Pub Date : 2016-03-29DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000211
J. Morré, Matthew C. Pharris, R. Pendleton, D. Morré, S. Gudkov, S. Zakharov
Luminescence data from water, enhanced by laser illumination, collected at 1 sec intervals exhibited patterns of synchronized sinusoidal oscillations of light emission in the blue-green region with a period length of 18.6 min when evaluated by Fast Fourier analysis. The oscillatory patterns recapitulate those attributed previously to alternation of ortho-para nuclear spin pairs of water hydrogens. The resultant light emissions are consistent with the hypothesis that water luminescence is the result of the discharge of energy during the transition between the highest and the lowest energy states attained during the periodic ortho-para nuclear spin pair interconversions. The period length of 18.8 min agrees with the previously found oscillatory period of about 18 min based on FTIR spectroscopic measurements of ortho to para nuclear spin pair alternations also given by changes in redox potential sufficient to drive NADH oxidation.
{"title":"Oscillations in Water Luminescence Recapitulate Periodic Changes Attributed to Ortho-Para Spin Pairs of Water Hydrogens","authors":"J. Morré, Matthew C. Pharris, R. Pendleton, D. Morré, S. Gudkov, S. Zakharov","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"Luminescence data from water, enhanced by laser illumination, collected at 1 sec intervals exhibited patterns of synchronized sinusoidal oscillations of light emission in the blue-green region with a period length of 18.6 min when evaluated by Fast Fourier analysis. The oscillatory patterns recapitulate those attributed previously to alternation of ortho-para nuclear spin pairs of water hydrogens. The resultant light emissions are consistent with the hypothesis that water luminescence is the result of the discharge of energy during the transition between the highest and the lowest energy states attained during the periodic ortho-para nuclear spin pair interconversions. The period length of 18.8 min agrees with the previously found oscillatory period of about 18 min based on FTIR spectroscopic measurements of ortho to para nuclear spin pair alternations also given by changes in redox potential sufficient to drive NADH oxidation.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81696627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-14DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.C1.017
G. L. Gutsev
E and geometrical structure of neutral and charged iron clusters Fen, Fen, and Fen (n = 2-20) will be discussed. Computational results will be compared to experimental data, in particular, to the recent data obtained from the magnetic moment measurements of Fen +. We consider iron cluster oxides, single Fe atom oxides FeOn for n up to 18, and FeXn superhalogens. We present the results of computational simulations of gas-phase interactions between small iron clusters and OH, N2, CO, NO, O2, and H2O. Competition between surface chemisorption and cage formation in Fe12O12 clusters will be discussed. The magnetic quenching found for Fe12O12 will be qualitatively explained using the natural bond orbital analysis for Fe2O2. Special attention will be paid to the structural patterns of carbon chemisorbed on the surface of a ground-state Fe13 cluster.
{"title":"The weighted mean and its improved dispersion","authors":"G. L. Gutsev","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.C1.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.C1.017","url":null,"abstract":"E and geometrical structure of neutral and charged iron clusters Fen, Fen, and Fen (n = 2-20) will be discussed. Computational results will be compared to experimental data, in particular, to the recent data obtained from the magnetic moment measurements of Fen +. We consider iron cluster oxides, single Fe atom oxides FeOn for n up to 18, and FeXn superhalogens. We present the results of computational simulations of gas-phase interactions between small iron clusters and OH, N2, CO, NO, O2, and H2O. Competition between surface chemisorption and cage formation in Fe12O12 clusters will be discussed. The magnetic quenching found for Fe12O12 will be qualitatively explained using the natural bond orbital analysis for Fe2O2. Special attention will be paid to the structural patterns of carbon chemisorbed on the surface of a ground-state Fe13 cluster.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73705050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-10DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000209
C. Cametti
The influence of localized charge distributions at the interfaces of spherical colloidal particles in aqueous suspension is discussed in the light of the effective medium approximation theory of heterogeneous systems. The approach is shown to give analytical results in the case of shelled particles with the presence of two distinct interfaces. The whole dielectric response of the system gives rise to different relaxation contributions, falling in different frequency regions and attributed to different polarization mechanisms, at a molecular level. In particular, the number and the strength of the dielectric relaxations associated with the presence of localized charges is discussed.
{"title":"Influence of Localized Surface Charge Distributions on the Dielectric Relaxation Spectra of Spherical Colloidal Particles in Aqueous Solution","authors":"C. Cametti","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of localized charge distributions at the interfaces of spherical colloidal particles in aqueous suspension is discussed in the light of the effective medium approximation theory of heterogeneous systems. The approach is shown to give analytical results in the case of shelled particles with the presence of two distinct interfaces. The whole dielectric response of the system gives rise to different relaxation contributions, falling in different frequency regions and attributed to different polarization mechanisms, at a molecular level. In particular, the number and the strength of the dielectric relaxations associated with the presence of localized charges is discussed.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87359655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-07DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000208
An, Parkash
The present work deals with the fabrication of a laboratory scale double chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity from cow dung. The experiment was performed to generate electricity from locally available cow dung as substrate using the fabricated MFC. The device was operated at anaerobic condition at varying time duration of 6 days, PVC pipe was used to make a salt bridge using agarose. The experimental readings were recorded at an interval of 1 hour. The performance was evaluated by characterizing the generated voltage, current, power and power surface density. It was observed that despite of high impedance of the substrate, all the general parameters have shown maximum values at day 5 and then a decline in trend was observed on 6 days onwards. The corresponding maximum values of the generated parameters are 0.825 V, 0.0113 μA, 0.009223 μW and 0.000000947 mW/m2. The obtained graphs of voltage, current, power and power density were also found to have similar pattern. Thus, this study has demonstrated such that the fabricated MFC can be used for electrical energy generation from cow dung and other biowaste.
{"title":"Characterization of Generated Voltage, Current, Power and Power Density from Cow Dung Using Double Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"An, Parkash","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with the fabrication of a laboratory scale double chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity from cow dung. The experiment was performed to generate electricity from locally available cow dung as substrate using the fabricated MFC. The device was operated at anaerobic condition at varying time duration of 6 days, PVC pipe was used to make a salt bridge using agarose. The experimental readings were recorded at an interval of 1 hour. The performance was evaluated by characterizing the generated voltage, current, power and power surface density. It was observed that despite of high impedance of the substrate, all the general parameters have shown maximum values at day 5 and then a decline in trend was observed on 6 days onwards. The corresponding maximum values of the generated parameters are 0.825 V, 0.0113 μA, 0.009223 μW and 0.000000947 mW/m2. The obtained graphs of voltage, current, power and power density were also found to have similar pattern. Thus, this study has demonstrated such that the fabricated MFC can be used for electrical energy generation from cow dung and other biowaste.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82178764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-07DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000207
Rol, Riek, Alex, E. Sobol'
In thermodynamics entropy Std is an extensive state function. Its derivation by statistical mechanics following Boltzmann and Gibbs with the famous formula S=kBlnW for a micro-canonical ensemble with N particles, kB the Boltzmann constant, and W the number of accessible micro-states is however in general not extensive unless the Stirling approximation given by lnN! – NlnN + N is used. Furthermore, at the thermodynamic limit with the number of particles N→∞ at constant density the Stirling approximation can not be used to show extensivity because limN→∞ (lnN! – NlnN + N)=∞. Hence, the Boltzmann entropy S as shown here for the ideal gas is neither for a small system with N particles nor at the thermodynamic limit extensive. Thus, if strict extensivity for the entropy is requested the claim of statistical mechanics that the Boltzmann entropy is a microscopic description of its thermodynamic analog is challenged.
{"title":"Comments on the Extensivity of the Boltzmann Entropy","authors":"Rol, Riek, Alex, E. Sobol'","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"In thermodynamics entropy Std is an extensive state function. Its derivation by statistical mechanics following Boltzmann and Gibbs with the famous formula S=kBlnW for a micro-canonical ensemble with N particles, kB the Boltzmann constant, and W the number of accessible micro-states is however in general not extensive unless the Stirling approximation given by lnN! – NlnN + N is used. Furthermore, at the thermodynamic limit with the number of particles N→∞ at constant density the Stirling approximation can not be used to show extensivity because limN→∞ (lnN! – NlnN + N)=∞. Hence, the Boltzmann entropy S as shown here for the ideal gas is neither for a small system with N particles nor at the thermodynamic limit extensive. Thus, if strict extensivity for the entropy is requested the claim of statistical mechanics that the Boltzmann entropy is a microscopic description of its thermodynamic analog is challenged.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77418625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-26DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000205
S. Rasulov, I. A. Isaev, S. Orakova
The pvTx properties of H2O-n-C5H12 and H2O-n-C6H14 mixture have been measured in the temperature interval 303-680 K and pressure up to 60 MPa. Measurements were made along 265 liquid and vapor isochors in the density range 63-713 kg/m3. Measurements were made for 15 concentrations between 0.110 and 0.987 mole fraction of H2O for mixtures with C5H12 and 11 concentrations between 0.166 and 0.977 for mixtures with C6H14. The temperatures and pressures at the three-phase and two-phase boundary curves for the mixtures were obtained using the isochoric (p-T) break point technique. The critical properties data of the upper and lower branches of the critical curves were extracted from the derived phase boundary data. The measured three-phase data were used to estimate the value of the upper critical end point.
{"title":"Thermal Properties and Phase Behavior of Water - n-pentane and Water -n-hexane Systems","authors":"S. Rasulov, I. A. Isaev, S. Orakova","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"The pvTx properties of H2O-n-C5H12 and H2O-n-C6H14 mixture have been measured in the temperature interval 303-680 K and pressure up to 60 MPa. Measurements were made along 265 liquid and vapor isochors in the density range 63-713 kg/m3. Measurements were made for 15 concentrations between 0.110 and 0.987 mole fraction of H2O for mixtures with C5H12 and 11 concentrations between 0.166 and 0.977 for mixtures with C6H14. The temperatures and pressures at the three-phase and two-phase boundary curves for the mixtures were obtained using the isochoric (p-T) break point technique. The critical properties data of the upper and lower branches of the critical curves were extracted from the derived phase boundary data. The measured three-phase data were used to estimate the value of the upper critical end point.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86252299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000206
S. P. Singh, C. R. Deb, N. Lakhmi, an Kakati, B. K. Konwar
Fumarase enzyme is known to catalyse the stereo specific inter conversion of fumarate to L-malate which is a part of the Krebs cycle. Despite the biological significance and importance of this enzyme, the reaction mechanism of fumarase is not completely understood or known. In this context an experiment on molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for at least 10 nanoseconds molecular dynamics simulation run using Nano Scale Molecular Dynamics program implemented in Discovery Studio 4.0. The trajectory analysis of various energy parameters revealed the thermo dynamical stability of the enzyme. The present findings may aid in understanding the biological significance of this enzyme.
已知富马酸酶催化富马酸酯到l -苹果酸酯的立体特异性相互转化，这是克雷布斯循环的一部分。尽管这种酶具有生物学意义和重要性，但其反应机制尚不完全清楚。在此背景下，利用Discovery Studio 4.0中实现的纳米尺度分子动力学程序进行了至少10纳秒的分子动力学模拟实验。各种能量参数的轨迹分析揭示了酶的热力学稳定性。目前的发现可能有助于理解这种酶的生物学意义。
{"title":"MD Simulation Studies of Fumarase Reveal Thermo Dynamical Stability","authors":"S. P. Singh, C. R. Deb, N. Lakhmi, an Kakati, B. K. Konwar","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Fumarase enzyme is known to catalyse the stereo specific inter conversion of fumarate to L-malate which is a part of the Krebs cycle. Despite the biological significance and importance of this enzyme, the reaction mechanism of fumarase is not completely understood or known. In this context an experiment on molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for at least 10 nanoseconds molecular dynamics simulation run using Nano Scale Molecular Dynamics program implemented in Discovery Studio 4.0. The trajectory analysis of various energy parameters revealed the thermo dynamical stability of the enzyme. The present findings may aid in understanding the biological significance of this enzyme.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77018894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-09DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000202
J. D. Combs, C. U. Gonzalez, Chengshan Wang
Proteins/peptides, which are involved in various biochemical processes in biological systems, contain infrared (IR) active vibrations. Among all the IR absorption bands of proteins/peptides, the amide I band arises mainly from the stretching vibration of the carbonyls (C=O) in backbone amide bonds and is sensitive to the conformations (such as α– helix, β–sheet, unstructured conformation, and so on) in a protein/peptide. Therefore, the amide I band has been used to monitor the biophysical/biochemical behavior of proteins/peptides in biological samples (e.g., living cells or tissues). However, obtaining reproducible IR spectra of proteins/peptides in H2O solution was challenging by direct transmission measurement using a liquid cell with milli-meter level path length, due to the intensive IR absorption of H2O around 1620 cm-1 which overlaps the amide I band. Thus, lots of the IR spectra of proteins/peptides were accomplished in D2O, which has IR absorption around 1200 cm-1. Since D2O may not be a favorable solvent for biological samples, the position of the amide I band of various conformations was needed as a reference for biological samples. Consequently, various surface FTIR techniques (such as Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy or IRRAS, and Attenuated Total Reflection or ATR) have been developed to obtain the IR spectra of proteins/peptides in H2O environment and have been reviewed here.
{"title":"Surface FTIR Techniques to Analyze the Conformation of Proteins/ Peptides in H2O Environment","authors":"J. D. Combs, C. U. Gonzalez, Chengshan Wang","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins/peptides, which are involved in various biochemical processes in biological systems, contain infrared (IR) active vibrations. Among all the IR absorption bands of proteins/peptides, the amide I band arises mainly from the stretching vibration of the carbonyls (C=O) in backbone amide bonds and is sensitive to the conformations (such as α– helix, β–sheet, unstructured conformation, and so on) in a protein/peptide. Therefore, the amide I band has been used to monitor the biophysical/biochemical behavior of proteins/peptides in biological samples (e.g., living cells or tissues). However, obtaining reproducible IR spectra of proteins/peptides in H2O solution was challenging by direct transmission measurement using a liquid cell with milli-meter level path length, due to the intensive IR absorption of H2O around 1620 cm-1 which overlaps the amide I band. Thus, lots of the IR spectra of proteins/peptides were accomplished in D2O, which has IR absorption around 1200 cm-1. Since D2O may not be a favorable solvent for biological samples, the position of the amide I band of various conformations was needed as a reference for biological samples. Consequently, various surface FTIR techniques (such as Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy or IRRAS, and Attenuated Total Reflection or ATR) have been developed to obtain the IR spectra of proteins/peptides in H2O environment and have been reviewed here.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83666291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-30DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000200
L. Prieto-Lopez, Jiaxi Cui
When the majority of efforts to control adhesion from surfaces currently focus on a direct modification of the surface, either chemically or physically, perhaps a non-superficial approach where the action occurs underneath the surface can provide a competitive alternative. In this comment we highlight a methodology used to control adhesion from flexible surfaces. This is based on ‘semi-closed’ flexible microfluidics systems. Three basic functionalities are derived from this methodology. In one case the system is used to improve adhesion; in an extreme opposite case to prevent adhesion and in a somehow intermediate functionality it provides a switchable system in which the surface can be reversibly changed from adhesive to non-adhesive.
{"title":"emi-closed Microfluidics Systems in the Modification of Surface Adhesion","authors":"L. Prieto-Lopez, Jiaxi Cui","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"When the majority of efforts to control adhesion from surfaces currently focus on a direct modification of the surface, either chemically or physically, perhaps a non-superficial approach where the action occurs underneath the surface can provide a competitive alternative. In this comment we highlight a methodology used to control adhesion from flexible surfaces. This is based on ‘semi-closed’ flexible microfluidics systems. Three basic functionalities are derived from this methodology. In one case the system is used to improve adhesion; in an extreme opposite case to prevent adhesion and in a somehow intermediate functionality it provides a switchable system in which the surface can be reversibly changed from adhesive to non-adhesive.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80147981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-22DOI: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000E131
S. Tatulian
We live in a world of databases. We are flooded with information. Is it good or bad? It’s certainly a good thing that comes with challenges. It is like a cloud with a silver lining, and the latter is real bright and luminous. Any information about atoms, molecules, supramolecular assemblies is just a few clicks away, something the midand even late20th century researchers could not even dream of. For example, you can attain the sequence and properties, and in most cases the structure, of any protein in less than a minute. Moreover, physical and chemical details of atoms and molecules such as energy levels, transitions, thermodynamics, various kinds of electronic, vibrational, and magnetic resonance spectra, are easily available from multiple databases, such as the 69 Standard Reference Databases offered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. On the other hand, it’s not easy to keep pace with the fiercely mounting scientific and technology information. Reaxys reports properties of ~ 2.2 million inorganic and organometallic compounds, PubChem offers around 160 million chemical compounds, 60 million chemical structures, and 1 million biological assays [1]. Along with over 100 million DNA and protein sequences involving ~ 260,000 species that are available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information, over 115,000 macromolecular structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, the amount of information simply becomes incomprehensible. Oftentimes we feel like we can’t see the trees because of the forest.
{"title":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics in a Turbulent World of Ever-Increasing Scientific Output","authors":"S. Tatulian","doi":"10.4172/2161-0398.1000E131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000E131","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a world of databases. We are flooded with information. Is it good or bad? It’s certainly a good thing that comes with challenges. It is like a cloud with a silver lining, and the latter is real bright and luminous. Any information about atoms, molecules, supramolecular assemblies is just a few clicks away, something the midand even late20th century researchers could not even dream of. For example, you can attain the sequence and properties, and in most cases the structure, of any protein in less than a minute. Moreover, physical and chemical details of atoms and molecules such as energy levels, transitions, thermodynamics, various kinds of electronic, vibrational, and magnetic resonance spectra, are easily available from multiple databases, such as the 69 Standard Reference Databases offered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. On the other hand, it’s not easy to keep pace with the fiercely mounting scientific and technology information. Reaxys reports properties of ~ 2.2 million inorganic and organometallic compounds, PubChem offers around 160 million chemical compounds, 60 million chemical structures, and 1 million biological assays [1]. Along with over 100 million DNA and protein sequences involving ~ 260,000 species that are available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information, over 115,000 macromolecular structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, the amount of information simply becomes incomprehensible. Oftentimes we feel like we can’t see the trees because of the forest.","PeriodicalId":94103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physical chemistry & biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76773997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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