Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Lower extremity muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in older adults: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Davi Alves de Santana ,&nbsp;Pedro Godoi Scolfaro ,&nbsp;Emanuele Marzetti ,&nbsp;Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on knee extensor muscle hypertrophy in adults 65 years and older.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to review randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of supervised RT on 1) muscle size, 2) fiber area, and 3) leg lean mass (LLM). Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean difference (SMD) and raw mean difference (RMD) for LLM were calculated. We performed a meta-regression to examine the interference of age, training volume, and duration on the results related to hypertrophy at muscle and fiber levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two studies were included in the review, and 28 were meta-analyzed. The meta-analysis found a significant effect of RT on muscle size (SMD = 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.16–0.52; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and fiber area (SMD = 0.54; 95 % CI: 0.24–0.84; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), but not on LLM (RMD = 0.22; 95 % CI: −0.22-0.66 <em>p</em> = 0.321<em>). A</em> subanalysis of studies that assessed quadriceps femoris size (excluding isolated quadriceps femoris muscles from the analysis) also revealed a significant effect of RT (95 % CI: 0.20–0.69; <em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.001)</em>. Regression analysis indicated a significant influence of intervention duration on type II fiber area (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.034),</em> while no significant influence was detected for weekly sets or age for any outcome measure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RT promotes muscle hypertrophy in older adults at both whole-muscle and fiber levels, with training duration potentially influencing the response. Measures of leg lean mass may not capture RT-induced adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of precision health management combined with dual-energy bone densitometer treatment on bone biomarkers in senile osteoporosis patients","authors":"Zhixing Du ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Yan ,&nbsp;Yongjian Liu,&nbsp;Yongbin Pei,&nbsp;Jin Zhou,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Dandan Han,&nbsp;Litao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigates the effects of precision health management combined with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) therapy on bone biomarkers in elderly osteoporotic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>236 elderly patients diagnosed with osteoporosis between May 2020 and November 2021 were enrolled from our hospital. Patients were randomly allocated to either the observation group (<em>n</em> = 118), receiving precision health management alongside DXA therapy, or the control group (<em>n</em> = 118), receiving standard treatment. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Protein levels of bone formation markers (BSAP, OC) and bone resorption markers (CTX, DPD, TRAP) were analyzed using Western blotting. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at the same intervals. Osteoporosis knowledge and self-management confidence were evaluated using respective scales before and after intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The observation group exhibited decreased BSAP and increased OC and OC protein expressions compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CTX, DPD, and TRAP protein levels were significantly lower in the observation group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Prior to the intervention, there were no significant variations observed in BMD, as well as VAS, knowledge, and self-efficacy scores between the two groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, over the course of 12 and 24 months, the observation group exhibited significant increases in BMD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). VAS scores were notably lower in the observation group during both follow-up assessments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, knowledge scores were higher in the observation group at 12 and 24 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while self-efficacy scores showed significant improvement in the observation group at both follow-up intervals (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Precision health management combined with DXA therapy positively impacts elderly osteoporotic patients by enhancing bone biomarkers, promoting bone growth, and preventing bone loss. This approach leads to increased BMD, reduced fracture risk, improved pain management, and enhanced knowledge and self-management abilities related to osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate effects of structured and natural deep breathing on heart rate variability and blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Ting-Ting Yeh ,&nbsp;Yi-Chieh Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigated the immediate effects of structured deep breathing (SDB) and natural deep breathing (NDB) on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to SDB (<em>n</em> = 14) or NDB (<em>n</em> = 12) groups. HRV parameters (time domain: standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN], root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]; frequency domain: low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], LF/HF ratio, total power [TP], normalized low frequency [LFnu], normalized high frequency [HFnu]) and BP were assessed during spontaneous breathing, DB, and post DB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed significant increases during DB in SDNN (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), RMSSD (<em>p</em> = 0.021), LF power (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), LFnu (p &lt; 0.001), TP (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and LF/HF ratio (p &lt; 0.001). HFnu decreased significantly during DB (p &lt; 0.001) with no group differences. HF power showed no significant effect in group and time. BP remained stable throughout the protocol, with no significant changes in either systolic or diastolic BP across time points or between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This first direct comparison of structured versus natural DB in healthy older adults demonstrates that both approaches effectively enhance parasympathetic activity. These findings support DB as a cost-effective, accessible intervention for promoting autonomic balance in healthy aging, without requiring specialized equipment or instruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Spatial learning and memory impairment at the post-follicular depletion state is associated with reduced hippocampal glucose uptake” [Exp. Gerontol. 197 (2024) 112607]","authors":"Nur Zuliani Ramli ,&nbsp;Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya ,&nbsp;Nur Azlina Mohd Fahami ,&nbsp;Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah ,&nbsp;Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Bakar ,&nbsp;Aslina Pahrudin Arrozi ,&nbsp;Daijiro Yanagisawa ,&nbsp;Ikuo Tooyama ,&nbsp;Meharvan Singh ,&nbsp;Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in mortality risk and U-shaped relationship with klotho levels: A long-term cohort study","authors":"Junwen Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Bai ,&nbsp;Yuyang Ye,&nbsp;Xuefeng Chen,&nbsp;Xinru Hu,&nbsp;Yong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>It remains unclear whether there are sex differences in the correlation between klotho and mortality risk. The purpose of our study is to investigate the relationship between klotho levels and all-cause mortality, specifically examining potential sex disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study employed the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival curves to conduct multivariate analyses investigating the associations between klotho and mortality. The impact of klotho level on mortality was assessed by a restricted cubic spline curve.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study included 13,748 participants. The hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality were found to be higher in males compared to females. The risk of all-cause mortality decreased until the klotho level reached 959 pg/mL in all-cause mortality, then increased thereafter in females (<em>P</em> value for nonlinearity = 0.01, P overall = 0.02); no curved relationship was observed in males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Klotho levels and mortality follow a U-shaped curve, with sex differences in the relationship. Males with higher klotho levels have a higher risk of all-cause death than females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific poor physical performance in Korean community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Suyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Taehyun Song ,&nbsp;Seongryu Bae ,&nbsp;Hyuntae Park ,&nbsp;S. Jun Son","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor physical performance appears to be different across age and sex. The aim of this study was to examine changes in physical performance across age groups by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 292 community-dwelling older adults (144 males, 148 females; age: 74.7 ± 5.2 years, body mass index: 23.8 ± 2.7 kg/m²). Physical performance tests included (i) strength (handgrip, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle plantarflexion, and toe grip), (ii) functional mobility (5 sit-to-stand, 4-m gait speed, and 4-m fast gait speed), and (iii) postural control (timed single-leg stance). Physical performance was compared across four different age groups by sex using ANOVA tests, T-score, and linear regression analysis. All statistical analysis was set at 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ANOVA showed a significant age effect (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) on physical performance measures with only exception for ankle muscle strength. T-score and linear regression analyses revealed sex-specific trends. In males, postural control showed the most significant poor performance, followed by strength. In females, the most notable poor performance was also observed in postural control, followed by functional mobility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most main outcome measures in physical performance worsened over time across age groups while poor performance pattern was different between older males (strength) and females (functional mobility). We highlighted the importance of assessing strength, functional mobility, and postural control in older adults. Based on observed poor performance patterns across age groups by sex, sex-specific interventions should be implemented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning insights on activities of daily living disorders in Chinese older adults","authors":"Huanting Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianan He ,&nbsp;Xingyou Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study on the aged population in China first used a large-scale longitudinal survey database to explore how different life factors affect their ability to engage in daily activities. We select and integrate multiple machine models to obtain an excellent model for analyzing relationships. Based on the identified factors, our goal is to help them maintain a good daily life and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We analyzed data from 13,220 older individuals participating in the China Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2002 to 2018. ADL was measured based on participants' self-reported results. Nine machine learning algorithms, including neural networks and an ensemble model, were employed with a 2/3 training and 1/3 testing split. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, while logistic regression assessed the relationship between lifestyle changes and ADL disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and decision tree algorithms showed the best performance, with AUCs of 0.8598 and 0.8322, respectively. Combining results from all models improved the AUC to 0.8619. Activities, such as playing mahjong, engaging in outdoor work, and reducing TV time, were linked to lower ADL decline, with greater participation in social activities and pet care also being beneficial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Machine learning algorithms, especially ensemble models, can effectively identify older adults at risk for ADL disorders. Increased outdoor activity, social engagement, and dietary adjustments are associated with a decreased risk of ADL deterioration.</div></div><div><h3>Translational significance</h3><div><ul><li><span>1)</span><span><div>The primary question addressed by this study is: What modifiable risk factors can impact Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in older adults?</div></span></li><li><span>2)</span><span><div>The main finding of this study is that specific daily activities, such as playing mahjong and engaging in outdoor activities, significantly reduce the risk of future ADL disorders in older adults. Additionally, a robust predictive model was developed using longitudinal data from 13,220 individuals, improving the accuracy of ADL disorder risk predictions.</div></span></li><li><span>3)</span><span><div>The meaning of the finding is that incorporating behavioral interventions into community care strategies can effectively enhance the well-being of older adults by minimizing their risk of ADL dysfunction.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of plasma suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 levels in risk stratification and outcome prediction of complicated acute kidney injury in elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019","authors":"Fang Li ,&nbsp;Xue Tian ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Ling-Pei Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-Ying Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112634","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of this study is to investigate the early prognostic efficacy of plasma soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) in complicated acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to analyze the relevant factors contributing to complicated AKI in these patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at the Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected as study participants. A total of 589 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 patients complicated with AKI were classified as AKI group, and the remaining 521 cases were divided into proportion sampling method and randomly selected 200 samples, which were classified as non-AKI group. Additionally, 50 healthy controls were enrolled as the control group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relevant factors associated with complicated AKI in patients with COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of plasma suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 indicators for complicated AKI in patients with COVID-19.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among the patients with COVID-19 in the AKI group, 43 were males (63.20 %), with a median age of 79.00 (interquartile range: 75.00, 83.00) years, while the non-AKI group comprised 83 males (41.50 %), with a median age of 73.00 (interquartile range: 60.00, 80.75) years. Comparison of the sex and age between the two groups indicated that males and elderly patients had increased risks of complicated AKI (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Plasma levels of suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that suPAR and sTNFR2 were independent factors influencing complicated AKI in patients with COVID-19 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The ROC curve for a single indicator showed that suPAR had the highest prognostic efficacy for complicated AKI, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.813, a sensitivity of 79.4 %, and a specificity of 74.0 %. The combined use of suPAR and sTNFR2 for risk assessment yielded the highest AUC of 0.838, with a sensitivity of 66.2 % and a specificity of 87.5 %. The combined risk assessment using all three indicators (suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2) had an AUC of 0.837, with a sensitivity of 64.7 % and a specificity of 89.0 %.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Elderly patients had increased risks of complicated AKI. Indicators such as suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 can assist in assessing the risk in patients with COVID-19 complicated AKI, with suPAR demonstrating the highest prognostic efficacy as a single indicator. The combined detection of suPAR, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 offers greater prognos","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical exercise on Irisin and BDNF concentrations, and their relationship with cardiometabolic and mental health of individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review","authors":"Wilder Villamil-Parra ,&nbsp;Luisa Moscoso-Loaiza","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading global causes of mortality, accounting for 71 % of deaths annually. Metabolic Syndrome (MS), characterized by hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, is a significant risk factor for NCDs. Physical inactivity exacerbates these conditions, contributing to poor cardiovascular and mental health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the effects of physical exercise on Irisin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) concentrations and their relationship with cardiometabolic and mental health of individuals with MS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted of articles published between August 2023 and June 2024 in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SciELO, following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews with high methodological quality. The review focused on Irisin, BDNF, physical exercise, and MS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 584 articles were identified, with 43 selected for detailed analysis. The review highlights that physical exercise significantly impacts Irisin and BDNF levels, which in turn influence metabolic and mental health. Irisin, a myokine secreted during exercise, promotes the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, enhancing energy expenditure and metabolic health. Elevated Irisin levels are associated with improved cognitive function and mental well-being. BDNF, a neurotrophin, supports neuronal growth and cognitive function. Exercise-induced increases in BDNF levels are linked to enhanced neuroplasticity, reduced anxiety, and improved mood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Understanding the role of Irisin and BDNF in response to physical exercise offers valuable insights for developing strategies to manage and prevent MS and its related mental health issues. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of mild cognitive impairment in older adults using a polynomial regression model based on prefrontal cortex hemoglobin oxygenation","authors":"Mao Tso-Yen ,&nbsp;Huang Chun-Feng ,&nbsp;Lo Hong-Wa ,&nbsp;Liu Ying-Fang ,&nbsp;Hsu Wei-Hsun ,&nbsp;Hwang Shinn-Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study employed a three-minute game-based intelligence test (GBIT) to create a hemoglobin polynomial regression model for early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>210 older adult participants were recruited from community centers in the central region of Taichung City. Working memory (WM) performance in older adults was assessed during GBIT, while hemoglobin responses were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Variables included oxyhemoglobin (O₂Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). Data sequences underwent a fitting procedure using a transformed cubic polynomial function. The transformed coefficients were used as predictors of a logistic regression model to recognize MCI in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study confirmed the relationship between age and cognitive performance. The findings demonstrate that the NIRS cubic polynomial function trends during the GBIT test showed significant changes in older adults, increasing with age. Logistic regression analysis identified age and the orientation (coefficient <em>a</em>) of HHb as the main factors for recognizing MCI. The model achieved an overall precision of 83.33 % (sensitivity = 75.00 %; specificity = 84.68 %) with the formula: ln (Odds [<em>MCI</em>]) = −1.64 + 0.57 × <em>HHb_a</em> + 1.40 × <em>age</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NIRS hemoglobin response characteristics during GBIT may serve as an efficient indicator of MCI in older adults. These findings may advance the field of cognitive health evaluation, resulting in earlier detection of cognitive deterioration in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}