Biological research for nursing最新文献

Objective: To explore the relationship between the high frequency (HF) heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) delta band power in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) versus healthy control women.

Materials and methods: Twenty women with IBS and twenty healthy controls were studied over three consecutive nights using polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. To avoid the first night effect, only second-night data were analyzed. Power spectral analysis was applied to HRV and EEG recordings. The linear system coherence/phase analysis assessed the relationship between normalized HF power of HRV and normalized delta band power of EEG during the first four NREM-REM sleep cycles.

Results: Women with IBS exhibited a significantly higher percentage of NREM sleep, higher normalized HF, lower normalized low frequency (LF) and decreased LF/HF ratio of HRV in the first four NREM-REM sleep cycles compared to controls. Additionally, their normalized delta band power was significantly lower in these sleep cycles and over the whole night. The phase shift between HF and delta band power was significantly longer in the IBS group. While the coherence between normalized HF and normalized delta band power was lower in the IBS group, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: The coherence/phase analysis showed a dysregulated interaction between autonomic and central nervous systems in women with IBS, manifested by increased lag time between cardiac and EEG delta band power compared to healthy controls. Whether this dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of IBS remains to be determined.

Background: There is a critical gap in understanding the symptom experience and health outcomes of older adults with and without Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) and polypharmacy (PPY). The primary aim of the study was to compare the number of symptoms experienced over time in older adults with and without ADRD by polypharmacy status. The secondary aim was to examine the trajectory of physical function and health outcomes over time in each group.

Methods: This study utilized longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2016-2019. The sample was separated into four groups (N = 2,052): neither ADRD or PPY (n = 1,048), PPY only (n = 761), ADRD only (n = 116), and both ADRD and PPY(n = 127).

Results: The overall sample was predominately female (57.9%), White (70.9%), aged 84 or younger (75%), married (46%), and had some college or a college degree (50%). Participants with both ADRD and PPY experienced more symptoms on average, had higher odds of falls, hospitalizations, and mortality than all other groups. Older adults with both ADRD and PPY had lower physical function, needed more assistance with activities of daily living and higher assistive device utilization compared to the other three groups.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that older adults with both ADRD and PPY experience more symptoms, negative health outcomes and physical function decline that can negatively impact their quality of life. Further research is needed to identify strategies for reducing PPY in people with ADRD.

Objectives: Shortness of breath is a common symptom in patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms that underlie this troublesome symptom are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for shortness of breath in women prior to breast cancer surgery and identify associations between shortness of breath and polymorphisms for potassium channel genes.

Methods: Patients were recruited prior to breast cancer surgery and completed a self-report questionnaire on the occurrence of shortness of breath. Genotyping of single nucleotides polymorphism (SNPs) in potassium channel genes was performed using a custom array. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between the occurrence of shortness of breath and SNPs in ten candidate genes.

Results: Of the 398 patients, 11.1% reported shortness of breath. These patients had a lower annual household income, a higher comorbidity burden, and a lower functional status. After controlling for functional status, comorbidity burden, genomic estimates of ancestry and self-reported race and ethnicity, the genetic associations that remained significant in the multiple regression analyses were for potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D (KCND2) rs12673992, potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily S (KCNS1) rs4499491, and potassium two pore channel subfamily K (KCNK2) rs4411107.

Conclusions: While these findings warrant replication, they suggest that alterations in potassium channel function may contribute to the occurrence of shortness of breath in women prior to breast cancer surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of water exercise training on functional and hemodynamic responses in HF patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted until February 15, 2024, using multiple databases. Mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies, comprising 349 participants with HF, were included. Water exercise led to enhancements in peak VO₂ (MD, 2.85 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.80; p < .00001) and resting heart rate (MD, -4.16 bm; 95% CI, -6.85 to -1.46; p = .002) compared to no exercising controls. Water plus land exercise reduced resting heart rate (MD, -1.41 bm; 95% CI, -2.13 to -0.69; p = .0001) compared to land exercise alone. Furthermore, acute water exercises decreased resting heart rate (MD, -3.85 bm; 95% CI, -6.49 to -1.21; p = .004) and increased stroke volume (MD, 14.68 mL/beat; 95% CI, 8.57 to 20.79; p < .00001) and cardiac output (MD, 0.5 L/min; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73; p < .00001) compared to baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that water exercise holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters in individuals with HF, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize its implementation and elucidate long-term benefits.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, disproportionately impacting older adults. Plant-based diets (PBDs) have emerged as a dietary strategy to mitigate CVD risk, characterized by foods derived from plants and minimal to no animal-derived foods. This integrative review assesses the effectiveness of PBDs for improving CVD risk factors in older adults. A search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies of PBDs and CVD risk factors in individuals aged 65 years and older. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Seventeen publications were analyzed, 7 experimental and 10 non-experimental. All studies showed at least one positive association between PBDs and cardiovascular health in older adults. Findings highlighted significant associations between PBD adherence and reductions in key CVD risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI), alongside potential benefits in reducing coronary artery calcium and enhancing endothelial function and serum isoflavone concentrations. There is evidence for the potential of PBDs as an effective dietary strategy to prevent the onset and progression of CVD in older adults and reduce the risk of CVD mortality. This review indicates the need for further research. Larger randomized control trials focused on older adults may strengthen the evidence base and guide healthcare recommendations. PBDs should be considered as a part of holistic CVD prevention and management strategies for older adults, encouraging dietary patterns that are rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, beans, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

Melatonin is vital in human circadian rhythm and infant development. This scoping review summarized the current knowledge about melatonin's presence and effects in human milk to promote better understanding of its secretion pattern and clinical advancement of maternal-infant health. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline and answered the question: What is the current knowledge about melatonin hormone in human milk? The databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, EMBASE, Science Direct, Eric, Cochrane, in addition to grey literature and reference lists of included sources. Research papers included English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages, regardless of study type or publication date. The study selection and data extraction involved two independent reviewers. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. The studies, conducted between 1993 and 2023, employed diverse designs, with cross-sectional studies being the most prevalent. Melatonin concentration exhibited a consistent pattern, being higher at night, and elevated in colostrum. The analysis methods for melatonin concentration evolved, with recent advancements contributing to more accurate measurements. Factors influencing melatonin levels, such as delivery type, maternal age, and health conditions, demonstrated a complex relationship, potentially impacting the health and development of infants. The dynamic nature of melatonin in human milk calls for continued interdisciplinary research, bridging gaps between clinical, biochemical, and epidemiological perspectives. Standardizing melatonin analysis methods are needed. Nurses should assess factors influencing melatonin levels in milk to promote interventions and guidance aimed at enhancing the regulation of the circadian cycle during the perinatal period and its benefits.

Objective: Using a rat model, we investigated the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation, including aerobic training and ointment, on the ROM, vWF, VEGF content, and femoral artery hemodynamics in rats with joint contracture.

Methods: A total of 44 Wistar rats were divided into the normal control group (NC, eight rats) and the experimental group (EG). A joint contracture model was established for the rats in the EG group by an external fixator. After fixator removal, 32 rats are further divided into the MC, SC, RE, and SR groups (n = 8). Before and after the 42 day intervention, the ROM, vWF, VEGF, PS, ED, and RI were measured using X-ray imaging, ELISA, and color Doppler ultrasound, respectively.

Results: After fixator removal, ROM for EG group was lower than that of the NC group (p < .01). After the intervention, ROM for the SR, RE, and SC groups was improved. The ROM for the SR group reached a similar value for NC group. vWF and VEGF levels in SR group were lower than in the MC, SC, and RE groups (p < .05), and had a similar value to the NC groups. PS value for SR and RE groups was higher than the MC and SC groups. The RI value for SR group was higher than that of NC and MC groups.

Conclusion: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation used in this study can treat joint contracture synergistically. It improves the ROM of the joint, reduces the content of vWF and VEGF, and improves the femoral artery hemodynamics.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between circulating metabolites and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and to assess the mediating role of inflammatory factors. Methods: Utilizing summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and employing a Mendelian Randomization approach, a two-sample MR analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between circulating metabolites and PMOP. Additionally, a two-step MR was used to quantify the mediating impact of inflammatory factors on the effect of circulating metabolites on PMOP. Results: The results revealed a significant association between certain metabolites and the risk of PMOP, notably the ratio of free cholesterol to total lipids in very large VLDL particles (OR: 1.399, 95% CI: 1.002-1.954, p = 0.048) and IL-16 (OR: 0.773, 95% CI: 0.608-0.983, p = 0.036). IL-16 was found to partially mediate the impact of circulating metabolites on PMOP, with a mediation effect of 10.4%. Conclusion: This study underscores the crucial role of circulating metabolites and inflammatory factors in PMOP pathogenesis. A causal relationship between circulating metabolites and PMOP was established, with IL-16 mediating some effects. These findings hold promise for clinical applications in early detection, personalized medicine, and the identification of therapeutic targets for PMOP.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week yoga intervention on muscle strength, proprioception, pain, concerns about falling, and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design incorporating a pretest-posttest methodology and a control group was implemented in the present study. A total of 30 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 15) or non-exercise control (n = 15). Yoga sessions were conducted for a duration of 60 min on three occasions per week, with participants requested to practice at home on other days.

Results: The results showed significant main effects of time on the muscle strength (both flexor and extensor muscles, p < .001, ηp² = 0.652 and p < .001, ηp² = 0.539, respectively), proprioception error (p < .001, ηp² = 0.807), pain intensity (p < .001, ηp² = 0.538), concerns about falling (p < .001, ηp² = 0.700), and overall score of quality of life (p < .001, ηp² = 0.475). Moreover, there were significant group-by-time interactions for all variables (p < .001 for all).

Conclusion: The study reveals that yoga intervention can be an effective alternative therapeutic approach to medication for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Yet, future studies are needed on a larger sample size to strengthen the present understanding of the advantageous impact of yoga intervention in this population.

Background: Many studies have reported the use of preoperative oral carbohydrates (CHO) in children, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral CHO administration in children prior to surgery, with the goal of offering a dependable reference for clinical nursing practices and surgical interventions. Methods: Two authors searched PubMed, Clinical trials, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu databases for randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of preoperative oral CHO in children up to April 12, 2024. We used RevMan 5.4 software for data analysis. Results: Nine RCTs involving a total of 1279 children were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was statistical difference in the pH of gastric juice (MD = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.40-1.67, p < .001), intraoperative sedation score (MD = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.27-0.97, p < .001), and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.20-0.80, p = .009) between the CHO and control groups. There was no statistical difference in the RGV (MD = -0.23, 95%CI: -0.47-0.01, p = .06) and the postoperative blood glucose level (MD = -0.91, 95%CI: -5.03-3.21, p = .67) between the CHO and control groups. Egger regression analysis showed that there were no publication biases amongst the synthesized outcomes (all p > .05). Conclusion: The administration of oral CHO to children before surgery is safe and practicable. There is a need for additional, well-conducted studies with more participants to further elucidate the role of preoperative CHO administration.