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Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Aβ Peptide and Tau Aggregation. 天然化合物作为Aβ肽和Tau聚集的抑制剂。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273273539231114095300
Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro, Thiago Mendonça de Aquino, Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior

Neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) encompass disorders characterized by the degeneration of neurons in specific circumstances. The quest for novel agents to influence these diseases, particularly AD, has unearthed various natural compounds displaying multifaceted activities and diverse pharmacological mechanisms. Given the ongoing extensive study of pathways associated with the accumulation of neurofibrillary aggregates and amyloid plaques, this paper aims to comprehensively review around 130 studies exploring natural products. These studies focus on inhibiting the formation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, with the objective of potentially alleviating or delaying AD.

神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森氏病(PD)和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),包括在特定情况下以神经元退化为特征的疾病。对影响这些疾病,特别是阿尔茨海默病的新药物的探索,已经发现了各种天然化合物,它们具有多方面的活性和不同的药理机制。鉴于目前对神经原纤维聚集体和淀粉样斑块积累相关途径的广泛研究,本文旨在全面回顾约130项探索天然产物的研究。这些研究的重点是抑制淀粉样斑块和tau蛋白缠结的形成,目的是潜在地减轻或延缓AD。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Nanocomposites and Nanoparticles in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders. 纳米复合材料和纳米粒子在治疗神经退行性疾病中的应用。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273283338240104112106
Javeria Fatima, Yasir Hasan Siddique

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable global health challenge, affecting millions and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, among others, share common characteristics, such as neuronal loss, misfolded protein aggregation, and nervous system dysfunction. One of the major obstacles in treating these diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, limiting the delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to overcome these challenges. In Alzheimer's disease, NPs loaded with various compounds have shown remarkable promise in preventing amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and reducing neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease benefits from improved dopamine delivery and neuroprotection. Huntington's disease poses its own set of challenges, but nanotechnology continues to offer innovative solutions. The promising developments in nanoparticle-based interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS), have offered new avenues for effective treatment. Nanotechnology represents a promising frontier in biomedical research, offering tailored solutions to the complex challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. While much progress has been made, ongoing research is essential to optimize nanomaterial designs, improve targeting, and ensure biocompatibility and safety. Nanomaterials possess unique properties that make them excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery and neuroprotection. They can effectively bypass the blood-brain barrier, opening doors to precise drug delivery strategies. This review explores the extensive research on nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative disorders. These nanomaterials exhibit exceptional abilities to target neurodegenerative processes and halt disease progression.

神经退行性疾病是一项严峻的全球健康挑战,影响着数百万人的健康,给全球医疗保健系统带来沉重负担。阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症和亨廷顿氏症等疾病具有共同的特征,如神经元丧失、错误折叠蛋白聚集和神经系统功能障碍。治疗这些疾病的主要障碍之一是血脑屏障的存在,限制了治疗药物向中枢神经系统的输送。纳米技术为克服这些挑战提供了前景广阔的解决方案。在阿尔茨海默氏症方面,含有各种化合物的纳米粒子在防止淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)聚集和减少神经毒性方面显示出显著的前景。帕金森病可从改善多巴胺输送和神经保护中获益。亨廷顿氏病也带来了一系列挑战,但纳米技术不断提供创新的解决方案。基于纳米粒子的神经退行性疾病(如肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)和多发性硬化症(MS))干预技术的发展前景广阔,为有效治疗提供了新途径。纳米技术是生物医学研究领域前景广阔的前沿技术,可为神经退行性疾病带来的复杂挑战提供量身定制的解决方案。虽然已经取得了很大进展,但持续的研究对于优化纳米材料设计、提高靶向性、确保生物相容性和安全性至关重要。纳米材料具有独特的特性,使其成为靶向给药和神经保护的绝佳候选材料。它们能有效绕过血脑屏障,为精准给药策略打开了大门。本综述探讨了纳米颗粒(NPs)和纳米复合材料在诊断和治疗神经退行性疾病方面的广泛研究。这些纳米材料在针对神经退行性病变过程和阻止疾病进展方面表现出卓越的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence in The Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. 神经退行性疾病管理中的人工智能。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273266095231009092603
Sanchit Dhankhar, Somdutt Mujwar, Nitika Garg, Samrat Chauhan, Monika Saini, Prerna Sharma, Suresh Kumar, Satish Kumar Sharma, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Nidhi Rani

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a gradual but irreversible loss of neurological function. The ability to detect and treat these conditions successfully is crucial for ensuring the best possible quality of life for people who suffer from them. The development of effective new methods for managing and treating neurodegenerative illnesses has been made possible by recent developments in computer technology. In this overview, we take a look at the prospects for applying computational approaches, such as drug design, AI, ML, and DL, to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To review the current state of the field, this article discusses the potential of computational methods for early disease detection, quantifying disease progression, and understanding the underlying biological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the challenges associated with these approaches and potential future directions. Moreover, it delves into the creation of computational models for the individualization of care for neurodegenerative diseases. The article concludes with suggestions for future studies and clinical applications, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using computational techniques in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

神经退行性疾病的特点是神经功能逐渐但不可逆转的丧失。成功检测和治疗这些疾病的能力对于确保患者获得尽可能好的生活质量至关重要。计算机技术的最新发展使开发管理和治疗神经退行性疾病的有效新方法成为可能。在这篇综述中,我们来看看将计算方法(如药物设计、AI、ML和DL)应用于神经退行性疾病治疗的前景。为了回顾该领域的现状,本文讨论了计算方法在早期疾病检测、量化疾病进展、理解神经退行性疾病的潜在生物学机制方面的潜力,以及与这些方法相关的挑战和潜在的未来方向。此外,它还深入研究了神经退行性疾病个性化护理的计算模型的创建。文章最后对未来的研究和临床应用提出了建议,强调了使用计算技术治疗神经退行性疾病的优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic Disorder Therapeutics and their Effects on Memory. 代谢紊乱的治疗及其对记忆的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273269329231013074613
Punita Aggarwal, Faiz Khan, Sugato Banerjee

Diabetes is one of the major metabolic disorders of this era. It not only impacts a person's lifestyle but also has a long-term impact on the brain. It has a detrimental effect on a person's health when combined with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Several studies have suggested that the incidence of dementia is higher in people with metabolic syndrome. Investigations are underway to determine whether antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesteraemic, anti-hypertensive, and other combination medicines can minimize the incidence of cognitive impairment. Some studies have suggested that anti-diabetic drugs like metformin, liraglutide, and dapagliflozin might enhance memory in long-term users. At the same time, other studies indicate that long-term insulin use may cause memory decline. Similarly, drugs like ACEIs, CCBs, fibrates, statins, and various nutraceuticals have been shown to improve cognition via multiple mechanisms. Literature suggests that drugs that can treat metabolic syndrome can also partially reduce the accumulation of beta-amyloid, whereas some studies contradict these findings. We review the past thirty years' of research work and summarize the effects of most commonly used drugs and nutraceuticals for treating metabolic syndrome on memory. Here, we review the effects of antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and hypercholesteremic, and their combination in learning and memory.

糖尿病是这个时代的主要代谢紊乱之一。它不仅会影响一个人的生活方式,还会对大脑产生长期影响。当它与高血压和高脂血症相结合时,会对人的健康产生不利影响。几项研究表明,患有代谢综合征的人患痴呆症的几率更高。目前正在进行调查,以确定抗糖尿病、降血脂、高胆固醇、抗高血压和其他联合药物是否可以将认知障碍的发生率降至最低。一些研究表明,二甲双胍、利拉鲁肽和达格列嗪等抗糖尿病药物可能会增强长期使用者的记忆力。与此同时,其他研究表明,长期使用胰岛素可能会导致记忆力下降。类似地,ACEI、CCBs、贝特类药物、他汀类药物和各种营养品等药物已被证明可以通过多种机制改善认知。文献表明,治疗代谢综合征的药物也可以部分减少β淀粉样蛋白的积累,而一些研究与这些发现相矛盾。我们回顾了过去三十年的研究工作,总结了治疗代谢综合征的最常用药物和营养品对记忆的影响。在这里,我们回顾了抗糖尿病、降血脂、抗高血压和高胆固醇血症的作用,以及它们在学习和记忆方面的结合。
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引用次数: 0
The Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Networks in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停-低通气综合征患者默认模式网络的静息状态功能连接性。
Ting Chen, Ming Yang, Bin Liu, Yu-Ting Liu, Hui-Xin Zhang, Chuan-Chuan Liu, Yue Zhu, Zhi-Chun Huang, Ti-Fei Yuan

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is normally linked to cognitive and functional dysfunctions. In this study, we explored the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN) to show the mechanism of neurophysiology in patients with OSAHS. Resting-state structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were obtained from sixteen male moderate-to- severe patients with untreated OSAHS and 15 male matched healthy control subjects. The rsFC in the DMN was analyzed between OSAHS and healthy controls by the CONN software. Compared with the controls, the rsFC showed a significant decrease in the the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate, and showed an increase in the left inferior parietal lobule in OSAHS patients. The results indicated that the OSAHS patients presented alternatives of rsFC in the DMN compared with the controls.

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停-低通气综合征(OSAHS)通常与认知和功能障碍有关。在这项研究中,我们探讨了默认模式网络(DMN)的静息态功能连接(rsFC),以显示 OSAHS 患者的神经生理学机制。我们采集了16名未经治疗的中重度OSAHS男性患者和15名男性健康对照者的静息态结构和功能磁共振成像数据。利用 CONN 软件分析了 OSAHS 和健康对照组之间 DMN 的 rsFC。与对照组相比,OSAHS患者内侧前额叶皮层、扣带回前部和扣带回后部的rsFC明显下降,而左侧顶叶下部的rsFC则有所增加。结果表明,与对照组相比,OSAHS 患者在 DMN 中出现了 rsFC 替代。
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引用次数: 0
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CNS & neurological disorders drug targets
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