Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"The influence of different tree densities on alpha waves, physical activity enjoyment, and satisfaction of late middle-aged and older adults using virtual cycling.","authors":"Ta-Wei Tang, Tsai-Chiao Wang, Chia-Liang Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE), as a novel approach to promoting physical activity, shows great potential for improving the mental health and healthy lifestyle of older adults. Based on stress reduction theory, tree density is regarded as a main characteristic of a virtual sportscape that will affect the experience and benefits of exercising. However, the effect of tree density on the experience of exercising remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of tree cover density on the alpha waves induced and the enjoyment and satisfaction derived by engaging in physical activity in a virtual environment. Eighty-seven late middle-aged and older adults were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: a high tree density sportscape (HTDS = 36-60 %), a medium tree density sportscape, (MTDS = 20-35 %), and a control condition. Questionnaires and electroencephalogram read-outs of alpha waves were used to evaluate the changes in stress levels experienced by the participants before, during, and after 20 min of cycling. The results showed that participants exposed to an HTDS exhibited to physical activity with significantly more enjoyment and satisfaction than those in the MTDS and control groups. In contrast, the highest degree of relaxation was exhibited in the MTDS condition, suggesting that an MTDS is more effective at reducing perceived stress among late middle-aged and older adults engaging in virtual cycling. These findings demonstrate that exercising in a virtual reality setting with different densities of tree cover comes with physiological and psychological wellbeing for late middle-aged and older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"112608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High glucose-induced senescence contributes to tubular epithelial cell damage in diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Deping Xu, Puseletso Moru, Kainan Liao, Wei Song, Ping Yang, Dandan Zang, Chunlin Cai, Haisheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysfunctional renal tubular epithelial cells, induced by high glucose, are commonly observed in the kidney tissues of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of these cells often leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and kidney damage in DN. High glucose also triggers mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, contributing further to the dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells. Cellular senescence, a recognized characteristic of DN, is primarily caused by high glucose. However, it remains unclear whether high glucose-induced cellular senescence in DN exacerbates the functional impairment of tubular epithelial cells. In this study, we examined the relationship between EMT and cellular senescence in kidney tissues from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN and HK-2 cells treated with high glucose (HG). We also investigated the impact of HG concentrations on tubular epithelial cells, specifically mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and apoptosis. These damages were primarily associated with the secretion of cytokines (such as IL-6, and TNF-α), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and an increase of intracellular Ca²⁺. Notably, resveratrol, an anti-aging agent, could effectively attenuate the occurrence of EMT, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis induced by HG. Mechanistically, anti-aging treatment leads to a reduction in cytokine secretion, ROS production, and intracellular Ca²⁺ levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"112609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox","authors":"Beatrice Arosio ,&nbsp;Anna Picca","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is a dynamic process that requires a continuous response and adaptation to internal and external stimuli over the life course. This eventually results in people aging differently and women aging differently than men. The “gender paradox” describes how women experience greater longevity than men, although linked with higher rates of disability and poor health status.</div><div>Recently, the concept of frailty has been incorporated into this paradox giving rise to the “sex-frailty paradox” which describes how women are frailer because they manifest worse health status but, at the same time, appear less susceptible to death than men of the same age. However, very little is known about the biological roots of this sex-related difference in frailty.</div><div>Inflamm-aging, the chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated with age, plays a key pathophysiological role in several age-related diseases/conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which women have a higher lifetime risk than men. Interestingly, inflamm-aging develops at a different rate in women compared to men, with features that could play a critical role in the development of AD in women.</div><div>According to this view, a continuum between aging and age-related diseases that probably lacks clear boundaries can be envisioned in which several shared biological mechanisms that progress at different pace may lead to different aging trajectories in women than in men. It, therefore, becomes urgent to consider a holistic approach in the study of aging, and decline it from a gender medicine perspective also considering the biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian rhythms and objective measures of physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan","authors":"Jia-Chian Hu ,&nbsp;Szu-Yu Hou ,&nbsp;Jeanne L. Shea ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Han Tang ,&nbsp;Sheng-Fu Liang ,&nbsp;Yu-Ching Hsu ,&nbsp;Ching-Ju Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To identify the association between daytime activity with objectively monitor and subjective variables at a different time-zone of day as well as the sex differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants aged 50 years and older living in the community in Taiwan were recruited. The activity was measured by wearable actigraphy devices, diaries, and self-reported questionnaires. The study used nonparametric analysis to examine the association between mean activity level and demographic and subjective measurement variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 55 participants enrolled in the study, data of 34 (62 %) participants who meet the criteria that wore a wearable actigraphy device for at least 7 completed days were analyzed. There is no significant relationship between each demographics and subjective measurement variables. However, actigraphy counts are significantly related to female's nutrition (Z = -2.367, <em>p</em> = 0.017*), and male's retirement status (Z = -2.132, <em>p</em> = 0.033*).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The activity in morning is highest of the day with significant correlation to evening activities. Moreover, actigraphy counts that indicating objective measure of physical activity in female is significantly related to physiological variables (nutritional status), while male are predicted by social variables (retired status).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a dexamethasone-induced zebrafish skeletal muscle atrophy model and exploration of its mechanisms","authors":"Chen-Chen Sun ,&nbsp;Ye-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Dan-Ting Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhang-Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Jiang-Ling Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiang-Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Lan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xi-Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Chang-Fa Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the main side effects of high-dose or continuous use of glucocorticoids (such as dexamethasone). However, there are limited studies on dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in zebrafish and even fewer explorations of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to construct a model of dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in zebrafish and to investigate the molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Zebrafish soaked in 0.01 % dexamethasone solution for 10 days. Loli Track (Denmark) and Loligo Swimming Respirometer were used to observe the effect of dexamethasone on swimming ability. The effects of dexamethasone on zebrafish skeletal muscle were observed by Transmission electron microscopy, H&amp;E, and wheat germ agglutinin techniques. Enriched genes and signaling pathways were analyzed using Transcriptome sequencing. Further, the levels of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum-related proteins were examined to investigate possible mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>0.01 % dexamethasone reduced zebrafish skeletal muscle mass (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), myofibre size and cross-sectional area (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and increased protein degradation (ubiquitination and autophagy) (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, 0.01 % dexamethasone reduced the swimming ability of zebrafish, as evidenced by the reluctance to move, fewer movement trajectories, decreased total distance traveled (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), average velocity of movement (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), oxygen consumption (p &lt; 0.001), critical swimming speed (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and increased exhaustive swimming time (p &lt; 0.001). Further, 0.01 % dexamethasone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, disturbs kinetic homeostasis, increased autophagy) and endoplasmic reticulum stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>0.01 % dexamethasone induces skeletal muscle atrophy and impairs the swimming ability of zebrafish through mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: Mechanisms, implications, and treatment considerations – A narrative review","authors":"Kai Huang ,&nbsp;Haili Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review examines the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), two common disorders in the elderly. OA involves joint cartilage degeneration and pain, while OP leads to fractures due to reduced bone mass. Despite different pathologies, both conditions share risk factors such as age and genetics. Studies reveal mixed results: some show higher bone mineral density (BMD) in OA patients, suggesting an inverse relationship, while others find no significant link. Proposed mechanisms include mechanical loading, bone remodeling, and inflammation. Clinical strategies focus on maintaining bone health in OA and monitoring joint health in OP, with treatments like bisphosphonates and exercise. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing integrated treatments to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is needed to clarify these complex mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 112614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults: A cross-sectional study from UK Biobank","authors":"Abdulrahman T. Alsowail ,&nbsp;Marion T. Guerrero Wyss ,&nbsp;Frederick K. Ho ,&nbsp;Carlos Celis-Morales ,&nbsp;Stuart R. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults. A secondary aim was to investigate whether these associations differed by physical activity status.</div></div><div><h3>Research methods &amp; procedures</h3><div>A cross-sectional study included 53,170 participants aged 60 years and over from the UK biobank (25,324 men and 27,846 women). The primary outcomes were grip strength index and muscle mass index, the predictor variable was n-3 fatty acid intake and the covariates were age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, physical activity, multimorbidity count, total energy intake, body fat percentage and the month of assessment. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed across 5 models. Model 1 was unadjusted; model 2 adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation index and month of assessment; model 3 adjusted as in model 2 plus total energy intake; model 4 as in model 2 plus multimorbidity count; and model 5 as in model 4 plus body fat percentage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In model 5, higher n-3 fatty acid intake was positively associated with the grip strength index in women. For each additional gram of n-3 fatty acid consumed per day, there was an increase of 0.03 kg/m² (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.06 kg/m²) in active women and 0.04 kg/m² (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.07 kg/m²) in inactive women. However, no significant associations were observed in men, whether active (<em>p</em> = 0.405) or inactive (<em>p</em> = 0.323). Additionally, no significant associations were found between n-3 fatty acid intake and muscle mass index in either active (<em>p</em> = 0.858) or inactive (<em>p</em> = 0.250) men, or in active (<em>p</em> = 0.909) or inactive (<em>p</em> = 0.187) women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with grip strength index in older women, regardless of their activity status, the magnitude of this association was very small and unlikely to be clinically relevant. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid was not associated with muscle mass index.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 112612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review","authors":"Xinyu Yang ,&nbsp;Shasha Li ,&nbsp;Lingfen Xu ,&nbsp;Haibing Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Song ,&nbsp;Jianyi Bao ,&nbsp;Shufang Liao ,&nbsp;Yingxue Xi ,&nbsp;Guojing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>Older adults aged ≥60 years diagnosed with frailty using the Frailty Assessment Tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched from inception to March 10, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the publications, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. This study included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Review Manager 5.4 was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials with 4857 older adults were included. Multicomponent exercise significantly improved frailty status (SMD = −1.40, 95 % CI:−2.05 to −0.75, P &lt; .05) and had a significant impact on physical function (muscle strength: SMD = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.01–0.61, P &lt; .05; gait speed: SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.02–0.52, P &lt; .001; balance: SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.05–0.49, P = .02; Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]: SMD = 1.03, 95 % CI: 0.65–1.42, P &lt; .001; and Timed Up and Go [TUG]: SMD = −3.05, 95 % CI: −3.90 to −2.19, P &lt; .001). Subgroup analysis suggested that a 12-week duration is optimal for multicomponent exercise interventions, demonstrating significantly greater effectiveness in hospital compared with out-of-hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multicomponent exercise intervention can improve frailty status in older adults and promote enhancement of physical functional abilities (muscle strength, gait speed, balance, SPPB, and TUG). Therefore, a possible protective effect of multicomponent exercise in frailty older adults is suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 112604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent interplay of phosphate and inflammation on muscle strength irrespective of muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults","authors":"Chih-Ping Chung ,&nbsp;Bo-An Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Ju Lee ,&nbsp;Chih-Kuang Liang ,&nbsp;Pei-Lin Lee ,&nbsp;Li-Ning Peng ,&nbsp;Liang-Kung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Elevated circulatory phosphate levels are linked to age-related muscle dysfunction, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the hypothesis that inflammation plays a role in connecting elevated phosphate levels to muscular dysfunction in middle-aged and older individuals and explored potential sex-based differences in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study, based on the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study Cohort, analyzed individuals' serum phosphate and hsCRP levels. Sex-specific analyses explored links between circulatory phosphate, inflammation, and muscle profiles (mass, handgrip strength, and walking speed). The study also examined potential mediation or synergistic effects of inflammation in the circulatory phosphate-muscle relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 2006 participants (mean age: 65.5 ± 6.5 years; 49.8 % men). Women exhibited higher circulatory phosphate levels than men. Linear analyses revealed that higher phosphate levels were significantly associated with weaker handgrip strength but not with reduced muscle mass in both men and women. In women, circulatory phosphate was not associated with inflammation (hsCRP levels), while in men, higher phosphate levels were significantly associated with higher hsCRP levels. In men, a synergistic effect was observed, where the combination of high hsCRP and elevated phosphate levels had a more pronounced impact on reducing handgrip strength than either factor alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights a sex-specific association of inflammation in the mechanisms of hyperphosphatemia-related muscle weakness. The findings emphasize the importance of managing both hyperphosphatemia and chronic inflammation to mitigate their collective impact on muscle function, particularly in older men. Addressing these factors is crucial for promoting muscle health in later life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 112613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sarcopenic obesity and osteoarthritis: The potential mediating role of insulin resistance","authors":"Zijian Li ,&nbsp;Shishu Yin ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao,&nbsp;Xianglong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and osteoarthritis (OA) are highly prevalent musculoskeletal conditions that significantly impair health-related quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study investigated the association between SO and OA, and explored the potential mediating role of insulin resistance in this relationship. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis employs NHANES data collected from 1999 to 2018, including participants aged 18 years and older. SO was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements. Insulin resistance was estimated using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. OA status was based on self-reported physician diagnosis. Statistical analyses included weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) interaction analysis, mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, and diabetes status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sarcopenic obese group demonstrated the highest prevalence of OA (23.4 %), hypertension (47.8 %), and diabetes (12.0 %). Additionally, they exhibited elevated levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid. Logistic regression revealed significant positive associations between sarcopenic obesity, the TyG index, and OA risk. RCS analysis identified significant non-linear relationships and interactions of the TyG index with age, sex, and diabetes status on OA risk. Mediation analysis indicated that the TyG index mediated approximately 4.9 % of the effect of sarcopenic obesity on OA risk. ROC curve analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for the TyG index (AUC = 0.65), which improved when incorporated into the multivariate model (AUC = 0.78). Subgroup analyses confirmed significant associations between the TyG index and sarcopenic obesity with OA risk across different age, sex, and diabetes status categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest a significant correlation between insulin resistance, as measured by the TyG index, and elevated OA risk in individuals with sarcopenic obesity. Targeting insulin resistance through future research may be a promising avenue to lower OA risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 112611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}