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BBBper: A Machine Learning-based Online Tool for Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability Prediction. BBBper:基于机器学习的血脑屏障 (BBB) 渗透性预测在线工具。
Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273328174241007060331
Pawan Kumar, Vandana Saini, Dinesh Gupta, Pooja A Chawla, Ajit Kumar

Aims: Neuronal disorders have affected more than 15% of the world's population, signifying the importance of continued design and development of drugs that can cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB).

Background: BBB limits the permeability of external compounds by 98% to maintain and regulate brain homeostasis. Hence, BBB permeability prediction is vital to predict the activity of a drug-like substance.

Objective: Here, we report about developing BBBper (Blood-Brain Barrier permeability prediction) using machine learning tool.

Method: A supervised machine learning-based online tool, based on physicochemical parameters to predict the BBB permeability of given chemical compounds was developed. The user-end webpage was developed in HTML and linked with back-end server by a python script to run user queries and results.

Result: BBBper uses a random forest algorithm at the back end, showing 97% accuracy on the external dataset, compared to 70-92% accuracy of currently available web-based BBB permeability prediction tools.

Conclusion: The BBBper web tool is freely available at http://bbbper.mdu.ac.in.

目的:神经元疾病已影响到全球超过15%的人口,这表明继续设计和开发可穿过血脑屏障(BBB)的药物非常重要:背景:血脑屏障对外部化合物的渗透性有 98% 的限制,以维持和调节大脑的平衡。因此,BBB渗透性预测对于预测类药物的活性至关重要。目的:在此,我们报告了利用机器学习工具开发BBBper(血脑屏障渗透性预测)的情况:方法:我们开发了一种基于机器学习的在线监督工具,以理化参数为基础,预测特定化合物的血脑屏障渗透性。用户端网页使用 HTML 开发,并通过 python 脚本与后端服务器连接,以运行用户查询和结果:结果:BBBper 在后端使用随机森林算法,在外部数据集上显示出 97% 的准确率,而目前可用的基于网络的 BBB 渗透性预测工具的准确率为 70-92%:BBBper 网络工具可在 http://bbbper.mdu.ac.in 免费获取。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Review on Repurposing the Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Patent and Clinical Trials. 纳米载体治疗帕金森病的再利用综述:最新专利和临床试验。
Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273323074241001071645
Sara Khan, Md Faheem Haider

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons, resulting in motor impairments like tremors and rigidity. While the precise cause remains elusive, genetic and environmental factors are implicated. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein misfolding contribute to the disease's pathology. Current therapeutics primarily aim at symptom alleviation, employing dopamine replacement and deep brain stimulation. However, the quest for disease-modifying treatments persists. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel approaches, such as neuroprotective agents and gene therapies, reflecting the evolving PD research landscape. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PD, covering its basics, causal factors, major pathways, existing treatments, and a nuanced exploration of ongoing clinical trials. As the scientific community strives to unravel PD's complexities, this review offers insights into the multifaceted strategies pursued for a better understanding and enhanced management of this debilitating condition.

帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease,PD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,其特征是产生多巴胺的神经元退化,导致震颤和僵直等运动障碍。虽然确切的病因仍然难以捉摸,但遗传和环境因素都与之有关。线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激和蛋白质错误折叠是导致该病的病理原因。目前的治疗方法主要是通过多巴胺替代和脑深部刺激来缓解症状。然而,人们仍在探索改变疾病的治疗方法。正在进行的临床试验探索了神经保护剂和基因疗法等新方法,反映了不断发展的帕金森病研究现状。这篇综述全面概述了帕金森病,涵盖了帕金森病的基本知识、致病因素、主要发病途径、现有治疗方法以及对正在进行的临床试验的深入探讨。随着科学界努力揭开帕金森氏症的复杂面纱,本综述深入探讨了为更好地了解和加强管理这种使人衰弱的疾病而采取的多方面策略。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating into the Paradigm of Nose-to-brain Delivery of Nanotherapeutics and their Repurposing as Nanotheranostics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. 纳米治疗药物鼻脑传递范例导航及其作为纳米治疗药物治疗神经退行性疾病的再利用。
Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273319597240927044906
Asad Ali, Nasr A Emad, Niha Sultana, Ayesha Waheed, Mohd Aqil, Yasmin Sultana, Mohd Mujeeb

Repurposing drugs for neurodegenerative diseases using the nose-to-brain route of administration is an intriguing concept with potential benefits. The nose-to-brain route involves delivering drugs directly to the brain via the olfactory or trigeminal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier, which can improve drug efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. Treatment of numerous neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases has been attempted using this route of administration. These drugs may include neuroprotective agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, or diseasemodifying therapies. Nanotheranostics, which integrates therapeutic and diagnostic functions in a nanosystem, improves treatment precision and efficacy. Repurposing nanotherapeutics as nanotheranostics for neurodegenerative diseases through the nose-to-brain route of administration holds great potential for both diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the various mechanisms engaged in transporting nanocarriers from nose-to-brain and the proposed fate of these nanocarriers using different live imaging techniques. Additionally, the discussion covers the recent combinatorial therapeutic approaches and theranostic applications of various nanocarriers used for neurodegenerative diseases through the nose-to-brain. Toxicity to the CNS and nasal mucosa and regulatory considerations about these delivery systems are also deliberated. Overall, repurposed nanoparticles designed as nanotheranostic agents offer a versatile platform for precise diagnosis, targeted therapy, and personalized management of neurodegenerative diseases, holding great promise for improving patient care and advancing our understanding of these complex disorders.

利用鼻脑给药途径对治疗神经退行性疾病的药物进行再利用是一个具有潜在益处的有趣概念。鼻入脑途径是指绕过血脑屏障,通过嗅觉或三叉神经通路将药物直接输送到大脑,从而提高药物疗效并减少全身副作用。许多神经退行性疾病,如多发性硬化症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿氏症、阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症,都曾尝试使用这种给药途径进行治疗。这些药物可能包括神经保护剂、抗炎药物、抗氧化剂或疾病调节疗法。纳米otheranostics 将治疗和诊断功能整合到一个纳米系统中,提高了治疗的精确性和有效性。将纳米治疗剂作为纳米otheranostics,通过鼻脑给药途径治疗神经退行性疾病,在诊断和治疗方面都具有巨大潜力。本综述重点介绍了纳米载体从鼻腔到大脑的各种转运机制,以及利用不同的活体成像技术对这些纳米载体的命运进行预测。此外,文章还讨论了最近通过鼻脑结合治疗神经退行性疾病的方法和各种纳米载体的治疗应用。此外,还讨论了这些递送系统对中枢神经系统和鼻粘膜的毒性以及监管方面的考虑因素。总之,作为纳米otheranostic 药剂设计的再利用纳米粒子为神经退行性疾病的精确诊断、靶向治疗和个性化管理提供了一个多功能平台,为改善患者护理和增进我们对这些复杂疾病的了解带来了巨大希望。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of Parkinson's Disease in Different Models. 在不同模型中模拟帕金森病
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273326866240922193029
Iqra Subhan, Yasir Hasan Siddique

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive disorder worldwide and its etiology remains unidentified. Over the last few decades, animal models of PD have been extensively utilized to explore the development and mechanisms of this neurodegenerative condition. Toxic and transgenic animal models for PD possess unique characteristics and constraints, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate model for research purposes. Animal models have played a significant role in uncovering the causes and development of PD, including its cellular and molecular processes. These models suggest that the disorder arises from intricate interplays between genetic predispositions and environmental influences. Every model possesses its unique set of strengths and weaknesses. This review provides a critical examination of animal models for PD and compares them with the features observed in the human manifestation of the disease.

帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease,PD)是一种全球性进展性疾病,其病因至今仍未确定。在过去几十年中,帕金森病动物模型被广泛用于探索这种神经退行性疾病的发展和机制。治疗帕金森病的毒性和转基因动物模型具有独特的特征和限制,因此在为研究目的选择合适的模型时必须慎重考虑。动物模型在揭示帕金森病的病因和发展过程(包括其细胞和分子过程)方面发挥了重要作用。这些模型表明,这种疾病是由遗传倾向和环境影响之间错综复杂的相互作用引起的。每种模型都有其独特的优缺点。本综述将对帕金森氏症的动物模型进行批判性研究,并将它们与人类表现出的帕金森氏症特征进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
The Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator PNU120596 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway in Mice. α-7烟碱受体正性异位调节剂PNU120596通过调节PPAR-α信号通路减轻脂多糖诱发的小鼠抑郁样行为和认知障碍
Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273311527240916050749
Sami Alzarea, Shafiqur Rahman

Background and objective: The brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) has a critical role in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involving neuroinflammation. The α7 nAChR stimulation has been shown to modulate the anti-inflammatory effects of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) via its endogenous ligands in the brain. The present study determined the effects of α7 nAChR modulator PNU120596 on PPAR-α, an inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an inflammatory mouse model of MDD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also evaluated the combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, on depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors in mice.

Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with PNU120596, followed by systemic LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The effects of PNU120596 on the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and IκB were assessed in the hippocampus and PFC using qRT-PCR following LPS administration. Similarly, the effects of PNU120596 on the immunoreactivity of PPAR-α and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using an immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, the effects of PNU120596 on pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using ELISA. The combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471 were also assessed against LPS-induced depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors using the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Y-maze test.

Results: PNU120596 (4 mg/kg) significantly prevented LPS-induced dysregulation of PPAR-α, IκB, p-NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in the hippocampus and PFC. Pretreatment with PNU120596 showed significant antidepressant-like effects by reducing immobility time in the TST and FST. Similarly, pretreatment with PNU120596 significantly reduced cognitive deficit-like behavior in the Y-maze test. The antidepressant and pro-cognitive-like effects of PNU120596 were reversed by PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (2 mg/kg).

Conclusion: These results suggest that PNU120596 prevented LPS-induced MDD and cognitivelike behavior by regulating α7 nAChR/PPAR-α signaling pathway in the hippocampus and PFC.

背景和目的:大脑α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(α7 nAChR)在涉及神经炎症的重度抑郁症(MDD)病理生理学中起着关键作用。研究表明,α7 nAChR刺激可通过其在大脑中的内源性配体调节核过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体-α(PPAR-α)的抗炎作用。本研究确定了α7 nAChR调节剂PNU120596对PPAR-α、κB(IκB)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达抑制剂以及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的影响。我们还评估了 PNU120596 和 PPAR-α 拮抗剂 GW6471 对小鼠抑郁样行为和认知缺陷样行为的联合影响:雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠接受 PNU120596 治疗,然后全身注射 LPS(1 毫克/千克,静注)。给药 LPS 后,使用 qRT-PCR 评估 PNU120596 对海马和前脑功能区 PPAR-α 和 IκB mRNA 表达的影响。同样,PNU120596 对 PPAR-α 和 NF-κB 免疫活性的影响也是通过免疫荧光法测定的。此外,还使用酶联免疫吸附法测定了 PNU120596 对海马和全脑功能区促炎细胞因子 IL-1β 水平的影响。还使用尾悬试验(TST)、强迫游泳试验(FST)和Y-迷宫试验评估了PNU120596和GW6471对LPS诱导的抑郁样和认知缺陷样行为的联合作用:结果:PNU120596(4 毫克/千克)能显著预防 LPS 引起的海马和前脑功能区 PPAR-α、IκB、p-NF-κB p65 和 IL-1β 的失调。PNU120596的预处理通过减少TST和FST中的静止时间而显示出显著的抗抑郁样作用。同样,PNU120596也能显著减少Y迷宫测试中的认知缺陷行为。PPAR-α拮抗剂GW6471(2 mg/kg)可逆转PNU120596的抗抑郁和促进认知类行为的作用:这些结果表明,PNU120596通过调节海马和前脑功能区的α7 nAChR/PPAR-α信号通路,预防了LPS诱导的MDD和认知样行为。
{"title":"The Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator PNU120596 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway in Mice.","authors":"Sami Alzarea, Shafiqur Rahman","doi":"10.2174/0118715273311527240916050749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273311527240916050749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) has a critical role in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involving neuroinflammation. The α7 nAChR stimulation has been shown to modulate the anti-inflammatory effects of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) via its endogenous ligands in the brain. The present study determined the effects of α7 nAChR modulator PNU120596 on PPAR-α, an inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an inflammatory mouse model of MDD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also evaluated the combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, on depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors in mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with PNU120596, followed by systemic LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The effects of PNU120596 on the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and IκB were assessed in the hippocampus and PFC using qRT-PCR following LPS administration. Similarly, the effects of PNU120596 on the immunoreactivity of PPAR-α and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using an immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, the effects of PNU120596 on pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using ELISA. The combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471 were also assessed against LPS-induced depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors using the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Y-maze test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNU120596 (4 mg/kg) significantly prevented LPS-induced dysregulation of PPAR-α, IκB, p-NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in the hippocampus and PFC. Pretreatment with PNU120596 showed significant antidepressant-like effects by reducing immobility time in the TST and FST. Similarly, pretreatment with PNU120596 significantly reduced cognitive deficit-like behavior in the Y-maze test. The antidepressant and pro-cognitive-like effects of PNU120596 were reversed by PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (2 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that PNU120596 prevented LPS-induced MDD and cognitivelike behavior by regulating α7 nAChR/PPAR-α signaling pathway in the hippocampus and PFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":93947,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revolutionising Neurological Therapeutics: Investigating Drug Repurposing Strategies. 神经病学疗法的革命:研究药物再利用战略。
Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273329531240911075309
Meenakshi Attri, Asha Raghav, Jyoti Sinha

Repurposing drugs (DR) has become a viable approach to hasten the search for cures for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). This review examines different off-target and on-target drug discovery techniques and how they might be used to find possible treatments for non-diagnostic depressions. Off-target strategies look at the known or unknown side effects of currently approved drugs for repositioning, whereas on-target strategies connect disease pathways to targets that can be treated with drugs. The review highlights the potential of experimental and computational methodologies, such as machine learning, proteomic techniques, network and genomics-based approaches, and in silico screening, in uncovering new drug-disease correlations. It also looks at difficulties and failed attempts at drug repurposing for NDs, highlighting the necessity of exact and standardised procedures to increase success rates. This review's objectives are to address the purpose of drug repurposing in human disorders, particularly neurological diseases, and to provide an overview of repurposing candidates that are presently undergoing clinical trials for neurological conditions, along with any possible causes and early findings. We then include a list of drug repurposing strategies, restrictions, and difficulties for upcoming research.

药物再利用(DR)已成为加速寻找神经退行性疾病(NDs)治疗方法的一种可行方法。本综述探讨了不同的非靶向和靶向药物发现技术,以及如何利用这些技术找到治疗非诊断性抑郁症的可能方法。非靶点策略关注目前已批准药物的已知或未知副作用,以便重新定位,而靶点策略则将疾病通路与可以用药物治疗的靶点联系起来。综述强调了实验和计算方法在发现新的药物-疾病相关性方面的潜力,如机器学习、蛋白质组技术、基于网络和基因组学的方法以及硅学筛选。本综述还探讨了针对 NDs 的药物再利用所遇到的困难和失败的尝试,强调了精确和标准化程序对提高成功率的必要性。本综述的目的是探讨在人类疾病(尤其是神经系统疾病)中进行药物再利用的目的,并概述目前正在进行神经系统疾病临床试验的再利用候选药物,以及任何可能的原因和早期发现。然后,我们列出了药物再利用的策略、限制和即将开展的研究的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Potential of Herbal Compounds as Autophagy Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. 探索草药化合物作为阿尔茨海默病自噬调节剂的潜力:全面综述。
Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273298025240905130205
Ekta Yadav, Ashok Kumar Mandal, Ajay Kumar Sah, Sandesh Poudel, Prateek Pathak, Habibullah Khalilullah, Mariusz Jaremko, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Pankajkumar Yadav, Amita Verma

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading to their death, and has become a leading cause of death in aging populations worldwide. AD is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation in neural tissues, but the precise pathophysiology of the disease is still obscure. Autophagy is an evolutionarily targeted mechanism that is necessary for the elimination of neuronal and glial misfolded proteins as well as proteins. It also plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity. The aberrant autophagy primarily influences the process of aging and neurodegeneration. Autophagy significantly influences how Aβ and tau function physiologically, therefore, atypical autophagy is expected to perform an important role in Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation characteristic in the development of AD. Bioactive phytoconstituents could majorly contribute as a natural yet effective alternative approach to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration and promote the active aging process in elderly patients. Over the recent years, it is well evidenced that different secondary metabolites including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols exhibited neuroprotective effects, and attenuated brain damage, and cognitive impairment in vitro as well as in vivo. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of action shared by them is the regulation of competent autophagy via the removal of aggregated protein and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present article is structured as a reference for researchers keen to investigate and assess the new natural compound-mediated therapeutic approach for AD treatment through the modulation of autophagy.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,会导致脑细胞萎缩,进而导致脑细胞死亡,已成为全球老龄人口的主要死因。阿尔茨海默病的特征是神经组织中β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积和tau磷酸化,但该病的确切病理生理学至今仍不清楚。自噬是一种有进化针对性的机制,是消除神经元和神经胶质细胞错误折叠蛋白以及蛋白质所必需的。它在突触可塑性中也发挥着重要作用。自噬异常主要影响衰老和神经退行性变的过程。自噬对 Aβ 和 tau 的生理功能有重要影响,因此,非典型自噬预计将在 AD 发病过程中的 Aβ 沉积和 tau 磷酸化特征中发挥重要作用。具有生物活性的植物成分可作为一种天然而有效的替代方法,为减缓老年患者神经退行性病变的进展和促进其积极衰老过程做出重要贡献。近年来,不同的次生代谢物(包括多酚、生物碱、萜烯和酚类)在体外和体内均表现出神经保护作用,并减轻了脑损伤和认知障碍。此外,它们共同的基本作用机制是通过清除聚集蛋白和线粒体功能障碍来调节自噬功能。本文旨在为热衷于研究和评估通过调节自噬来治疗注意力缺失症的新型天然化合物疗法的研究人员提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
The Neuroprotective Role of Tangeritin. 橘皮素的神经保护作用
Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273325789240904065214
Javeria Fatima, Yasir Hasan Siddique

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has increased with longer life expectancies, necessitating the exploration of novel neuroprotective agents. Tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone derived from citrus fruits, has gathered attention for its potential therapeutic effects. This review highlights the neuroprotective properties of tangeretin via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Tangeretin demonstrates efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage across various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, and epilepsy. It shows promise in ameliorating cognitive deficits and memory impairments associated with these diseases. Moreover, tangeretin modulates multiple signalling pathways and protects against neuronal apoptosis, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent.

随着人们寿命的延长,神经退行性疾病的发病率也在增加,因此有必要探索新型神经保护剂。橘皮素是从柑橘类水果中提取的一种多甲氧基化黄酮,因其潜在的治疗效果而备受关注。本综述将重点介绍橘皮素通过其抗氧化和抗炎机制所具有的神经保护特性。橘皮素在减轻氧化应激、神经炎症和神经元损伤方面具有疗效,适用于各种神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、脑缺血和癫痫。它有望改善与这些疾病相关的认知障碍和记忆损伤。此外,橘皮素还能调节多种信号通路,防止神经元凋亡,这凸显了它作为治疗药物的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Development of Zolmitriptan Formulation in Migraine Therapy: Production, Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Aspects. 用于偏头痛治疗的佐米曲普坦制剂的最新发展:生产、代谢和制药方面。
Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273306929240820071521
Farha Bano, Faris F Aba Alkhayl, Mohammad Rashid, Mohammed Ghanim Alqethami, Mohammed Omair Alsufyani, Khadijah Oudah R Alhothali, Mohammed Japer Mohammed Hakme, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Jarallah, Rikeshwer Prasad Dewangan, Asif Husain

The triptans class of pharmaceuticals, which was created to treat acute migraine, is made up of indole-containing drugs that bind to a subset (1B/1D) of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and are agonists of serotonin receptors. At the moment, naratriptan, eletriptan, zolmitriptan, rizatriptan, almotriptan, and frovatriptan are the seven types of triptans available on the market. Among these are the FDA-approved triptans, Zolmitriptan and Sumatriptan, which are selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) agonists. Zolmitriptan, a synthetic tryptamine derivative and a well-known member of the triptan family, is available as an orally disintegrating tablet, nasal spray, and tablet. There are melt formulations of rizatriptan and zolmitriptan available on the market that are easier to use and absorb, comparable to regular pills. Recently, the FDA approved zolmitriptan, a medication with tolerability comparable to sumatriptan. Whereas zolmitriptan is only available as an oral melt or tablet, sumatriptan is available as a nasal spray, oral preparation, or self-injectable kit. The only known antimigraine drugs that were widely utilized before the triptan period were ergotamine and dihydroergotamine. However, zolmitriptan binds to plasma proteins only 25% of the time because of significant first-pass degradation. Researchers have looked into fresh ideas for solving this issue and innovations to overcome its pharmacokinetic difficulties. This article emphasizes the role of zolmitriptan in the treatment of migraines, highlighting its pharmacological properties, production, metabolism, and structural features.

三苯氧胺类药物是为治疗急性偏头痛而诞生的,由含有吲哚的药物组成,这些药物与5-羟色胺受体的一个子集(1B/1D)结合,是血清素受体的激动剂。目前,市场上有纳拉曲坦、依利曲坦、佐米曲坦、利扎曲坦、阿莫曲坦和弗罗伐曲坦等七种曲坦类药物。其中,佐米曲普坦(Zolmitriptan)和舒马普坦(Sumatriptan)是美国食品及药物管理局批准的三普坦,它们是选择性 5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine)激动剂。佐米曲普坦(Zolmitriptan)是一种合成色胺衍生物,也是众所周知的曲坦类药物,有口腔崩解片、鼻喷剂和片剂等剂型。市场上有更易于使用和吸收的利扎曲普坦和佐米曲普坦的融化配方,可与普通药片相媲美。最近,美国食品及药物管理局批准了佐米曲普坦(zolmitriptan),这种药物的耐受性与舒马曲普坦相当。佐米曲普坦只有口服溶液或片剂,而舒马曲普坦则有鼻腔喷雾剂、口服制剂或自我注射试剂盒。在三普坦时期之前,唯一被广泛使用的已知抗偏头痛药物是麦角胺和双氢麦角胺。然而,由于存在明显的首过降解,佐米曲普坦与血浆蛋白的结合率仅为 25%。研究人员一直在寻找解决这一问题的新思路,并通过创新来克服其药代动力学方面的困难。本文强调了佐米曲普坦在偏头痛治疗中的作用,重点介绍了其药理特性、生产、代谢和结构特点。
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引用次数: 0
Nadolol Attenuates Brain Cell Ferroptosis in Ischemic Stroke Rats by Targeting the HOIL-1/IRP2 Pathway. 纳多洛尔通过靶向 HOIL-1/IRP2 通路减轻缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑细胞铁素沉着
Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273308006240822165146
Xiao-Yan Yang, Wen-Jun Zhu, Di-Chen, Dan Peng, Jun Peng, Zhi-Jun Zhou, Xiu-Ju Luo

Introduction: Heme-oxidized iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL-1) is believed to contribute to the ubiquitination of IRP2, which facilitates the transcription of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) while preventing the transcription of ferroportin-1 (FPN-1). Bioinformatics analysis predicts that nadolol (a β-blocker) interacts with the HOIL-1.

Method: The present study is intended to explore whether nadolol suppresses ferroptosis in the brains of rats suffering from ischemic stroke via targeting the HOIL-1/IRP2 pathway. A rat model of ischemic stroke was established by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 h plus 24 h reperfusion, and nadolol (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) was given at 1h after reperfusion. HT22 cells were subjected to 12 h of hypoxia, followed by 24 h of reoxygenation for simulating ischemic stroke, and nadolol (0.1 or 0.25 μM) was administered to the culture medium before reoxygenation.

Results: The stroke rats showed evident brain injury (increases in neurological deficit score and infarct volume) and ferroptosis, along with up-regulation of IRP2 and TfR1 while downregulation of HOIL-1 and FPN-1; these phenomena were reversed in the presence of nadolol. In the cultured HT22 cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced LDH release, ferroptosis, and changes in the levels of relevant proteins (IRP2, TfR1, HOIL-1, and FPN-1) were also reversed by nadolol.

Conclusion: In terms of these findings, it is concluded that nadolol can protect the ischemic rats' brains against ferroptosis by targeting the HOIL-1/IRP2 pathway, thereby preventing intracellular iron overload. Thus, nadolol may be a novel indication for treating patients with ischemic stroke.

导言:血红素氧化铁调控蛋白2(IRP2)泛素连接酶-1(HOIL-1)被认为有助于IRP2的泛素化,从而促进转铁蛋白受体1(TfR1)的转录,同时阻止铁蛋白-1(FPN-1)的转录。生物信息学分析预测纳多洛尔(一种β-受体阻滞剂)与 HOIL-1 相互作用:本研究旨在探讨纳多洛尔是否能通过靶向 HOIL-1/IRP2 通路抑制缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑内的铁蛋白沉积。通过阻断大脑中动脉2小时加24小时再灌注建立缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型,在再灌注后1小时给予纳多洛尔(2.5或5 mg/kg)。对 HT22 细胞进行 12 小时缺氧,然后进行 24 小时复氧以模拟缺血性脑卒中,并在复氧前在培养液中加入纳多洛尔(0.1 或 0.25 μM):结果:中风大鼠表现出明显的脑损伤(神经功能缺损评分和梗死体积增加)和铁变态反应,IRP2和TfR1上调,HOIL-1和FPN-1下调;这些现象在纳多洛尔的作用下被逆转。在培养的 HT22 细胞中,缺氧/复氧诱导的 LDH 释放、铁变态反应以及相关蛋白(IRP2、TfR1、HOIL-1 和 FPN-1)水平的变化也被纳多洛尔逆转:结论:根据上述研究结果,纳多洛尔可通过靶向 HOIL-1/IRP2 通路保护缺血大鼠大脑免受铁蛋白沉积的影响,从而防止细胞内铁超载。因此,纳多洛尔可能是治疗缺血性中风患者的新适应症。
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CNS & neurological disorders drug targets
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