, Taiyi Wang, Yongjun Chen","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000070","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia disease and is associated with several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Consequently, the mortality rate of AF has increased in recent years. At present, the treatment of AF is mainly based on medication and radiofrequency ablation, but there are limitations such as adverse reactions and high recurrence rates. Recently, autonomic nervous regulation has become a new treatment for AF. Our previous study showed that acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) point can treat AF by regulating autonomic balance. The autonomic nervous system can be structurally divided into the central autonomic nervous (CAN) and the peripheral autonomic nervous (PAN). Several studies have shown a correlation between acupuncture and the treatment of AF and CAN. In the clinic, the positive effect of acupuncture on AF has been realized gradually, and growing experimental studies have further discovered the potential mechanism of acupuncture on AF by regulating the CAN. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on summarizing the CAN mechanism related to acupuncture in the treatment of AF to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of AF. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A63.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"334 8","pages":"149 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91470882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000068
Qianru Zhao, Ronghua Zhao, Zi-han Geng, Lei Bao, Shan-shan Guo, Yu Wang, X. Cui
Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the action of Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD) and their mechanism of action in a model of coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions. Methods: A total of 60 Bagg Albino (BALB/c) mice were randomly assigned to different groups, including the control, model, low-dose XFBD (1.84 g/kg), medium-dose XFBD (3.67 g/kg), and high-dose XFBD (7.34 g/kg) groups. To simulate the model of coronavirus infection, a combination of cold and damp stimuli and coronavirus strain 229E (CoV 229E) was employed. Subsequently, XFBD was administered on the fifth day and lasted for 3 days. To evaluate the efficacy of XFBD in BALB/c mice, various parameters, including behavior, lung index, viral load, and pulmonary pathology, were observed. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fractions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were measured using flow cytometry. Results: The mice in the control group were active, in good condition, and exhibited shiny hair. After modeling, the mice demonstrated less activity, low energy levels, messy and less shiny hair, poor appetite, and soft stools. The symptoms of coronavirus pneumonia were all significantly improved after the administration of different doses of XFBD. At three dosage levels, XFBD effectively increased gastrin (GAS) content, whereas medium and high doses of XFBD reduced motilin (MTL) content. The high-dose XFBD group showed a significant reduction in pathological damage to lung tissue. Treatment with three doses of XFBD demonstrated significant downregulation of inflammatory factors and regulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and B cell expression. The high-dose XFBD group exhibited enhanced efficacy compared to the other doses. Conclusions: XFBD showed a therapeutic effect on coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions, improved the behavioral characterization and gastrointestinal index, and reduced the lung virus titer and histopathology. This may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and an increase in the number of lymphocytes. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A61.
{"title":"Xuanfei Baidu granule alleviates coronavirus-induced pneumonia in low-temperature and high-humidity environments","authors":"Qianru Zhao, Ronghua Zhao, Zi-han Geng, Lei Bao, Shan-shan Guo, Yu Wang, X. Cui","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000068","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the action of Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD) and their mechanism of action in a model of coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions. Methods: A total of 60 Bagg Albino (BALB/c) mice were randomly assigned to different groups, including the control, model, low-dose XFBD (1.84 g/kg), medium-dose XFBD (3.67 g/kg), and high-dose XFBD (7.34 g/kg) groups. To simulate the model of coronavirus infection, a combination of cold and damp stimuli and coronavirus strain 229E (CoV 229E) was employed. Subsequently, XFBD was administered on the fifth day and lasted for 3 days. To evaluate the efficacy of XFBD in BALB/c mice, various parameters, including behavior, lung index, viral load, and pulmonary pathology, were observed. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fractions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were measured using flow cytometry. Results: The mice in the control group were active, in good condition, and exhibited shiny hair. After modeling, the mice demonstrated less activity, low energy levels, messy and less shiny hair, poor appetite, and soft stools. The symptoms of coronavirus pneumonia were all significantly improved after the administration of different doses of XFBD. At three dosage levels, XFBD effectively increased gastrin (GAS) content, whereas medium and high doses of XFBD reduced motilin (MTL) content. The high-dose XFBD group showed a significant reduction in pathological damage to lung tissue. Treatment with three doses of XFBD demonstrated significant downregulation of inflammatory factors and regulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and B cell expression. The high-dose XFBD group exhibited enhanced efficacy compared to the other doses. Conclusions: XFBD showed a therapeutic effect on coronavirus pneumonia under cold and damp conditions, improved the behavioral characterization and gastrointestinal index, and reduced the lung virus titer and histopathology. This may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and an increase in the number of lymphocytes. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A61.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"200 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86454167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000024
Rui Chen, Ke Meng, Caijun Wang, Q. Lyu, Di Jiang, X-Q Ding, Jinpeng Xu, Lin Wang, Yujing Wang, Kun Zhou, Yi Wang
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Tongmai Yangxin pills (TM) can attenuate ventricular remodeling (VR) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: After the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model has been established, the rats were divided into seven groups: control, Sham, I/R, TM (1.0 g/kg), TM (2.0 g/kg), TM (4.0 g/kg), and Tongxinluo capsules, respectively. Experimental parameters were assessed on days 3 and 28 after drug administration. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial ischemia was quantified using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and the cardiac pathology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Myocardial enzyme and oxidant activities were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer and kit, respectively. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to analyze the degree of collagen deposition. The expression levels of inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: After 3 days of administration, TM improved cardiac function and morphology. It effectively reduced the area of myocardial infarction in I/R rats, inhibited the abnormal activity of myocardial enzymes, and significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity, as well as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β expression at the protein level. TM administration inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial pathological damage. After 28 d of administration, TM improved heart function; inhibited ventricular dilation and the thinning of the ventricular wall; significantly reduced the protein expression of connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9; and decreased the degree of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusions: TM can effectively reduce the infarct size, improve the cardiac structure and function, reduce myocardial collagen deposition, and attenuate VR. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of inflammatory responses in the early stages and a reduction of myocardial fibrosis in the late stages. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A60
{"title":"Effects of Tongmai Yangxin pills on ventricular remodeling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion rats","authors":"Rui Chen, Ke Meng, Caijun Wang, Q. Lyu, Di Jiang, X-Q Ding, Jinpeng Xu, Lin Wang, Yujing Wang, Kun Zhou, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000024","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Tongmai Yangxin pills (TM) can attenuate ventricular remodeling (VR) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: After the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model has been established, the rats were divided into seven groups: control, Sham, I/R, TM (1.0 g/kg), TM (2.0 g/kg), TM (4.0 g/kg), and Tongxinluo capsules, respectively. Experimental parameters were assessed on days 3 and 28 after drug administration. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial ischemia was quantified using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and the cardiac pathology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Myocardial enzyme and oxidant activities were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer and kit, respectively. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to analyze the degree of collagen deposition. The expression levels of inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: After 3 days of administration, TM improved cardiac function and morphology. It effectively reduced the area of myocardial infarction in I/R rats, inhibited the abnormal activity of myocardial enzymes, and significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity, as well as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β expression at the protein level. TM administration inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial pathological damage. After 28 d of administration, TM improved heart function; inhibited ventricular dilation and the thinning of the ventricular wall; significantly reduced the protein expression of connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9; and decreased the degree of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusions: TM can effectively reduce the infarct size, improve the cardiac structure and function, reduce myocardial collagen deposition, and attenuate VR. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of inflammatory responses in the early stages and a reduction of myocardial fibrosis in the late stages. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A60","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"126 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85377711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major disease that threatens human life and health. Its pathogenesis is complex and still not fully clarified. The clinical treatment is mainly supportive and lacks specific treatment methods. Acupuncture treatment can inhibit immune inflammatory reactions, neuroinflammatory reactions, oxidative stress levels, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, improve lung function, and relieve migraine, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. However, whether acupuncture treatment is suitable for treating these symptoms in patients with COVID-19 still needs to be investigated. For this review, the literature was systematically searched for multiple databases to summarize the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for COVID-19-related symptoms and complications. A complex network analysis of acupoints and symptoms was also performed to clarify acupoint selection in the acupuncture treatment of symptoms related to COVID-19. The evidence indicates that acupuncture can improve the respiratory, digestive, nervous, and mental and psychological symptoms related to COVID-19 by inhibiting immune inflammatory reactions, regulating intestinal flora, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress level, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, neurotransmitter release, and HPA axis activity, and alleviating basic diseases such as diseases of the vascular system. Acupuncture can improve various clinical and concomitant symptoms of COVID-19; however, its mechanism of action is complex and requires further study.
{"title":"Multi-effective characteristics and advantages of acupuncture in COVID-19 treatment.","authors":"Lifen Wang, Xiyou Hu, Lianqi Geng, Ningcen Li, Yong Chen, Jingyu Zhang, Xinru Yuan, Lihong Huang, Dongsheng Ba, Jinyu Lian, Xiaoyan Lyu, Zelin Chen, Yue Zhang, Bo Chen","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000062","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major disease that threatens human life and health. Its pathogenesis is complex and still not fully clarified. The clinical treatment is mainly supportive and lacks specific treatment methods. Acupuncture treatment can inhibit immune inflammatory reactions, neuroinflammatory reactions, oxidative stress levels, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, improve lung function, and relieve migraine, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. However, whether acupuncture treatment is suitable for treating these symptoms in patients with COVID-19 still needs to be investigated. For this review, the literature was systematically searched for multiple databases to summarize the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for COVID-19-related symptoms and complications. A complex network analysis of acupoints and symptoms was also performed to clarify acupoint selection in the acupuncture treatment of symptoms related to COVID-19. The evidence indicates that acupuncture can improve the respiratory, digestive, nervous, and mental and psychological symptoms related to COVID-19 by inhibiting immune inflammatory reactions, regulating intestinal flora, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress level, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, neurotransmitter release, and HPA axis activity, and alleviating basic diseases such as diseases of the vascular system. Acupuncture can improve various clinical and concomitant symptoms of COVID-19; however, its mechanism of action is complex and requires further study.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>http://links.lww.com/AHM/A54.</p>","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/2b/hm9-3-83.PMC10317192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000066
Junhua Zhang, Bo Pang, Qingquan Liu, Hongchun Zhang, Wenke Zheng, Fengwen Yang, Wentai Pang, Xinyao Jin, Enxiang Chao, Boli Zhang
A proportion of patients who recovered from COVID-19 have ongoing, recurrent, or new symptoms with negative nucleic acid/antigen test results, which has become a new public health problem that needs to be concerned. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown its unique advantages in preventing, treating, and rehabilitating COVID-19. To further standardize clinician's clinical diagnosis and use of TCM for the treatment of common symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection following negative nucleic acid/antigen results, the front-line clinical experts were invited for discussion on the concepts, etiology, clinical manifestations of post-COVID-19 condition, and on treatment with TCM to form the consensus. Clinicians of TCM, Western medicine, or integration of both can use this consensus document for clinical practice and research purposes.
{"title":"Expert consensus on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of common symptoms of post-COVID-19 short-term condition.","authors":"Junhua Zhang, Bo Pang, Qingquan Liu, Hongchun Zhang, Wenke Zheng, Fengwen Yang, Wentai Pang, Xinyao Jin, Enxiang Chao, Boli Zhang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000066","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A proportion of patients who recovered from COVID-19 have ongoing, recurrent, or new symptoms with negative nucleic acid/antigen test results, which has become a new public health problem that needs to be concerned. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown its unique advantages in preventing, treating, and rehabilitating COVID-19. To further standardize clinician's clinical diagnosis and use of TCM for the treatment of common symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection following negative nucleic acid/antigen results, the front-line clinical experts were invited for discussion on the concepts, etiology, clinical manifestations of post-COVID-19 condition, and on treatment with TCM to form the consensus. Clinicians of TCM, Western medicine, or integration of both can use this consensus document for clinical practice and research purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/b9/hm9-3-63.PMC10317190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000067
Cun-Zhi Liu
{"title":"Relationship between Acupuncture and the Autonomic Nervous System","authors":"Cun-Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000069
Xin Ma, Wen Chen, Yiming Fu, Hong-Ping Li, Cunzhi Liu
Following peripheral nerve injury, the sympathetic nervous system responds to noxious inputs that induce or exacerbate pain. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sympathetic sprouting after peripheral nerve injury may induce abnormal firing of neurons. Moreover, the areas of the brain that respond to nociceptive stimuli overlap with those areas activated by the sympathetic nervous system. Acupuncture is a widely used alternative therapy for neuropathic pain. It has been demonstrated that it has positive effects on the regulation of function in the autonomic nervous system. Based on previous studies, there are several possibilities for the regulation of sympathetic nerves by using acupuncture to relieve neuropathic pain. Acupuncture may act on the brain areas of pain and the sympathetic nervous system, decrease sympathetic nerve activity during neuropathic pain, attenuate sympathetic sprouting, and reduce the abnormal firing of neurons. Further studies are required to confirm these hypotheses. This review will help to better understand the potential mechanisms of acupuncture in neuropathic pain. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A62.
{"title":"Acupuncture for neuropathic pain: focusing on the sympathetic nerve system","authors":"Xin Ma, Wen Chen, Yiming Fu, Hong-Ping Li, Cunzhi Liu","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000069","url":null,"abstract":"Following peripheral nerve injury, the sympathetic nervous system responds to noxious inputs that induce or exacerbate pain. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sympathetic sprouting after peripheral nerve injury may induce abnormal firing of neurons. Moreover, the areas of the brain that respond to nociceptive stimuli overlap with those areas activated by the sympathetic nervous system. Acupuncture is a widely used alternative therapy for neuropathic pain. It has been demonstrated that it has positive effects on the regulation of function in the autonomic nervous system. Based on previous studies, there are several possibilities for the regulation of sympathetic nerves by using acupuncture to relieve neuropathic pain. Acupuncture may act on the brain areas of pain and the sympathetic nervous system, decrease sympathetic nerve activity during neuropathic pain, attenuate sympathetic sprouting, and reduce the abnormal firing of neurons. Further studies are required to confirm these hypotheses. This review will help to better understand the potential mechanisms of acupuncture in neuropathic pain. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A62.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"139 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82778408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000065
Yanchao Xing, Xiaoming Wang, Xianrui Wang, Xizi Zhao, Yaqing Guo, Yuhong Huang, Tekleab Teka, Lifeng Han, G. Pan
Objective: As an injection made from traditional Chinese medicine, Shuxuetong (SXT) injection is used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Hypoxanthine is regarded as one of its potential quality markers. The purpose of this study is to lay the foundation for the quality control of SXT injection by the analysis of the quantitation and pharmacokinetic behavior of hypoxanthine. Methods: A quantitative method of hypoxanthine in SXT injection based on standard addition method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for the first time. On the other hand, a determination method of hypoxanthine in rat plasma samples after administration of SXT was also successfully established based on LC-MS/MS. Results: It was found that the content of hypoxanthine was higher using conventional liquid-mass spectrometry technology compared to the application of LC-MS/MS combined standard addition method in the same batch of SXT injection. The ratio of low, medium and high doses of intravenous SXT were 1:2:4, and the AUC0-t was (848.34 ± 324.53) μg·h/L, (1483.94 ± 497.74) μg·h/L, and (3074.84 ± 910.29) μg·h/L, respectively. AUC0-t shows a good linear dose-dependent relationship. Conclusions: The influences of endogenous substances tend to be eliminated by calibrating the concentration level of the target compound by the introduction of the standard addition method. The added allopurinol could inhibit the conversion of the target compound, and ensure the accuracy of the detection during the pharmacokinetic studies. “Blank biological matrix” obtained from the pretreatment of blank plasma successfully distinguished endogenous and drug-derived hypoxanthine. There is a good linear relationship between the blood concentration of intravenous hypoxanthine and the dosage of administration. Similarly, there was no drug accumulation in the multiple medium-dosage group, which is similar to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the single medium-dosage group. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A59
{"title":"The integrated analysis strategy of unstable hypoxanthine, a potential quality marker in Shuxuetong injection based on standard addition method and multi-level pharmacokinetics by LC-MS/MS","authors":"Yanchao Xing, Xiaoming Wang, Xianrui Wang, Xizi Zhao, Yaqing Guo, Yuhong Huang, Tekleab Teka, Lifeng Han, G. Pan","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000065","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: As an injection made from traditional Chinese medicine, Shuxuetong (SXT) injection is used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Hypoxanthine is regarded as one of its potential quality markers. The purpose of this study is to lay the foundation for the quality control of SXT injection by the analysis of the quantitation and pharmacokinetic behavior of hypoxanthine. Methods: A quantitative method of hypoxanthine in SXT injection based on standard addition method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for the first time. On the other hand, a determination method of hypoxanthine in rat plasma samples after administration of SXT was also successfully established based on LC-MS/MS. Results: It was found that the content of hypoxanthine was higher using conventional liquid-mass spectrometry technology compared to the application of LC-MS/MS combined standard addition method in the same batch of SXT injection. The ratio of low, medium and high doses of intravenous SXT were 1:2:4, and the AUC0-t was (848.34 ± 324.53) μg·h/L, (1483.94 ± 497.74) μg·h/L, and (3074.84 ± 910.29) μg·h/L, respectively. AUC0-t shows a good linear dose-dependent relationship. Conclusions: The influences of endogenous substances tend to be eliminated by calibrating the concentration level of the target compound by the introduction of the standard addition method. The added allopurinol could inhibit the conversion of the target compound, and ensure the accuracy of the detection during the pharmacokinetic studies. “Blank biological matrix” obtained from the pretreatment of blank plasma successfully distinguished endogenous and drug-derived hypoxanthine. There is a good linear relationship between the blood concentration of intravenous hypoxanthine and the dosage of administration. Similarly, there was no drug accumulation in the multiple medium-dosage group, which is similar to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the single medium-dosage group. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A59","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"116 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91321966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000063
Luqiang Sun, Junpeng Yao, Fangli Luo, Shuai Chen, Di Qin, Yu-Jun Hou, Lu Wang, Ying Li
{"title":"The role of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system in irritable bowel syndrome","authors":"Luqiang Sun, Junpeng Yao, Fangli Luo, Shuai Chen, Di Qin, Yu-Jun Hou, Lu Wang, Ying Li","doi":"10.1097/hm9.0000000000000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hm9.0000000000000063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90690723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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