Biological research for nursing最新文献

Background: After transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection patients have reduced olfactory function and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nasal irrigation on the nasal related quality of life in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection. Methods: Patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas in a tertiary hospital in China were included. The patients were randomly divided into a control group and nasal irrigation group according to the random sequence generated by the SPSS22.0 software. The 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) was used to evaluate nasal related quality of life; lower SNOT-22 scores indicate a higher quality of life. The Toyota and Takagi (T&T) olfactometer test was used to evaluate the olfactory function of patients. Results: A total of 82 patients were finally included. The SNOT-22 scores of both groups after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (p < .05). The total SNOT-22 score of nasal irrigation group at one month (23.45 ± 3.72 vs. 27.48 ± 4.07) and three months (15.83 ± 2.86 vs. 21.82 ± 3.36) after surgery was lower than that in the control group (p < .05). There was no significant difference in olfactory function between the two groups at one month and three months after surgery (p > .05). The nasal mucosal score in the nasal irrigation group was significantly improved compared with the control group at one month and three months after surgery (p < .05). Conclusion: Nasal irrigation is associated with improved quality of life in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection compared with the control group.

Background: Children are increasingly exposed to stressors that can affect their immune function. Given the possible negative effects of stress and inflammation on health, researchers need to use appropriate biomarkers to measure both the effects of stress and subsequent inflammatory responses. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to briefly review stress and inflammatory pathways, identify biomarkers used to measure chronic stress and chronic inflammation particularly in children in clinical and community settings, and to discuss methodological considerations when measuring stress and inflammation in children. Discussion: Biomarkers of chronic stress can be classified as central, meaning they are made in the brain, or peripheral, meaning they are made in the peripheral tissues in response to central signals. The peripheral biomarker, cortisol, is most frequently used in the community setting. In addition, indirect measures, such as oxytocin, may complement the assessment of stress. Common biomarkers of chronic inflammation in children are C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, and IL-6. Similarly, indirect biomarkers of chronic inflammation, such as IL-2 and IL-1β, may also be considered. Conclusions: Various types of specimens can be used to measure these biomarkers of stress and inflammation including blood, saliva, urine, sweat, hair, nails, and tears. Each type of specimen has different requirements for collection, storage, and assay. Future research would benefit from standardized biomarker levels across age and development in children and incorporation of other biomarkers.

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with brain metastases (BM) and could result in sudden and accidental damage, as well as increased disease burden due to its rapid onset. Foreseeing the potential for the development of epilepsy may permit timely and efficient measures. This study aimed to analyze the influencing factors of epilepsy in advanced lung cancer (ALC) patients with BM and construct a nomogram model to predict the likelihood of developing epilepsy.

Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data of ALC patients with BM were retrospectively collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between September 2019 and June 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the influencing factors for epilepsy in ALC patients with BM. Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was built to represent the contribution of each influencing factor in predicting the probability of epilepsy development in ALC patients with BM. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were utilized to evaluate the goodness of fit and prediction performance of the model.

Results: The incidence of epilepsy among 138 ALC patients with BM was 29.7%. On the multivariate analysis, having a higher number of supratentorial lesions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.727; p = 0.022), hemorrhagic foci (OR = 4.922; p = .021), and a high-grade of peritumoral edema (OR = 2.524; p < .001) were independent risk factors for developing epilepsy, while undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery (OR = .327; p = .019) was an independent protective factor. The p-value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was .535 and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was .852 (95% CI: .807-.897), suggesting the model had a good fit and exhibited strong predictive accuracy.

Conclusion: The nomogram was constructed that can predict the probability of epilepsy development for ALC patients with BM, which is helpful for healthcare professionals to identify high-risk groups early and allows for individualized interventions.

Purpose: Proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in chronic inflammation and pain and contribute to behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance) and comorbidities (diabetes, cardiac diseases, cancer). Evidence is lacking on the specific proinflammatory cytokines associated with these behavioral symptoms/comorbidities co-occurring with axial low back pain (aLBP). This review aimed to systematically analyze the following: (1) specific proinflammatory cytokines associated with aLBP in adults, (2) associations among proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral symptoms in aLBP, and (3) relationships among proinflammatory cytokines and comorbidities in aLBP, to develop a new clinical framework for future diagnostic and intervention targets for patients with aLBP.

Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, and CINAHL Complete (EBSCO) were searched for the period January 2012 to February 2023. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal, and cohort studies in which proinflammatory cytokines were reported in adults above 18 years with aLBP. Intervention studies and randomized controlled trails were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria were used for quality evaluation.

Results: Findings from 11 studies showed 3 proinflammatory cytokines associated with pain intensity in adult patients with aLBP: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin (IL-6). Some studies assessed associations between proinflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms; none explored the association of proinflammatory cytokines with fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbance, or comorbidities (diabetes, cardiac diseases, and cancer) in aLBP.

Conclusions: Proinflammatory cytokines in aLBP can serve as composite biomarkers for pain, associated symptoms, and comorbidities and may serve as a target for future interventions. There is need for well-designed studies assessing associations among chronic inflammation, behavioral symptoms, and comorbidities.

Background: High-grade inflammation represents a critical contribution to the onset of depression and might be manageable by physical activity (PA). Nevertheless, no study has examined synergistic interactions of insufficient PA and high values of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) on psychological problems.

Objective: We investigated independent and synergistic interactions of insufficient PA and high SII levels on stress, anxiety, and depression in T2DM patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional research design with 294 T2DM patients was conducted. An XP-100 automated hematology analyzer was used to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items and a standardized questionnaire about PA were respectively used to measure psychological problems and metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week.

Results: A multiple linear regression demonstrated that patients with insufficient PA were significantly more likely to have higher stress (β = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-2.65), anxiety (β = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.81-2.96), and depression (β = 2.53, 95% CI = 0.82-4.24) than those with active PA. A high SII level was a key predictor and was most strongly associated with stress (β = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.02-3.20), anxiety (β = 3.16, 95% CI = 2.37-3.94), and depression (β = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.49-4.96) compared to those who had low SII levels. Notably, additive interaction results showed that combining insufficient PA and a high SII level had a significantly escalated 1.71-fold risk of stress, 1.82-fold risk of anxiety, and 2.69-fold risk of depression.

Conclusions: Active PA and a low SII had a positive synergistic effect of decreasing psychological problems.

The study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of fatigue and the moderating effect of sleep quality on stress and depressive symptoms among people with visual impairments. A total of 155 participants completed the online survey. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Inventory (CES-D), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and moderated mediation modelling were conducted using R software. From the mediator variable (FSI) model (F = 22.427, R² = 56.5, p < .001) and the dependent variable (CES-D) model (F = 35.912, R² = 70.5, p < .001), after controlling for age, sex, employment, and education, sleep quality positively predicted fatigue levels (β = 2.422, p = .009), and fatigue positively predicted depressive symptoms (β = .152, p < .001). Sleep quality is an essential component of psychological well-being in people with visual impairments.

Introduction: The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a clinical judgement-based frailty tool developed from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Many studies on the measurement of frailty and its effect on clinical outcomes have been conducted on patients hospitalized, especially in intensive care units. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty on outpatient older adult patients in primary care.

Materials and method: This cross-sectional study included 298 patients who were aged ≥65 years and admitted to Yenimahalle Family Health Center between May-2022 and July-2022. Frailty was evaluated by using CFS. Polypharmacy was defined as five medications or more and "excessive polypharmacy" as 10 medications or more. The medications below five are grouped as "no polypharmacy".

Results: There was a statistically significance between age groups, gender, smoking status, marital status, polypharmacy status, and FS (p = .003 and η²: .20; p < .001 and Cohen d: .80; p = .018 and Cohen d: .35; p < .001 and Cohen d: 1.10 and p < .001 and η²: 1.45 respectively). A strong, positive correlation was found between polypharmacy and the frailty score.

Conclusion: Polypharmacy, especially excessive polypharmacy, may be a promising adjunct to frailty in identifying older patients whose health is more likely to worsen. Providers in primary care should also consider frailty when prescribing drugs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of physiotherapy interventions in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched for relevant RCTs published from database inception to July 14, 2022. Reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the literature quality according to the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and PEDro Scale. This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 and reported in compliance with the PRISMA statement.

Results: Forty-two RCTs with 2,530 participants were included. Across all types of physiotherapy, strength training, mind-body exercise, aerobic exercise, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) were effective in improving motor symptoms as measured by the (Movement Disorders Society-) Unified PD Scale, whereas balance and gait training (BGT) and acupuncture were not. The pooled results showed that the change in mind-body exercise (MD = -5.36, 95% CI [-7.97 to -2.74], p < .01, I² = 68%) and NiBS (MD = -4.59, 95% CI [-8.59 to -0.59], p = .02, I² = 78%) reached clinical threshold, indicating clinically meaningful improvements. Considering the effectiveness of the interventions on motor symptoms, balance, gait and functional mobility, mind-body exercise was recommended the most.

Conclusions: Exercise appears to be a better form of physiotherapy than NiBS and acupuncture for improving motor function. Mind-body exercise showed beneficial effects on motor symptoms, balance, gait and functional mobility in people with PD, and is worthy of being promoted.

Background: Cardiac cachexia (CC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in persons with heart failure (HF). Compared to the biological underpinning of CC, little is known about the psychological factors. Thus, the overarching objective of this study was to determine whether depression predicts the onset of cachexia at 6 months in patients with chronic HF.

Methods: 114 participants with a mean age of 56.7 ± 13.0 years, LVEF of 33.13 ± 12.30% and NYHA class III (48.0%) were assessed for depression using the PHQ-9. Body weight was measured at baseline and at 6 months. Patients who had ≥6% non-edematous unintentional weight loss were classified as cachectic. Univariate and logistic multivariate regression were used to examine the relationship between CC and depression, controlling for clinical and demographic variables.

Results: Cachectic patients (11.4%) had significantly higher baseline BMI levels (31.35 ± 5.70 vs. 28.31 ± 4.73; p = .038), lower LVEF (mean = 24.50 ± 9.48 vs. 34.22 ± 12.18, p = .009), and depression scores (mean = 7.17 ± 6.44 vs. 4.27 ± 3.98, p = .049) when compared to their non-cachectic counterparts. In multivariate regression analysis, depression scores (β = 1.193, p = .035) and LVEF (β = .835, p = .031) predicted cachexia after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, VO₂ max, and New York Heart Association class and accounted for 49% of the variance in Cardiac cachexia. When depression was dichotomized, depression and LVEF predicted 52.6% of the variance in CC.

Conclusion: Depression predicts CC in patients with HF. Additional studies are needed to expand the knowledge of the role of the psychological determinants of this devastating syndrome.

Objectives: To explore whether tai chi can improve lung function, exercise capacity, and health-related outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) databases were searched from inception to January 5, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions criteria. Results: A total of 1430 participants from 20 randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The results indicated significant effects of tai chi on FEV1, 6WMD, anxiety, and quality of life (p < 0.01), but not on FEV1%, FEVI/FVC, depression, and social support. Conclusions: Tai chi might be a potential alternative therapy to improve FEV1, 6WMD, anxiety, and quality of life for patients with COPD.