E. Temgoua, Joelle Djoukouo, J. D. Likeng, P. Tematio
Andisols and andic ferralsols occur in Mount Bambouto (2740 m asl), developed in upper and mid mountain respectively. They are very much in demand for agricultural activities. The objective of this paper is to investigate the structural stability of these soils, in order to access the sensitivity of their surface to degradation. Soils develop under fallow were selected on the three rock types (basalt, trachyte and rhyolitic deposits) for aggregates stability analysed by wet-sieve method. The results show that the soils aggregates in the study sites vary from stable (Mean Weight Diameter, MWD, between 1.3 and 2 mm) to very stable (MWD > 2mm). Aggregate sizes are correlated with soils and rock types, and soil structural stability is highly tied with rock types. Andisols are characterized by high proportion of macroaggregates (~50wt-% for particle-size 5-2 mm, at 30-50 cm depth). Soils developed on basalt are enriched in finest aggregates; soils developed on trachyte have aggregates of different sizes uniformly distributed. Soil upper rhyolitic deposits presents the coarse clay texture and hence low aggregates stability due to the quartz mineral. The soil aggregates from the rhyolitic deposits could be highest vulnerable during heavy rain storms. In the other hand, transformation of Andisols to Andic ferralsols toward the downslope is known and this transformation occurred with SOC mineralization and more clay-fraction formation; at the same time andic ferralsols became richer in microaggregates, and less stable.Key words: soil aggregate, structural stability, volcanic soil, Andisol, Andic ferralsol
{"title":"Structural stability of Andisols and Andic Ferralsols from Mount Bambouto, West Cameroon highlands","authors":"E. Temgoua, Joelle Djoukouo, J. D. Likeng, P. Tematio","doi":"10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Andisols and andic ferralsols occur in Mount Bambouto (2740 m asl), developed in upper and mid mountain respectively. They are very much in demand for agricultural activities. The objective of this paper is to investigate the structural stability of these soils, in order to access the sensitivity of their surface to degradation. Soils develop under fallow were selected on the three rock types (basalt, trachyte and rhyolitic deposits) for aggregates stability analysed by wet-sieve method. The results show that the soils aggregates in the study sites vary from stable (Mean Weight Diameter, MWD, between 1.3 and 2 mm) to very stable (MWD > 2mm). Aggregate sizes are correlated with soils and rock types, and soil structural stability is highly tied with rock types. Andisols are characterized by high proportion of macroaggregates (~50wt-% for particle-size 5-2 mm, at 30-50 cm depth). Soils developed on basalt are enriched in finest aggregates; soils developed on trachyte have aggregates of different sizes uniformly distributed. Soil upper rhyolitic deposits presents the coarse clay texture and hence low aggregates stability due to the quartz mineral. The soil aggregates from the rhyolitic deposits could be highest vulnerable during heavy rain storms. In the other hand, transformation of Andisols to Andic ferralsols toward the downslope is known and this transformation occurred with SOC mineralization and more clay-fraction formation; at the same time andic ferralsols became richer in microaggregates, and less stable.Key words: soil aggregate, structural stability, volcanic soil, Andisol, Andic ferralsol","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90079137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’effet de l’ecimage pre recolte, (a 1 et 2 semaines respectivement avant recolte) etait teste sur le comportement en entreposage post recolte de 2 varietes de macabo ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. ), le blanc et le rouge, a travers un arrangement factoriel independant. Apres 3 mois d’observations, l’ecimage effectue a 2 semaines de la recolte a de maniere significative (p 0,05) sur la perte de poids, le bourgeonnement et la pourriture du macabo. L’ecimage a par ailleurs cause une reduction progressive de la teneur en amidon des tubercules du macabo blanc, s’accentuant avec la duree d’entreposage. Les tubercules provenant des plantes ecimees 2 semaines avant la recolte ont fait l’objet d’une accumulation plus elevee de sucres totaux en comparaison les niveaux enregistres dans les produits preleves des plantes ecimees 1 semaine plus tard et dans les tubercules des plantes non ecimees. L’ecimage a egalement, independamment la variete, contribue a une amelioration significative (p 0,05) on weight loss, sprouting, and rotting of cocoyam. Moreover, pruning has induced an increasing reduction in starch content of white cocoyam, with storage duration. During shelflife period, a higher total sugars accumulation was recorded on corms from plants pruned 2 weeks before harvest in comparison with that on corms harvested 1 week after pruning and from unpruned plants. A significant improvement (p<0,05) has been obtained on organoleptic quality of corms as a result of pruning, independently of the variety of cocoyam, with higher and comparable preference records of 56,44 % and 59,83 % attributed to tubers from plants pruned 2 and 1 week respectively before harvest. Likewise, a record of 48,25 % was given to tubers from control plants. Keywords : Xanthosoma, variety, pruning, storage, quality
{"title":"Effets de l’ecimage sur la performance a l’entreposage des tubercules de macabo (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.)","authors":"René M. Bikomo, A. Akoa","doi":"10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"L’effet de l’ecimage pre recolte, (a 1 et 2 semaines respectivement avant recolte) etait teste sur le comportement en entreposage post recolte de 2 varietes de macabo ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. ), le blanc et le rouge, a travers un arrangement factoriel independant. Apres 3 mois d’observations, l’ecimage effectue a 2 semaines de la recolte a de maniere significative (p 0,05) sur la perte de poids, le bourgeonnement et la pourriture du macabo. L’ecimage a par ailleurs cause une reduction progressive de la teneur en amidon des tubercules du macabo blanc, s’accentuant avec la duree d’entreposage. Les tubercules provenant des plantes ecimees 2 semaines avant la recolte ont fait l’objet d’une accumulation plus elevee de sucres totaux en comparaison les niveaux enregistres dans les produits preleves des plantes ecimees 1 semaine plus tard et dans les tubercules des plantes non ecimees. L’ecimage a egalement, independamment la variete, contribue a une amelioration significative (p 0,05) on weight loss, sprouting, and rotting of cocoyam. Moreover, pruning has induced an increasing reduction in starch content of white cocoyam, with storage duration. During shelflife period, a higher total sugars accumulation was recorded on corms from plants pruned 2 weeks before harvest in comparison with that on corms harvested 1 week after pruning and from unpruned plants. A significant improvement (p<0,05) has been obtained on organoleptic quality of corms as a result of pruning, independently of the variety of cocoyam, with higher and comparable preference records of 56,44 % and 59,83 % attributed to tubers from plants pruned 2 and 1 week respectively before harvest. Likewise, a record of 48,25 % was given to tubers from control plants. Keywords : Xanthosoma, variety, pruning, storage, quality","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85630441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. A. Etoa, T. Dongmo, Crescence Moma, F. Meffeja
L’inadequation entre l’offre et la demande en viande porcine au Cameroun cree l’urgence de developpement des elevages porcins surtout ceux periurbains. Or, les systemes de production porcine des zones periurbaines de Yaounde restent peu connus, les techniques et les couts de production non maitrisees et eleves. A cet effet, une etude diagnostique a ete menee en 2008 pour analyser les caracteristiques sociologiques et techniques des elevages porcins, identifier les contraintes et y apporter des ameliorations. Des interviews structurees individuelles ont ete effectuees aupres de 40 eleveurs dans 4 localites de la peripherie de Yaounde. Par la suite, un eleveur a ete choisi au hasard pour mener un essai d’alimentation pendant 64 jours. A cet effet, 12 porcelets âges de 2 mois, ayant un poids compris entre 9 et 11kg ont ete repartis en 3 lots (traitements) de 4 porcelets chacun. Les 3 lots ont recu respectivement un aliment a base de graines de soja grillees, un aliment a base du tourteau de coton et un aliment a base du tourteau de palmiste. L’analyse des donnees montre que l’elevage du porc est une activite a but lucratif conduite en majorite par les hommes (75,8%) âges en moyenne de 45 ans. 84,0% des bâtiments d’elevage sont en materiaux provisoire. Les porcs sont de races ameliorees avec 81,2% ayant 2 mises bas/truie/an pour une portee moyenne de 8,5 ± 3,2 porcelets/mise bas. L’alimentation est de type mixte a 70,0% et represente une contrainte majeure. Les porcs nourris a la graine de soja grillee ont un gain de poids de 369,1g/j avec un indice de consommation de 2,8 contre 322g/j pour ceux nourris au tourteau de coton avec un indice de 3,05 et 179,7g/j pour ceux au tourteau de palmiste avec un indice de consommation de 4,65.Mots cles : Elevage ; Porcs ; Diagnostic ; Alimentation ; Periurbain. Diagnosis of breeding systems and pig feeding trial in periurban zones of Yaounde. The mismatch between supply and demand for pork in Cameroon creates urgency of development of pig farms especially peri-urban ones. However, the pig production systems in peri-urban areas of Yaounde remain little known, techniques and costs of production uncontrolled and high. For this purpose, a diagnostic study was conducted in 2008 to analyze the sociological and technical characteristics of pig farms, identify constraints and make improvements. Structured individual interviews were conducted with 40 farmers in 4 localities in the outskirts of Yaounde.Following the investigation, a trial was conducted from a breeder for 64 days: 12 piglets aged 2 months, weighing between 9 and 11kg were divided into 3 groups containing 4 piglets each. The 3 groups corresponding to 3 treatments each received a diet based on roasted soybeans, a diet based on cottonseed cake and a diet containing the palm kernel cake. The data analysis shows that pig farming is a lucrative activity conducted mostly by men (75.8%), with an average age of 45 years. 84.0% of the livestock buildings are provisio
{"title":"Diagnostic des systèmes d’élevage et essai d’alimentation de porcs en zone périurbaine de Yaoundé","authors":"J. M. A. Etoa, T. Dongmo, Crescence Moma, F. Meffeja","doi":"10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"L’inadequation entre l’offre et la demande en viande porcine au Cameroun cree l’urgence de developpement des elevages porcins surtout ceux periurbains. Or, les systemes de production porcine des zones periurbaines de Yaounde restent peu connus, les techniques et les couts de production non maitrisees et eleves. A cet effet, une etude diagnostique a ete menee en 2008 pour analyser les caracteristiques sociologiques et techniques des elevages porcins, identifier les contraintes et y apporter des ameliorations. Des interviews structurees individuelles ont ete effectuees aupres de 40 eleveurs dans 4 localites de la peripherie de Yaounde. Par la suite, un eleveur a ete choisi au hasard pour mener un essai d’alimentation pendant 64 jours. A cet effet, 12 porcelets âges de 2 mois, ayant un poids compris entre 9 et 11kg ont ete repartis en 3 lots (traitements) de 4 porcelets chacun. Les 3 lots ont recu respectivement un aliment a base de graines de soja grillees, un aliment a base du tourteau de coton et un aliment a base du tourteau de palmiste. L’analyse des donnees montre que l’elevage du porc est une activite a but lucratif conduite en majorite par les hommes (75,8%) âges en moyenne de 45 ans. 84,0% des bâtiments d’elevage sont en materiaux provisoire. Les porcs sont de races ameliorees avec 81,2% ayant 2 mises bas/truie/an pour une portee moyenne de 8,5 ± 3,2 porcelets/mise bas. L’alimentation est de type mixte a 70,0% et represente une contrainte majeure. Les porcs nourris a la graine de soja grillee ont un gain de poids de 369,1g/j avec un indice de consommation de 2,8 contre 322g/j pour ceux nourris au tourteau de coton avec un indice de 3,05 et 179,7g/j pour ceux au tourteau de palmiste avec un indice de consommation de 4,65.Mots cles : Elevage ; Porcs ; Diagnostic ; Alimentation ; Periurbain. Diagnosis of breeding systems and pig feeding trial in periurban zones of Yaounde. The mismatch between supply and demand for pork in Cameroon creates urgency of development of pig farms especially peri-urban ones. However, the pig production systems in peri-urban areas of Yaounde remain little known, techniques and costs of production uncontrolled and high. For this purpose, a diagnostic study was conducted in 2008 to analyze the sociological and technical characteristics of pig farms, identify constraints and make improvements. Structured individual interviews were conducted with 40 farmers in 4 localities in the outskirts of Yaounde.Following the investigation, a trial was conducted from a breeder for 64 days: 12 piglets aged 2 months, weighing between 9 and 11kg were divided into 3 groups containing 4 piglets each. The 3 groups corresponding to 3 treatments each received a diet based on roasted soybeans, a diet based on cottonseed cake and a diet containing the palm kernel cake. The data analysis shows that pig farming is a lucrative activity conducted mostly by men (75.8%), with an average age of 45 years. 84.0% of the livestock buildings are provisio","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88361753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the doses of 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated for its acclaimed antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two albino rats weighing 170-190 g were assigned into six groups (A-F) of seven animals each. Rats in group A (non-diabetic) received 1.0 ml of distilled water orally, thrice daily for 8 days while those in groups B, C, D, E and F were made diabetic (150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan) and treated like non-diabetic except they received in addition, 1.0 ml each of distilled water (to maintain a similar treatment across all the groups), glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight), 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Several biomolecules that relates to diabetes were assessed using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenolics. The fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats at the end of the experimental period reduced significantly (P 0.05) with the glibenclamide and distilled water treated animals. The urine sugar (>2%) in the diabetic rats disappeared in the other treatment groups except traces (0.25%) of sugar in the 2.5 mg/kg body weight extract treated animals. The significantly elevated serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin and total cholesterol in the diabetic animals were attenuated by the extract. Furthermore, the significantly reduced absolute weight of the pancreas, packed cell volume and haemoglobin in the distilled water treated diabetic rats were attenuated by the extract. Overall, the extract possesses antidiabetic activity with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight being the most effective doses. The aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata could also be explored in the control of some of the metabolic dysfunctions usually associated with diabetes.Keywords: Alloxan, Anti-diabetic, Diabetes, Ficus exasperata, Moraceae
{"title":"Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats","authors":"T. Yakubu, A. K. Salau, O. Oloyede, M. A. Akanji","doi":"10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJEB.V10I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the doses of 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated for its acclaimed antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two albino rats weighing 170-190 g were assigned into six groups (A-F) of seven animals each. Rats in group A (non-diabetic) received 1.0 ml of distilled water orally, thrice daily for 8 days while those in groups B, C, D, E and F were made diabetic (150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan) and treated like non-diabetic except they received in addition, 1.0 ml each of distilled water (to maintain a similar treatment across all the groups), glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight), 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Several biomolecules that relates to diabetes were assessed using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenolics. The fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats at the end of the experimental period reduced significantly (P 0.05) with the glibenclamide and distilled water treated animals. The urine sugar (>2%) in the diabetic rats disappeared in the other treatment groups except traces (0.25%) of sugar in the 2.5 mg/kg body weight extract treated animals. The significantly elevated serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin and total cholesterol in the diabetic animals were attenuated by the extract. Furthermore, the significantly reduced absolute weight of the pancreas, packed cell volume and haemoglobin in the distilled water treated diabetic rats were attenuated by the extract. Overall, the extract possesses antidiabetic activity with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight being the most effective doses. The aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata could also be explored in the control of some of the metabolic dysfunctions usually associated with diabetes.Keywords: Alloxan, Anti-diabetic, Diabetes, Ficus exasperata, Moraceae","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Political System","authors":"M. Delancey","doi":"10.4324/9780429052163-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052163-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90811322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Society and Culture","authors":"M. Delancey","doi":"10.4324/9780429052163-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052163-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83186325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cameroon Looks to the Future","authors":"M. Delancey","doi":"10.4324/9780429052163-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052163-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9401,"journal":{"name":"Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81114526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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