Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112544
Shangheng Fan, Yulan Cai, Yunqin Wei, Jia Yang, Jianmei Gao, Yan Yang
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and osteoporosis (OP) are associated with aging and obesity. The pathogenesis of SO is complex, including glucolipid and skeletal muscle metabolic disorders caused by inflammation, insulin resistance, and other factors. Growing evidence links muscle damage to bone loss. Muscle-lipid metabolism disorders of SO disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, increasing the risk of OP. Conversely, bones also play a role in fat and muscle metabolism. In the context of aging and obesity, the comprehensive review focuses on the effects of mechanical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), chronic inflammation, myokines, and adipokines on musculoskeletal, at the same time, the impact of osteokines on muscle-lipid metabolism were also analyzed. So far, exercise combined with diet therapy is the most effective strategy for increasing musculoskeletal mass. A holistic treatment of musculoskeletal diseases is still in the preliminary exploration stage. Therefore, this article aims to improve the understanding of musculoskeletal -fat interactions in SO and OP, explores targets that can provide holistic treatment for SO combined with OP, and discusses current limitations and challenges. We hope to provide relevant ideas for developing specific therapies and improving disease prognosis in the future.
肌肉松弛性肥胖(SO)和骨质疏松症(OP)与衰老和肥胖有关。肥胖症的发病机制十分复杂,包括炎症、胰岛素抵抗和其他因素引起的糖脂和骨骼肌代谢紊乱。越来越多的证据表明,肌肉损伤与骨质流失有关。骨骼肌脂代谢紊乱会破坏骨形成和骨吸收之间的平衡,增加罹患 OP 的风险。相反,骨骼也在脂肪和肌肉代谢中发挥作用。在衰老和肥胖的背景下,综合综述重点研究了机械刺激、间充质干细胞(MSCs)、慢性炎症、肌激蛋白和脂肪激蛋白对肌肉骨骼的影响,同时还分析了骨激蛋白对肌脂代谢的影响。到目前为止,运动结合饮食疗法是增加肌肉骨骼质量的最有效策略。肌肉骨骼疾病的综合治疗仍处于初步探索阶段。因此,本文旨在加深对 SO 和 OP 中肌肉骨骼-脂肪相互作用的理解,探索可对 SO 合并 OP 进行整体治疗的靶点,并讨论当前的局限性和挑战。我们希望能为未来开发特定疗法和改善疾病预后提供相关思路。
{"title":"Sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis: Research progress and hot spots.","authors":"Shangheng Fan, Yulan Cai, Yunqin Wei, Jia Yang, Jianmei Gao, Yan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and osteoporosis (OP) are associated with aging and obesity. The pathogenesis of SO is complex, including glucolipid and skeletal muscle metabolic disorders caused by inflammation, insulin resistance, and other factors. Growing evidence links muscle damage to bone loss. Muscle-lipid metabolism disorders of SO disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, increasing the risk of OP. Conversely, bones also play a role in fat and muscle metabolism. In the context of aging and obesity, the comprehensive review focuses on the effects of mechanical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), chronic inflammation, myokines, and adipokines on musculoskeletal, at the same time, the impact of osteokines on muscle-lipid metabolism were also analyzed. So far, exercise combined with diet therapy is the most effective strategy for increasing musculoskeletal mass. A holistic treatment of musculoskeletal diseases is still in the preliminary exploration stage. Therefore, this article aims to improve the understanding of musculoskeletal -fat interactions in SO and OP, explores targets that can provide holistic treatment for SO combined with OP, and discusses current limitations and challenges. We hope to provide relevant ideas for developing specific therapies and improving disease prognosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112583
The reemergence of primitive reflexes (PRs) in older age is related to cognitive impairment. Currently, there are no means to prevent or slow their reappearance, but research evidence exists for their control in children. Therefore, this experiment investigated whether a 16-week special sensorimotor exercise program could benefit older adults and whether the intervention-induced changes (if any) may be associated with various indices of mental health. Of 115 adults over 60, 95 completed the study (mean age = 76.37 ± SD = 7.04 years, 22 % men). The experimental group (n = 38) showed an almost threefold decline in PRs compared to controls. In contrast, the control group (n = 57) exhibited a nearly threefold increase in PRs compared to the intervention group. Cognitive function increased in the experimental but not in the control group. Changes in PRs over the 16-week intervention were positively related to negative mental health indices (hopelessness and perceived stress) and negatively related to well-being. These findings suggest that the here-presented mild sensorimotor exercises could affect older adults' reemerging PRs and that changes in PRs are associated with mental health benefits. These results may open new research avenues toward preventing cognitive and psychological decline in older adults.
{"title":"Changes in primitive reflexes in older adults and their relationship to mental health indices: An experimental investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reemergence of primitive reflexes (PRs) in older age is related to cognitive impairment. Currently, there are no means to prevent or slow their reappearance, but research evidence exists for their control in children. Therefore, this experiment investigated whether a 16-week special sensorimotor exercise program could benefit older adults and whether the intervention-induced changes (if any) may be associated with various indices of mental health. Of 115 adults over 60, 95 completed the study (mean age = 76.37 ± SD = 7.04 years, 22 % men). The experimental group (<em>n</em> = 38) showed an almost threefold decline in PRs compared to controls. In contrast, the control group (<em>n</em> = 57) exhibited a nearly threefold increase in PRs compared to the intervention group. Cognitive function increased in the experimental but not in the control group. Changes in PRs over the 16-week intervention were positively related to negative mental health indices (hopelessness and perceived stress) and negatively related to well-being. These findings suggest that the here-presented mild sensorimotor exercises could affect older adults' reemerging PRs and that changes in PRs are associated with mental health benefits. These results may open new research avenues toward preventing cognitive and psychological decline in older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002298/pdfft?md5=9b48f68d5844454cb0c22f066a41b95d&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002298-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112573
Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels and mortality among critically ill older adults in the intensive care unit (ICU), establish optimal BP target for this population, and assess the mediating effect of severe malnutrition on BP-related mortality.
Methods
Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 database, focusing on critically ill patients aged 80 years and older. The analysis included various BP parameters, such as systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
Results
The study cohort comprised 14,660 critically ill patients, of whom 1558 (10.6 %) experienced ICU mortality and 2493 (17.0 %) experienced in-hospital mortality. Lower BP levels (SBP ≤ 112 mmHg; DBP ≤ 53 mmHg; MAP ≤65 mmHg), were associated with an increased risk of both ICU and in-hospital mortality. Notably, only reduced SBP levels were linked to a higher risk of 1-year mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95 % confidence interval 1.05 to 1.23). Additionally, severe malnutrition was identified as a mediator in the relationship between low BP levels and ICU mortality, with BP levels positively correlated with prognostic nutritional indexes.
Conclusion
Among critically ill older adults, lower BP levels are significantly associated with higher risks of ICU and in-hospital mortality, while reduced SBP levels are linked to 1-year mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing nutritional status in older ICU patients with low BP levels to potentially mitigate mortality risk.
{"title":"Correlation between blood pressure and mortality in older critically ill patients: Insights from a large intensive care unit database","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels and mortality among critically ill older adults in the intensive care unit (ICU), establish optimal BP target for this population, and assess the mediating effect of severe malnutrition on BP-related mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 database, focusing on critically ill patients aged 80 years and older. The analysis included various BP parameters, such as systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study cohort comprised 14,660 critically ill patients, of whom 1558 (10.6 %) experienced ICU mortality and 2493 (17.0 %) experienced in-hospital mortality. Lower BP levels (SBP ≤ 112 mmHg; DBP ≤ 53 mmHg; MAP ≤65 mmHg), were associated with an increased risk of both ICU and in-hospital mortality. Notably, only reduced SBP levels were linked to a higher risk of 1-year mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95 % confidence interval 1.05 to 1.23). Additionally, severe malnutrition was identified as a mediator in the relationship between low BP levels and ICU mortality, with BP levels positively correlated with prognostic nutritional indexes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among critically ill older adults, lower BP levels are significantly associated with higher risks of ICU and in-hospital mortality, while reduced SBP levels are linked to 1-year mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing nutritional status in older ICU patients with low BP levels to potentially mitigate mortality risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002195/pdfft?md5=c17c6e5ff1deba00074a573079142b54&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112580
The pandemic has reinforced older adults' reliance on their homes and the concept of “aging in place”. Changes like reduced physical strength and cognitive deficit, however, have heightened the challenge of simple tasks like obstacle crossing among older adults, let alone when older adults cannot perceive the surroundings well during the nighttime. The study is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of lighting on older adults' obstacle-crossing behavior during the nighttime. Twenty-seven older adults (81 ± 6 yrs., 171 ± 12 cm, 75 ± 20 kg, 14 females) were recruited. Participants were asked to cross over the obstacle in a dark residential environment under point or line light. We found that the line light tended to (1) induce more external rotation of the trailing hip (p = 0.037) and more internal rotation of the leading ankle (p < 0.001) at leading leg liftoff; and (2) result in a more upright and erect posture during stance phase (less hip flexion, p = 0.006) and swing phase of the trailing leg (reduced pelvic flexion, p = 0.038). Postural changes induced by line light demonstrated improved body control, highlighting the influence of spatial information (horizontal & vertical directions) on crossing behavior in dark environments. The findings can provide additional evidence for the design of light systems in both retirement communities and individual homes. This is particularly important when designing built environments for the aging population, in cases where the surroundings may pose challenges such as obstructed walking, and other complex floor conditions.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of lighting sources on walking behavior in obstructed walkways among older adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pandemic has reinforced older adults' reliance on their homes and the concept of “aging in place”. Changes like reduced physical strength and cognitive deficit, however, have heightened the challenge of simple tasks like obstacle crossing among older adults, let alone when older adults cannot perceive the surroundings well during the nighttime. The study is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of lighting on older adults' obstacle-crossing behavior during the nighttime. Twenty-seven older adults (81 ± 6 yrs., 171 ± 12 cm, 75 ± 20 kg, 14 females) were recruited. Participants were asked to cross over the obstacle in a dark residential environment under point or line light. We found that the line light tended to (1) induce more external rotation of the trailing hip (<em>p</em> = 0.037) and more internal rotation of the leading ankle (<em>p</em> < 0.001) at leading leg liftoff; and (2) result in a more upright and erect posture during stance phase (less hip flexion, <em>p</em> = 0.006) and swing phase of the trailing leg (reduced pelvic flexion, <em>p</em> = 0.038). Postural changes induced by line light demonstrated improved body control, highlighting the influence of spatial information (horizontal & vertical directions) on crossing behavior in dark environments. The findings can provide additional evidence for the design of light systems in both retirement communities and individual homes. This is particularly important when designing built environments for the aging population, in cases where the surroundings may pose challenges such as obstructed walking, and other complex floor conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002262/pdfft?md5=47300424f079c878f74bbf9089dfcbfc&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112578
Background
Heart failure (HF) is a condition caused by a malfunction of the heart's pumping function. The single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index is a novel indicator for assessing insulin resistance in humans. However, the connection between the SPISE index and the risk of HF in the elderly is unknown. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the connection between the SPISE index and HF in older adults.
Methods
The study was based on data collected from the 1999–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and included 6165 participants aged ≥60 years. The multivariable linear regression model and the smooth fitting curve model were applied to investigate the connection between the SPISE index and HF in the elderly. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the interactive factors.
Results
In this study, the mean age of the population was 69.38 years. After adjusting for all covariates, we observed that the SPISE index was inversely related to the prevalence of HF (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.80–0.94, P < 0.001) in older adults. The interaction analysis showed that the association might be affected by diabetes mellitus and smoking status. Additionally, an inflection point between the SPISE index and HF was found among older women.
Conclusions
An inverse correlation was detected between the SPISE index and HF in the elderly. This could provide new insight into the prevention and management of HF in the elderly population.
{"title":"Association between single-point insulin sensitivity estimator and heart failure in older adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Heart failure (HF) is a condition caused by a malfunction of the heart's pumping function. The single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index is a novel indicator for assessing insulin resistance in humans. However, the connection between the SPISE index and the risk of HF in the elderly is unknown. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the connection between the SPISE index and HF in older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was based on data collected from the 1999–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and included 6165 participants aged ≥60 years. The multivariable linear regression model and the smooth fitting curve model were applied to investigate the connection between the SPISE index and HF in the elderly. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the interactive factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, the mean age of the population was 69.38 years. After adjusting for all covariates, we observed that the SPISE index was inversely related to the prevalence of HF (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.80–0.94, <em>P</em> < 0.001) in older adults. The interaction analysis showed that the association might be affected by diabetes mellitus and smoking status. Additionally, an inflection point between the SPISE index and HF was found among older women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An inverse correlation was detected between the SPISE index and HF in the elderly. This could provide new insight into the prevention and management of HF in the elderly population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002249/pdfft?md5=76ec7c587ba37df09e3ccc2fdbacc53a&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002249-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112579
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may help the brain resist both functional and structural neurodegeneration, which is critical for maintaining cognitive and neurological health in older adults. This meta-analysis and meta-regression seek to elucidate the impact of physical activity on these biomarker levels in healthy seniors, as well as to examine the influence of several moderator factors, including age, sex, period length, and time, for the first time. The standardized mean effect metric was used to assess the influence of weights, which reflected each group's relative importance in comparison to baseline data. The study looked at potential moderating factors including age, gender, and physical activity levels. The analysis of 11 studies indicated no significant effect of physical activity on VEGF levels [0.328, CI 95 % (−0.871 to 1.52); I2 = 0.00; p = 0.592; Q = 4.14]. Physical activity had a substantial impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (0.827, 95 % confidence interval: 0.487 to 1.16; I2 = 0.00; p = 0.00; Q = 78.46), with females showing particularly notable effects (Tau2 = 0.327, Tau = 0.571, I2 = 80.90 %, Q = 68.05, df = 15, p = 0.00). Physical activity also had a substantial effect on insulin-like growth factor 1 (0.276, 95 % confidence interval: 0.065 to 0.487; I2 = 0.00; p = 0.10; Q = 8.35), indicating that it positively influences IGF-1 levels. Overall, while physical exercise has a significant effect on BDNF and IGF-1, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on vascular endothelial growth factor and to investigate how individual characteristics may influence exercise outcomes.
{"title":"The effect of physical exercise on circulating neurotrophic factors in healthy aged subjects: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may help the brain resist both functional and structural neurodegeneration, which is critical for maintaining cognitive and neurological health in older adults. This meta-analysis and meta-regression seek to elucidate the impact of physical activity on these biomarker levels in healthy seniors, as well as to examine the influence of several moderator factors, including age, sex, period length, and time, for the first time. The standardized mean effect metric was used to assess the influence of weights, which reflected each group's relative importance in comparison to baseline data. The study looked at potential moderating factors including age, gender, and physical activity levels. The analysis of 11 studies indicated no significant effect of physical activity on VEGF levels [0.328, CI 95 % (−0.871 to 1.52); I<sup>2</sup> = 0.00; <em>p</em> = 0.592; Q = 4.14]. Physical activity had a substantial impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (0.827, 95 % confidence interval: 0.487 to 1.16; I<sup>2</sup> = 0.00; <em>p</em> = 0.00; Q = 78.46), with females showing particularly notable effects (Tau<sup>2</sup> = 0.327, Tau = 0.571, I<sup>2</sup> = 80.90 %, Q = 68.05, df = 15, <em>p</em> = 0.00). Physical activity also had a substantial effect on insulin-like growth factor 1 (0.276, 95 % confidence interval: 0.065 to 0.487; I<sup>2</sup> = 0.00; <em>p</em> = 0.10; Q = 8.35), indicating that it positively influences IGF-1 levels. Overall, while physical exercise has a significant effect on BDNF and IGF-1, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on vascular endothelial growth factor and to investigate how individual characteristics may influence exercise outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002250/pdfft?md5=83e9f99dfb752e857f93dd6c4ec2e244&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112577
Total cholesterol (TC) and the cholesterol oxidation product 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) are both increased in the elderly. Accumulating evidence has linked 27-OHC to glucose metabolism in the brain, while docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to positively regulate the 27-OHC levels. However, it is unclear whether DHA may affect glucose metabolism in the brain by regulating 27-OHC levels. In this study, we hypothesized that DHA supplementation would modulate TC levels and reduce 27-OHC levels, thereby improving brain glucose metabolism in SAMP8 mice. The mice were assigned into the Control group and DHA dietary supplementation group. The study evaluated cholesterol levels, 27-OHC levels, and glucose metabolism in the brain. The results showed that DHA supplementation decreased serum levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and improved the glucose-corrected standardized uptake value of cortex, hippocampus, and whole brain regions in SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, supplementation of DHA could regulate the cholesterol composition and reduce the level of 27-OHC, thereby improving brain glucose metabolism in SAMP8 mice.
老年人的总胆固醇(TC)和胆固醇氧化产物 27-羟基胆固醇(27-OHC)都会升高。越来越多的证据表明,27-OHC 与大脑中的葡萄糖代谢有关,而二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)已被证明能积极调节 27-OHC 的水平。然而,目前还不清楚 DHA 是否会通过调节 27-OHC 水平来影响大脑中的葡萄糖代谢。在本研究中,我们假设补充 DHA 会调节 TC 水平并降低 27-OHC 水平,从而改善 SAMP8 小鼠的脑糖代谢。小鼠被分为对照组和 DHA 膳食补充剂组。研究评估了胆固醇水平、27-OHC 水平和大脑中的葡萄糖代谢。结果显示,补充 DHA 能降低 SAMP8 小鼠血清中胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的水平,并能改善大脑皮层、海马和整个脑区的葡萄糖校正标准化摄取值。总之,补充 DHA 可以调节胆固醇组成,降低 27-OHC 水平,从而改善 SAMP8 小鼠的脑糖代谢。
{"title":"18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging reveals the protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on glucose metabolism by reducing brain 27-hydroxycholesterol","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Total cholesterol (TC) and the cholesterol oxidation product 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) are both increased in the elderly. Accumulating evidence has linked 27-OHC to glucose metabolism in the brain, while docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to positively regulate the 27-OHC levels. However, it is unclear whether DHA may affect glucose metabolism in the brain by regulating 27-OHC levels. In this study, we hypothesized that DHA supplementation would modulate TC levels and reduce 27-OHC levels, thereby improving brain glucose metabolism in SAMP8 mice. The mice were assigned into the Control group and DHA dietary supplementation group. The study evaluated cholesterol levels, 27-OHC levels, and glucose metabolism in the brain. The results showed that DHA supplementation decreased serum levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and improved the glucose-corrected standardized uptake value of cortex, hippocampus, and whole brain regions in SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, supplementation of DHA could regulate the cholesterol composition and reduce the level of 27-OHC, thereby improving brain glucose metabolism in SAMP8 mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002237/pdfft?md5=9e5d94c7e358ff164a13cd36aa5e52f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112571
Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a significant complication in patients with cirrhosis. This condition not only exacerbates the overall morbidity and mortality associated with liver disease but also complicates patient management, increasing the risk of hospitalization, infections, and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite its clinical significance, sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in cirrhosis, including mechanisms such as altered metabolism, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation. Additionally, we explore diagnostic challenges and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. By highlighting the gaps in existing research and proposing directions for future studies, this review seeks to improve the management and outcomes of cirrhotic patients affected by sarcopenia.
{"title":"Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to interventional therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a significant complication in patients with cirrhosis. This condition not only exacerbates the overall morbidity and mortality associated with liver disease but also complicates patient management, increasing the risk of hospitalization, infections, and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite its clinical significance, sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in cirrhosis, including mechanisms such as altered metabolism, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation. Additionally, we explore diagnostic challenges and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. By highlighting the gaps in existing research and proposing directions for future studies, this review seeks to improve the management and outcomes of cirrhotic patients affected by sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002171/pdfft?md5=b32448873753b012787190b7eedde4b9&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112569
Background
Dementia poses a significant global health challenge. Anthocyanins neutralize free radicals, modulate signaling pathways, inhibit pro-inflammatory genes, and suppress cytokine production and may thus have positive cognitive effects in people at increased risk of dementia. We aim to investigate the effects of purified anthocyanins on cognitive function in people at increased risk of dementia according to their inflammation status based on blood-based inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cluster analysis was performed to categorize two groups based on their individual inflammatory biomarker profile using multiplex sandwich ELISA for the quantitative measurement of cytokines. Descriptive statistics and longitudinal models assessed cognitive outcomes. The primary comparison was the group difference at week 24 based on a modified intention-to-treat analysis.
Results
Cluster analysis revealed two distinct inflammatory biomarker profiles. In Cluster 1 (high levels of inflammation biomarkers), anthocyanin treatment showed a statistically significant improvement on cognitive function compared to placebo at 24 weeks. No significant differences were observed in Cluster 2 (low levels of inflammation biomarkers). The demographic characteristics, cognitive scores, and biomarker distributions were similar between treatment groups at baseline. However, cluster 1 exhibited higher BMI, diabetes prevalence, medication usage, and lower HDL cholesterol levels.
Conclusion
Individuals with elevated levels of inflammation markers benefited from anthocyanin treatment to enhance cognitive performance, whereas those with lower levels did not. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of anthocyanins make them a promising intervention, and future prospective trials in people with increased inflammation are warranted.
{"title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of purified anthocyanins on cognitive function in individuals at elevated risk for dementia: Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers toward personalized interventions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dementia poses a significant global health challenge. Anthocyanins neutralize free radicals, modulate signaling pathways, inhibit pro-inflammatory genes, and suppress cytokine production and may thus have positive cognitive effects in people at increased risk of dementia. We aim to investigate the effects of purified anthocyanins on cognitive function in people at increased risk of dementia according to their inflammation status based on blood-based inflammatory biomarkers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a secondary analysis of a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cluster analysis was performed to categorize two groups based on their individual inflammatory biomarker profile using multiplex sandwich ELISA for the quantitative measurement of cytokines. Descriptive statistics and longitudinal models assessed cognitive outcomes. The primary comparison was the group difference at week 24 based on a modified intention-to-treat analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cluster analysis revealed two distinct inflammatory biomarker profiles. In Cluster 1 (high levels of inflammation biomarkers), anthocyanin treatment showed a statistically significant improvement on cognitive function compared to placebo at 24 weeks. No significant differences were observed in Cluster 2 (low levels of inflammation biomarkers). The demographic characteristics, cognitive scores, and biomarker distributions were similar between treatment groups at baseline. However, cluster 1 exhibited higher BMI, diabetes prevalence, medication usage, and lower HDL cholesterol levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Individuals with elevated levels of inflammation markers benefited from anthocyanin treatment to enhance cognitive performance, whereas those with lower levels did not. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of anthocyanins make them a promising intervention, and future prospective trials in people with increased inflammation are warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002158/pdfft?md5=5a01c64f5669c560463227274e83a342&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575
Ageism encompasses the creation of negative stereotypes of aging that culminate in the development of prejudicial thoughts and discriminatory actions against people in advanced age. Stereotypes refer to major characteristics, overgeneralized, not supported by observations, that are created to categorize, simplify, and combine complex characteristics, attributes, and behaviors shared by members of a group into more simplistic categories. Negative aging stereotypes include the assumption that old people are weak, reminiscent, sick, and tired, to quote a few. In early age, these views may generate intergenerational conflicts between young and old people, but they seem to have little effect on other aspects of life. However, in middle-aged and older adults, the presence of negative-self stereotypes of aging are significantly associated with several health parameters, including walking speed, cognitive function, mental health problems, and accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, observational studies found that ageism might be associated with cardiovascular events, obesity, dementia, and death. These harmful effects are possibly mediated by the interaction between ageism and fundamental mechanisms of aging, mainly inflammation. Given the clinical implications of this relationship, the present manuscript provides a critical review of the available literature that examined associations between ageism and health parameters. We also discuss the main possible mechanisms underlying this association, the main limitations of the current literature, candidate strategies to counteract ageism, and directions to future studies. Finally, we provide a critical opinion of the current scenario and its potential adaptability to the clinical practice.
{"title":"The influence of ageism on the hallmarks of aging: Where age stigma and biology collide","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ageism encompasses the creation of negative stereotypes of aging that culminate in the development of prejudicial thoughts and discriminatory actions against people in advanced age. Stereotypes refer to major characteristics, overgeneralized, not supported by observations, that are created to categorize, simplify, and combine complex characteristics, attributes, and behaviors shared by members of a group into more simplistic categories. Negative aging stereotypes include the assumption that old people are weak, reminiscent, sick, and tired, to quote a few. In early age, these views may generate intergenerational conflicts between young and old people, but they seem to have little effect on other aspects of life. However, in middle-aged and older adults, the presence of negative-self stereotypes of aging are significantly associated with several health parameters, including walking speed, cognitive function, mental health problems, and accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, observational studies found that ageism might be associated with cardiovascular events, obesity, dementia, and death. These harmful effects are possibly mediated by the interaction between ageism and fundamental mechanisms of aging, mainly inflammation. Given the clinical implications of this relationship, the present manuscript provides a critical review of the available literature that examined associations between ageism and health parameters. We also discuss the main possible mechanisms underlying this association, the main limitations of the current literature, candidate strategies to counteract ageism, and directions to future studies. Finally, we provide a critical opinion of the current scenario and its potential adaptability to the clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002213/pdfft?md5=95bb50e061fbf48d44ce99cc9aeb82e2&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}