Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112632
Jun Zhao, Yayi Xia, Jinwen He
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on cartilage, inflammatory markers, subchondral bone structure, and stride length in mice with knee osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection, and to explore the role of miR-143-3p in these effects.
Methods
Thirty-six 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, exercise (swimming 30 min daily for one month), and exercise + miR-143-3p mimics (swimming exercise plus intra-articular injection of miR-143-3p mimics lentivirus once every two weeks for four weeks). Experimental groups underwent ACL transection to induce osteoarthritis. Interventions began two weeks post-modeling. Post-intervention, stride length analysis, histological analysis (including assessment of cartilage morphology and chondrocyte number), and micro-CT scanning (to assess subchondral bone structure) were performed. Inflammatory markers were measured in cartilage.
Results
Swimming exercise partially alleviated joint inflammation (as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-1β), protected cartilage (maintaining chondrocyte number and extracellular matrix homeostasis, as demonstrated by improved cartilage morphology), and enhanced subchondral bone structure. However, miR-143-3p supplementation partially inhibited these beneficial effects of swimming exercise. Both exercise groups showed gait impairment (reduced stride length) compared to controls, with no significant difference between the two exercise groups.
Conclusion
Swimming exercise can mitigate osteoarthritis progression by protecting cartilage, improving subchondral bone structure, and reducing inflammation. However, miR-143-3p partially counteracts these protective effects.
{"title":"The role of MiR-143-3p in swimming exercise protection against osteoarthritis in mice","authors":"Jun Zhao, Yayi Xia, Jinwen He","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on cartilage, inflammatory markers, subchondral bone structure, and stride length in mice with knee osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection, and to explore the role of miR-143-3p in these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, exercise (swimming 30 min daily for one month), and exercise + miR-143-3p mimics (swimming exercise plus intra-articular injection of miR-143-3p mimics lentivirus once every two weeks for four weeks). Experimental groups underwent ACL transection to induce osteoarthritis. Interventions began two weeks post-modeling. Post-intervention, stride length analysis, histological analysis (including assessment of cartilage morphology and chondrocyte number), and micro-CT scanning (to assess subchondral bone structure) were performed. Inflammatory markers were measured in cartilage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Swimming exercise partially alleviated joint inflammation (as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-1β), protected cartilage (maintaining chondrocyte number and extracellular matrix homeostasis, as demonstrated by improved cartilage morphology), and enhanced subchondral bone structure. However, miR-143-3p supplementation partially inhibited these beneficial effects of swimming exercise. Both exercise groups showed gait impairment (reduced stride length) compared to controls, with no significant difference between the two exercise groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Swimming exercise can mitigate osteoarthritis progression by protecting cartilage, improving subchondral bone structure, and reducing inflammation. However, miR-143-3p partially counteracts these protective effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112631
Genshan Zhang , Jie Fu , Haokun Zhang , Xiangshang Xu , Zhixin Cao
Background
Sarcopenia is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently updated measurement of cardiovascular health (CVH), with the presence of sarcopenia among US adults.
Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005–2006 and 2011–2018, and included adults aged 20 years or older. LE8 score was measured according to American Heart Association definitions. Sarcopenia was measured according to the National Institutes of Health definition, the ratio of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) to body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations between LE8 and sarcopenia.
Results
Among the 11,078 participants, 1021 (9.22 %) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher LE8, health behavior and health factors scores were associated with reduced odds ratios (OR) of sarcopenia (OR for per 10 scores increase in LE8, 0.65; 95 % CI 0.61–0.70; OR for per 10 scores increase in health behaviors score, 0.90; 95 % CI 0.84–0.97; OR for per 10 scores increase in health factors score, 0.67; 95 % CI 0.63–0.71). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between LE8 scores, health factors scores, and sarcopenia. The inversed association between LE8 score and sarcopenia was significantly stronger among males and participants with a high school education or above.
Conclusions
LE8 was negatively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in a nonlinear fashion. Promoting adherence to optimal CVH levels may benefit to reduce the risk of sarcopenia.
{"title":"The impact of Life's Essentials 8 on sarcopenia prevalence among adults in the United States","authors":"Genshan Zhang , Jie Fu , Haokun Zhang , Xiangshang Xu , Zhixin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently updated measurement of cardiovascular health (CVH), with the presence of sarcopenia among US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005–2006 and 2011–2018, and included adults aged 20 years or older. LE8 score was measured according to American Heart Association definitions. Sarcopenia was measured according to the National Institutes of Health definition, the ratio of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) to body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations between LE8 and sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 11,078 participants, 1021 (9.22 %) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher LE8, health behavior and health factors scores were associated with reduced odds ratios (OR) of sarcopenia (OR for per 10 scores increase in LE8, 0.65; 95 % CI 0.61–0.70; OR for per 10 scores increase in health behaviors score, 0.90; 95 % CI 0.84–0.97; OR for per 10 scores increase in health factors score, 0.67; 95 % CI 0.63–0.71). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between LE8 scores, health factors scores, and sarcopenia. The inversed association between LE8 score and sarcopenia was significantly stronger among males and participants with a high school education or above.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LE8 was negatively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in a nonlinear fashion. Promoting adherence to optimal CVH levels may benefit to reduce the risk of sarcopenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112629
Yiyi Zhuang , Mary Jane Botabara-Yap , Rowena Imelda A. Ramos , Jolly Sabino Balila
Cognitive impairment affects over one billion people globally, with elderly individuals in institutions in China being particularly impacted. This study involved 60 elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 30 in a control group receiving traditional programs from the elderly institution and 30 in an intervention group receiving socio-therapeutic methods. Cognitive function was assessed before the intervention, and at the end of the first, second, and third months (with unsupervised interventions in the third month). Initially, both groups had similar low MMSE scores. However, the socio-therapeutic intervention led to significant cognitive improvements in the intervention group after the first and second months, with results remaining higher than the control group by the end of the third month. The study highlights the effectiveness of socio-therapeutic interventions in enhancing cognitive function and suggests that such programs should be adopted in elderly care institutions. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and optimal program components, with personalized interventions and family/community involvement recommended to maximize benefits.
{"title":"Effects of socio-therapeutic interventions on cognitive functions among institutionalized elderly","authors":"Yiyi Zhuang , Mary Jane Botabara-Yap , Rowena Imelda A. Ramos , Jolly Sabino Balila","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive impairment affects over one billion people globally, with elderly individuals in institutions in China being particularly impacted. This study involved 60 elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 30 in a control group receiving traditional programs from the elderly institution and 30 in an intervention group receiving socio-therapeutic methods. Cognitive function was assessed before the intervention, and at the end of the first, second, and third months (with unsupervised interventions in the third month). Initially, both groups had similar low MMSE scores. However, the socio-therapeutic intervention led to significant cognitive improvements in the intervention group after the first and second months, with results remaining higher than the control group by the end of the third month. The study highlights the effectiveness of socio-therapeutic interventions in enhancing cognitive function and suggests that such programs should be adopted in elderly care institutions. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and optimal program components, with personalized interventions and family/community involvement recommended to maximize benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112624
Noreen Samad , Aqsa Hameed , Natasha Manzoor , Sadia Shoukat , Ali Irfan , Gamal A. Shazly , Arslan Khalid , Umer Ejaz , Saima Khaliq , Emilio Mateev , Yousef A. Bin Jardan
Aging is an invincible phenomenon that is a risk factor for the development of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory decline that are prominent in aging. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Niacin (Nn) on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced behavioral deficits and memory impairment in rats. In the experiment, forty-eight male albino Sprague dwaley rats were divided on a random basis into six groups (n = 8): Veh + Veh, Veh + Nn (low dose), Veh + Nn (high dose), Veh + D-Gal, D-Gal+Nn (low dose), D-Gal+Nn (high dose). 300 mg/kg/mL drug doses of D-Gal, while low doses (25 mg/kg/mL) and high doses (50 mg/kg/mL) of Nn were used in this study. Animals received their respective treatment for 14 days (intraperitoneally, once daily). After 14 days, animals were subjected to different behavioral tests including light-dark box activity, elevated plus maze test (for anxiety), and tail suspension test (for depression). A Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate short-term and long-term memory performance. After behavioral tests, decapitation was performed and brains were collected and stored for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. Behavioral analysis revealed that Nn alleviated the anxiety and depression-like symptoms and memory decline induced by D-Gal. D-Gal-induced decreased antioxidant enzymes, and acetylcholine levels, while increased oxidative stress markers, neuro-inflammatory cytokines, serotonin metabolism, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were prevented by Nn administration at both doses. In-silico studies showed that Nn has a potential to inhibit AChE activity with a binding affinity of −5.0 kcal/mol. In conclusion, Nn as an antioxidant and neuromodulator could be helpful for treating aging and associated psychiatric illnesses.
{"title":"Antioxidant and neuro-modulatory effects of niacin prevent D-galactose-induced behavioral deficits and memory impairment","authors":"Noreen Samad , Aqsa Hameed , Natasha Manzoor , Sadia Shoukat , Ali Irfan , Gamal A. Shazly , Arslan Khalid , Umer Ejaz , Saima Khaliq , Emilio Mateev , Yousef A. Bin Jardan","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is an invincible phenomenon that is a risk factor for the development of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory decline that are prominent in aging. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Niacin (Nn) on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced behavioral deficits and memory impairment in rats. In the experiment, forty-eight male albino Sprague dwaley rats were divided on a random basis into six groups (<em>n</em> = 8): Veh + Veh, Veh + Nn (low dose), Veh + Nn (high dose), Veh + D-Gal, D-Gal+Nn (low dose), D-Gal+Nn (high dose). 300 mg/kg/mL drug doses of D-Gal, while low doses (25 mg/kg/mL) and high doses (50 mg/kg/mL) of Nn were used in this study. Animals received their respective treatment for 14 days (intraperitoneally, once daily). After 14 days, animals were subjected to different behavioral tests including light-dark box activity, elevated plus maze test (for anxiety), and tail suspension test (for depression). A Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate short-term and long-term memory performance. After behavioral tests, decapitation was performed and brains were collected and stored for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. Behavioral analysis revealed that Nn alleviated the anxiety and depression-like symptoms and memory decline induced by D-Gal. D-Gal-induced decreased antioxidant enzymes, and acetylcholine levels, while increased oxidative stress markers, neuro-inflammatory cytokines, serotonin metabolism, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were prevented by Nn administration at both doses. <em>In-silico</em> studies showed that Nn has a potential to inhibit AChE activity with a binding affinity of −5.0 kcal/mol. In conclusion, Nn as an antioxidant and neuromodulator could be helpful for treating aging and associated psychiatric illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112625
Ching-Chi Hsu , Yun-Hsiang Wu , Kang-Shuo Lee , Po-Cheng Shih , Tzu-Yu Liu , James Cheng-Chung Wei , Wei-Min Chu , Toshiharu Nakai , Fan-Pei Gloria Yang
Introduction
Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) present both health and economic challenges on a global scale, thus affecting millions of people, and is projected to increase significantly by the year 2050. Early language processing deficits are evident in those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and MCI. Recent advances in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, including cognitive rehabilitation and training, show promising effects on cognitive functions. Articulation training, particularly, is highlighted for its potential in addressing the communication difficulties which those experiencing dementia and MCI face, based on the transmission deficit hypothesis. This study aimed to perform a voxel-wise comparison of morphological changes in grey matter volume as well as white matter integrity to represent the plastic changes in response to articulation training among older, healthy Japanese adults.
Methods
Forty older, healthy Japanese adults were randomized into either a cognitive training group or a control group. The study involved comprehensive behavioral assessments, neuroimaging (including 3D anatomy, fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging), and a structured verbal articulation training regimen. The training included reading tasks which focused on enhancing both articulation and phonological skills. Neuroimaging data were acquired using a 3 Tesla Siemens MR scanner, with the FSL tool being used for white matter analysis and the CAT12 toolbox for grey matter analysis.
Results
Significant increases in grey matter volume were observed in certain regions, including the left Supplementary motor area, Postcentral gyrus, and bilateral Superior frontal gyrus among those in the training group. Correlations were noted between reading abilities and cortical volume in areas such as the left Middle temporal gyrus, pulvinar, and Middle occipital gyrus. White matter integrity also improved, as evidenced by increased fractional anisotropy in tracts such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, and internal capsule. These findings suggest a link between articulation training and enhanced neuroplasticity in both grey and white matter regions related to language processing.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that a 4-week verbal articulation training intervention period can lead to significant improvements in grey matter volume in the left Supplementary motor area, the left Postcentral gyrus, and the bilateral Superior frontal gyrus, as well as the integrity of white matter tracts associated with language processing among older adults. These results suggest that such training could be a valuable tool in enhancing cognitive functions related to language in older populations.
{"title":"Verbal training can improve neurocognitive and reading performance by increasing white matter integrity and grey matter volume","authors":"Ching-Chi Hsu , Yun-Hsiang Wu , Kang-Shuo Lee , Po-Cheng Shih , Tzu-Yu Liu , James Cheng-Chung Wei , Wei-Min Chu , Toshiharu Nakai , Fan-Pei Gloria Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) present both health and economic challenges on a global scale, thus affecting millions of people, and is projected to increase significantly by the year 2050. Early language processing deficits are evident in those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and MCI. Recent advances in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, including cognitive rehabilitation and training, show promising effects on cognitive functions. Articulation training, particularly, is highlighted for its potential in addressing the communication difficulties which those experiencing dementia and MCI face, based on the transmission deficit hypothesis. This study aimed to perform a voxel-wise comparison of morphological changes in grey matter volume as well as white matter integrity to represent the plastic changes in response to articulation training among older, healthy Japanese adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty older, healthy Japanese adults were randomized into either a cognitive training group or a control group. The study involved comprehensive behavioral assessments, neuroimaging (including 3D anatomy, fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging), and a structured verbal articulation training regimen. The training included reading tasks which focused on enhancing both articulation and phonological skills. Neuroimaging data were acquired using a 3 Tesla Siemens MR scanner, with the FSL tool being used for white matter analysis and the CAT12 toolbox for grey matter analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant increases in grey matter volume were observed in certain regions, including the left Supplementary motor area, Postcentral gyrus, and bilateral Superior frontal gyrus among those in the training group. Correlations were noted between reading abilities and cortical volume in areas such as the left Middle temporal gyrus, pulvinar, and Middle occipital gyrus. White matter integrity also improved, as evidenced by increased fractional anisotropy in tracts such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, and internal capsule. These findings suggest a link between articulation training and enhanced neuroplasticity in both grey and white matter regions related to language processing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrates that a 4-week verbal articulation training intervention period can lead to significant improvements in grey matter volume in the left Supplementary motor area, the left Postcentral gyrus, and the bilateral Superior frontal gyrus, as well as the integrity of white matter tracts associated with language processing among older adults. These results suggest that such training could be a valuable tool in enhancing cognitive functions related to language in older populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112628
Emma Gabrielle Dupuy , Florent Besnier , Christine Gagnon , Thomas Vincent , Tudor Vrinceanu , Caroll-Ann Blanchette , Jeremy Gervais , Juliana Breton , Kathia Saillant , Josep Iglesies-Grau , Sylvie Belleville , Martin Juneau , Paolo Vitali , Anil Nigam , Mathieu Gayda , Louis Bherer
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Structured and supervised physical exercise and cognitive training are two efficient ways to enhance cognition in older adults. Performing both within a combined intervention could maximize their effect on cognition due to their potential synergy on brain functions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these interventions were particularly relevant due to the collateral impact of social restrictions regarding physical activity and the level of cognitive stimulation. However, the benefits of remotely monitored intervention combining physical exercise and cognitive training for older adult cognition remain to be demonstrated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>127 older adults (age: 65.20 ± 7.95) were randomized in two arms, encouraging self-engagement in six months of home-based physical exercise alone or combined with cognitive training, monitored by phone once a week. Neuropsychological assessment was performed under videoconference supervision at baseline and after three and six months. Composite <em>Z</em>-scores were calculated for processing speed, executive functioning, working, and episodic memory to assess changes after three and six months of training. The weekly metabolic expenditure of self-reported activities was estimated using the compendium of physical activity to distinguish participants performing higher and lower doses of exercise (median split).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>106 participants (83.46 %) completed the 6-month training. Results showed a greater <em>Z</em>-score change in executive functioning for participants in the combined arm than those who only exercised (F = 4.127, <em>p</em> = 0.046, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.050). Group x Exercise dose interaction was observed for episodic memory Z-score change (F = 6.736, <em>p</em> = 0.011, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.070), with a greater improvement for participants performing higher doses of exercise compared to those who performed a lower dose, only in exercise alone arm. Performing a higher dose of exercise increased the working memory <em>Z</em>-score change in both intervention arms compared to a lower dose (F = 7.391, <em>p</em> = 0.008, η <sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.076).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Remote combined training may lead to larger improvement in executive functioning than exercise alone. Physical exercise showed a dose-related improvement in working and episodic memory performances. The combination of cognitive interventions mitigated the effects of exercise on episodic memory. These results suggest that home-based exercise and cognitive training may help improve older adults' cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>COVEPIC was retrospectively registered on December 03, 2020. Clinical trials Identifier: <span><span>NCT04635462</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> - <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04635462?term=NCT04635462&draw=2&rank=1</span><svg><pat
背景：有组织、有监督的体育锻炼和认知训练是提高老年人认知能力的两种有效方法。由于这两种方法对大脑功能具有潜在的协同作用，因此在联合干预中进行这两种方法可以最大限度地提高对认知的影响。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，由于社会对体育活动和认知刺激水平的限制所产生的附带影响，这些干预措施尤为重要。方法：将 127 名老年人（年龄：65.20 ± 7.95）随机分为两组，鼓励他们自我参与为期 6 个月的单独或结合认知训练的家庭体育锻炼，每周通过电话监测一次。基线期、三个月和六个月后，在视频会议监督下进行神经心理学评估。计算处理速度、执行功能、工作记忆和片段记忆的综合 Z 值，以评估训练 3 个月和 6 个月后的变化。每周自我报告活动的新陈代谢消耗量是通过体育活动简编进行估算的，以区分进行高剂量和低剂量运动的参与者（中位数分割）：结果：106 名参与者（83.46%）完成了为期 6 个月的训练。结果显示，与只进行锻炼的参与者相比，联合组参与者的执行功能Z-score变化更大（F = 4.127，p = 0.046，ηp2 = 0.050）。在表观记忆 Z 评分变化方面，观察到了组别 x 运动剂量的交互作用（F = 6.736，p = 0.011，ηp2 = 0.070），与进行低剂量运动的参与者相比，进行高剂量运动的参与者的表观记忆 Z 评分变化更大。与低剂量运动相比，高剂量运动增加了两个干预组的工作记忆Z-分数变化（F = 7.391, p = 0.008, η p2 = 0.076）：结论：与单独锻炼相比，远程联合训练可能会对执行功能带来更大的改善。体育锻炼对工作记忆和外显记忆的改善与剂量有关。认知干预措施的结合减轻了运动对外显记忆的影响。这些结果表明，基于家庭的运动和认知训练可能有助于改善老年人的认知能力：COVEPIC于2020年12月3日进行了回顾性注册：NCT04635462 - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04635462?term=NCT04635462&draw=2&rank=1.
{"title":"Effects of home-based exercise alone or combined with cognitive training on cognition in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Emma Gabrielle Dupuy , Florent Besnier , Christine Gagnon , Thomas Vincent , Tudor Vrinceanu , Caroll-Ann Blanchette , Jeremy Gervais , Juliana Breton , Kathia Saillant , Josep Iglesies-Grau , Sylvie Belleville , Martin Juneau , Paolo Vitali , Anil Nigam , Mathieu Gayda , Louis Bherer","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Structured and supervised physical exercise and cognitive training are two efficient ways to enhance cognition in older adults. Performing both within a combined intervention could maximize their effect on cognition due to their potential synergy on brain functions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these interventions were particularly relevant due to the collateral impact of social restrictions regarding physical activity and the level of cognitive stimulation. However, the benefits of remotely monitored intervention combining physical exercise and cognitive training for older adult cognition remain to be demonstrated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>127 older adults (age: 65.20 ± 7.95) were randomized in two arms, encouraging self-engagement in six months of home-based physical exercise alone or combined with cognitive training, monitored by phone once a week. Neuropsychological assessment was performed under videoconference supervision at baseline and after three and six months. Composite <em>Z</em>-scores were calculated for processing speed, executive functioning, working, and episodic memory to assess changes after three and six months of training. The weekly metabolic expenditure of self-reported activities was estimated using the compendium of physical activity to distinguish participants performing higher and lower doses of exercise (median split).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>106 participants (83.46 %) completed the 6-month training. Results showed a greater <em>Z</em>-score change in executive functioning for participants in the combined arm than those who only exercised (F = 4.127, <em>p</em> = 0.046, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.050). Group x Exercise dose interaction was observed for episodic memory Z-score change (F = 6.736, <em>p</em> = 0.011, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.070), with a greater improvement for participants performing higher doses of exercise compared to those who performed a lower dose, only in exercise alone arm. Performing a higher dose of exercise increased the working memory <em>Z</em>-score change in both intervention arms compared to a lower dose (F = 7.391, <em>p</em> = 0.008, η <sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.076).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Remote combined training may lead to larger improvement in executive functioning than exercise alone. Physical exercise showed a dose-related improvement in working and episodic memory performances. The combination of cognitive interventions mitigated the effects of exercise on episodic memory. These results suggest that home-based exercise and cognitive training may help improve older adults' cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>COVEPIC was retrospectively registered on December 03, 2020. Clinical trials Identifier: <span><span>NCT04635462</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> - <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04635462?term=NCT04635462&draw=2&rank=1</span><svg><pat","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112617
Henrique Monteiro Lapo , Amanda Veiga Sardeli , Lilian Oliveira Mariano , Fiona Jayne Howroyd , Paulo Roberto Sokoll , Elizabeth Sapey , Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil
Introduction
Older adults are more likely to acquire the severe manifestation of COVID-19 and the hospitalised survivors experience significant functionality loss. Thus, we aimed to identify the level of functionality in older adults hospitalised due to COVID-19, and the effect of inpatient rehabilitation upon functional recovery.
Methods
A search was performed on July 2024, across five databases to retrieve studies assessing functionality in patients during COVID-19 hospitalisation, with or without rehabilitation.
Results
At admission, higher functionality was significantly higher for survivors than non survivors (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.83 [0.56; 1.09]). The effect of inpatient rehabilitation on functionality was tested among 38 arms across studies. Inpatient rehabilitation improved functionality SMD across all indexes (1.47 [1.18; 1.77], P ≤ 0.001), with greatest effect in the patients >70 years (2.84 [1.74, 3.93], P = 0.006), compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion
Hospitalisation due to COVID-19 reduced functionality to a higher extent in older adults above 70 years. Inpatient rehabilitation was effective to improve functionality in both age groups.
{"title":"Functionality loss due to COVID-19 hospitalisation in older adults recovers with inpatient rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Henrique Monteiro Lapo , Amanda Veiga Sardeli , Lilian Oliveira Mariano , Fiona Jayne Howroyd , Paulo Roberto Sokoll , Elizabeth Sapey , Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Older adults are more likely to acquire the severe manifestation of COVID-19 and the hospitalised survivors experience significant functionality loss. Thus, we aimed to identify the level of functionality in older adults hospitalised due to COVID-19, and the effect of inpatient rehabilitation upon functional recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search was performed on July 2024, across five databases to retrieve studies assessing functionality in patients during COVID-19 hospitalisation, with or without rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At admission, higher functionality was significantly higher for survivors than non survivors (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.83 [0.56; 1.09]). The effect of inpatient rehabilitation on functionality was tested among 38 arms across studies. Inpatient rehabilitation improved functionality SMD across all indexes (1.47 [1.18; 1.77], <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001), with greatest effect in the patients >70 years (2.84 [1.74, 3.93], <em>P</em> = 0.006), compared to their counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hospitalisation due to COVID-19 reduced functionality to a higher extent in older adults above 70 years. Inpatient rehabilitation was effective to improve functionality in both age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Protocol registration</h3><div>PROSPERO CRD42021278619.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112618
Yunlu Jiang , Li Su
{"title":"Predictive value of epicardial adipose tissue volume measured in diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HFPEF","authors":"Yunlu Jiang , Li Su","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112626
Chenglong Zhou , Jun Li , Xiaochu Wu , Fei Liu
Background/aim
Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at increased risk of cognitive impairment. The precise mechanisms underlying the association between DM and cognitive impairment remain unclear. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a crucial regulator of signal transduction, has been implicated in microglial pyroptosis in experimental ischemic stroke models. The present study investigated the potential role of SYK in DM-associated cognitive impairment.
Methods
Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 mice, and cognitive function and cerebral injury were assessed 12 weeks later using the Morris water maze (MWM), TUNEL assay and Western blotting. In vitro, the inhibition of SYK was investigated in a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line cultured with high glucose.
Results
Compared with control mice, DM mice presented impaired spatial learning and memory. Additionally, SYK activation was linked to neuronal pyroptosis, as evidenced by increases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, procaspase-1, caspase-1, GSDMD, the GSDMD N-terminal fragment, pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β in the hippocampus of DM mice. Compared with no treatment, SYK knockdown markedly attenuated cognitive impairment and histologic and ultrastructural pathological changes in the hippocampus of DM mice. The increased expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins and the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells were also significantly reduced. In vitro, high glucose significantly activated SYK to trigger the canonical pyroptotic pathway in cultured HT22 cells. The inhibition of SYK with a small interfering RNA or specific inhibitor significantly ameliorated the neuronal pyroptosis mediated by high glucose.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that SYK activation plays a pivotal role in promoting the cognitive impairment associated with DM. This effect is mediated by triggering neuronal pyroptosis through the canonical NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. These results suggest that SYK may serve as a potential target for preventing or mitigating cognitive impairment in patients with DM.
{"title":"Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) contributes to neuronal pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway","authors":"Chenglong Zhou , Jun Li , Xiaochu Wu , Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/aim</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at increased risk of cognitive impairment. The precise mechanisms underlying the association between DM and cognitive impairment remain unclear. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a crucial regulator of signal transduction, has been implicated in microglial pyroptosis in experimental ischemic stroke models. The present study investigated the potential role of SYK in DM-associated cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 mice, and cognitive function and cerebral injury were assessed 12 weeks later using the Morris water maze (MWM), TUNEL assay and Western blotting. In vitro, the inhibition of SYK was investigated in a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line cultured with high glucose.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with control mice, DM mice presented impaired spatial learning and memory. Additionally, SYK activation was linked to neuronal pyroptosis, as evidenced by increases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, procaspase-1, caspase-1, GSDMD, the GSDMD N-terminal fragment, pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β in the hippocampus of DM mice. Compared with no treatment, SYK knockdown markedly attenuated cognitive impairment and histologic and ultrastructural pathological changes in the hippocampus of DM mice. The increased expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins and the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells were also significantly reduced. In vitro, high glucose significantly activated SYK to trigger the canonical pyroptotic pathway in cultured HT22 cells. The inhibition of SYK with a small interfering RNA or specific inhibitor significantly ameliorated the neuronal pyroptosis mediated by high glucose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that SYK activation plays a pivotal role in promoting the cognitive impairment associated with DM. This effect is mediated by triggering neuronal pyroptosis through the canonical NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. These results suggest that SYK may serve as a potential target for preventing or mitigating cognitive impairment in patients with DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 112626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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