Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan最新文献

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Dangua Fang (, DGR) in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose levels were randomly divided into three groups, including a conventional diet control group (Group A), high-fat-high-sugar diet model group (Group B), and DGR group (Group C, high-fat-high-sugar diet containing 20.5 g DGR). After 10 weeks of intervention, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h blood glucose [PBG; using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)], hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were tested, and the livers of rats were removed to calculate the liver index. Then, hepatic portal TG were tested using the Gross permanent optimization-participatiory action planning enzymatic method and phosphoproteomics was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis followed by database search and bioinformatics analysis. Finally, cell experiments were used to verify the results of phosphoproteomics. Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4k4) and phosphorylated adducin 1 (ADD1) were detected using western blotting.

Results: DGR effectively reduced PBG, TG, and the liver index (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased HbA1c, TC, and hepatic portal TG (P < 0.01), showed significant hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, red oil O staining, and Masson staining of liver tissue. The total spectrum was 805 334, matched spectrum was 260 471, accounting for accounting 32.3%, peptides were 19 995, modified peptides were 14 671, identified proteins were 4601, quantifiable proteins were 4417, identified sites were 15 749, and quantified sites were 14659. Based on the threshold of expression fold change ( > 1.2), DGR up-regulated the modification of 228 phosphorylation sites involving 204 corresponding function proteins, and down-regulated the modification of 358 phosphorylation sites involving 358 corresponding function proteins, which included correcting 75 phosphorylation sites involving 64 corresponding function proteins relating to glycolipid metabolism. Therefore, DGR improved biological tissue processes, including information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism. The metabolic functions regulated by DGR mainly include energy production and conversion, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, lipid transport and metabolism, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. In vitro phosphorylation validation based on cell experiments showed that the change trends in the phosphorylation level of MAP4k4 and ADD1 were consistent with that of previous phosphoproteomics studies.

Conclusion: DGR extensively corrects the modification of phosphorylation sites to improve corresp

Objective: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on skeletal muscle pain in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted with sixty patients with Parkinson's disease with skeletal muscle pain were randomly divided into electroacupuncture group and sham acupuncture control group with 30 patients each. The electric acupuncture group was treated with electric acupuncture, while the control group was treated with Park needle pseudoacupuncture. Both groups were treated 5 times a week for a total of 4 weeks, and both groups completed 20 treatments. King's Parkinson's Pain Scale (KPPS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used before and after treatment to evaluate the pain degree of patients. Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) and modified Ashworth score (MAS) were used to evaluate the changes of muscle tone. Parkinson's comprehensive Score Scale (MDS-UPDRS, including UPDRSⅡ and UPDRS Ⅲ) was used to evaluate exercise ability. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score was used to evaluate the emotional changes of patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between pain degree and muscle tone, exercise ability and emotion.

Results: During the study, one case fell off in the control group, and 30 cases were eventually included in the analysis and treatment group and 29 cases in the control group. After treatment, Young's modulus of biceps and quadriceps and shear wave velocity of biceps were decreased in electroacupuncture group compared with before treatment, while KPPS score, VAS score, UPDRSⅡ, UPDRS Ⅲ and modified Ashworth score were decreased, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in control group (P > 0.05). After treatment, KPPS score, VAS score, UPDRSⅡ and UPDRS Ⅲ, MAS, HAMD score, Young's modulus of biceps and shear wave velocity in electroacupuncture group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that KPPS score was positively correlated with UPDRS Ⅲ (r = 0.414, P < 0.05). KPPS score was positively correlated with HAMD score (r = 0.576, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Electroacupuncture therapy can effectively improve skeletal muscle pain in patients with Parkinson's disease, reduce the muscle hardness of patients, improve patients' daily life ability, and improve patients' emotional disorders. The degree of skeletal muscle pain in PD patients is correlated with motor ability and emotional disorders, but there is no significant correlation between the degree of skeletal muscle pain and the muscle tone of PD patients.

Objective: To analyze the effect and molecular mechanism of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction (, GJDD) on alcoholic fatty live disease (AFLD) by using proteomic methods.

Methods: The male C57BL/6J mouse were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, GJDD group and resveratrol group. After the AFLD model was successfully prepared by intragastric administration of alcohol once on the basis of the Lieber-DeCarli classical method, the GJDD group and resveratrol group were intragastrically administered with GJDD (4900 mg/kg) and resveratrol (400 mg/kg) respectively, once a day for 9 d. The fat deposition of liver tissue was observed and evaluated by oil red O (ORO) staining. 4DLabel-free quantitative proteome method was used to determine and quantify the protein expression in liver tissue of each experimental group. The differentially expressed proteins were screened according to protein expression differential multiples, and then analyzed by Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. Finally, expression validation of the differentially co-expressed proteins from control group, model group and GJDD group were verified by targeted proteomics quantification techniques.

Results: In semiquantitative analyses of ORO, all kinds of steatosis (ToS, MaS, and MiS) were evaluated higher in AFLD mice compared to those in GJDD or resveratrol-treated mice. 4DLabel-free proteomics analysis results showed that a total of 4513 proteins were identified, of which 3763 proteins were quantified and 946 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Compared with the control group, 145 proteins were up-regulated and 148 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of model group. In addition, compared with the model group, 92 proteins were up-regulated and 135 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of the GJDD group. 15 differentially co-expressed proteins were found between every two groups (model group vs control group, GJDD group vs model group and GJDD group vs control group), which were involved in many biological processes. Among them, 11 differentially co-expressed key proteins (Aox3, H1-5, Fabp5, Ces3a, Nudt7, Serpinb1a, Fkbp11, Rpl22l1, Keg1, Acss2 and Slco1a1) were further identified by targeted proteomic quantitative technology and their expression patterns were consistent with the results of 4D label-free proteomic analysis.

Conclusions: Our study provided proteomics-based evidence that GJDD alleviated AFLD by modulating liver protein expression, likely through the modulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that moxibustion may inhibit rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial inflammation by regulating the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/glucocorticoids (GCs).

Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 each): blank Control (CON) group, RA Model (RA) group, Moxibustion (MOX) group, MIF inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) group, and Moxibustion + MIF inhibitor ISO-1 (MOX + ISO-1) group. Rats in the ISO-1 group and ISO-1 + MOX group were intraperitoneally injected with the inhibitor ISO-1. The rats in the RA group, ISO-1 group, MOX group, and ISO-1 + MOX group were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in the right hind footpad to establish an experimental RA rat model. In the MOX group and MOX + ISO-1 group, rats were treated with Moxa. The thickness of the footpads of the rats in each group was measured at three-time points before, after modeling and after moxibustion treatment. The contents of serum MIF, corticosterone (CORT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the contents of synovial MIF were detected by Western blot. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of synovial tissue under a section light microscope, and pathological scoring was performed according to the grading standard of the degree of synovial tissue disease.

Results: Moxibustion was found to reduce the level of MIF and alleviate inflammation in RA rats in this study. In addition, after inhibiting the expression of MIF, the level of CORT increased, and the level of TNF-α decreased. Treating RA rats with inhibited MIF by moxibustion, the level of CORT was almost unchanged, but the level of TNF-α further decreased. The correlation analysis data suggested that MIF was positively related to the expression of TNF-α and negatively correlated with the expression of CORT.

Conclusion: Reducing MIF to increase CORT and decrease TNF-α by moxibustion treatment in RA. MIF may be a factor for moxibustion to regulate the expression of CORT, but the expression of TNF-α is due to the incomplete regulation of the MIF. This study added to the body of evidence pointing to moxibustion's anti-inflammatory mechanism in the treatment of RA.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effects of polyphyllin I (PPI) combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on the growth of osteosarcoma cells through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The morphology of cancer cells was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope. The migration and invasion abilities were examined by xCELLigence real time cell analysis DP system and transwell assays. The expressions of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, C-Myc, Cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinases 1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Active-β-catenin, β-catenin, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and GSK-3β were determined by Western blotting assay.

Results: PPI sensitized TRAIL-induced decrease of viability, migration and invasion, as well as increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of MG-63 and U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells. The synergistic effect of PPI with TRAIL in inhibiting the growth of osteosarcoma cells was at least partially realized through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion: The combination of PPI and TRAIL is potentially a novel treatment strategy of osteosarcoma.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) combined with sodium hyaluronate (HA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and SinoMed were searched from inception to July 2020. The quality of the randomized controlled trials was evaluated independently by two reviewers according to the criteria in the Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews. The identified articles were then screened individually using EndnoteX9 for eligibility in this Meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among the articles was evaluated using I2.

Results: A total of 17 studies, comprising 2000 individuals, were included in this Meta-analysis. The results showed that a significant improvement was observed in knee pain and function based on the clinical efficacy of ESWT combined with HA. Statistical analysis of clinical efficacy showed that [relative risk (RR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12, 1.30), P < 0.01]. Statistical analysis of visual analog scale showed that [standardized mean difference (SMD) = －2.84, 95%CI (－4.01, －1.66), P < 0.01]. Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index statistical analysis showed that [SMD = －1.57, 95% CI (－2.52, －0.61), P < 0.01]. Lysholm score statistical analysis showed that [SMD = 1.71, 95% CI (0.98, 2.44), P < 0.01]. In addition, only minor side effects, such as redness and swelling of the skin, were observed.

Conclusions: Medium to low quality evidence showed that ESWT combined with HA offers an inexpensive, well-tolerated, safe, and effective method to improve pain and functionality in patients with KOA. However, tightly controlled, randomized, large multicenter trials are warranted to validate the current findings.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which Sini decoction (, SND) improves renal fibrosis (Rf) in rats based on transforming growth factor β1/Smad (TGF-β1/Smad) signaling pathway.

Methods: Network pharmacology was applied to obtain potentially involved signaling pathways in SND's improving effects on Rf. The targets of SND drug components and the targets of Rf were obtained by searching databases, such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCSMP) and GeenCard. The intersection targets of two searches were obtained and underwent signaling pathway analysis using a Venn diagram. Then experimental pharmacology was utilized to prove and investigate the effects of SND on target proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. The Rf rat model was established by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). The expression levels of transforming growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metal protease-2 (MMP-2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were determined by Masson staining of rat renal tissue, and immunohistochemical methods. The expression levels of Smad3, Smad2, and Smad7 in renal tissue were determined by Western blotting (WB). The mechanism of the improving effects of SND on Rf was investigated based on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Results: A total of 12 drug components of Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), 5 drug components of Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiber), and 9 drug components of Gancao (Radix Glycy et Rhizoma) were obtained from the database search, and 207 shared targets were found. A total of 1063 Rf targets were found in the database search. According to the Venn diagram, in total, 96 intersection targets were found in two database searches. The metabolic pathways involved included TGF-β signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase signaling (PI3K/Akt) pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Masson staining analysis showed that compared with the model group, the renal interstitial collagen deposition levels in the SSN and SND groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis, compared with the control group, the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the SSN and SND groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 in the kidney tissue were significantly decreased (P < 0.05

Objective: To observe the effects of Buzhong Yiqi granule on thyroid function and ovarian function in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT).

Methods: EAT model was replicate by using the method of mixing and injecting porcine thyroglobulin with Freund's adjuvant and high iodine. Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, EAT model (EAT) group, selenium yeast (PC) group, low dose Buzhong Yiqi (BZYQ-L) group, medium dose Buzhong Yiqi (BZYQ-M) group and high dose Buzhong Yiqi (BZYQ-H) group. After two months of drug intervention according to dosage, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in peripheral blood of rats. The pathological changes of rat thyroid tissues were observed under light microscope with HE staining; ELISA was used to determine estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), and the pathological changes of rat ovarian tissues were observed under light microscope with hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results: Compared with the NC group, BZYQ granule improved the thyroid and ovarian tissue morphology, and the levels of TPOAb, TGAb and TSH in the model group rats significantly increased (P < 0.05), the thyroid tissue was severely destroyed, the levels of E2, FSH, LH, T, AMH significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the ovary exhibited polycystic changes; Compared with the model group, TSH level in the BZYQ-L group rats decreased (P < 0.05), FSH, T, AMH levels decreased (P < 0.05), in the BZYQ-M group TPOAb, TSH levels decreased (P < 0.05), FSH, LH, T, AMH levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), BZYQ-H group TPOAb, TGAb, TSH levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), FSH, LH, T, AMH levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), with the greatest improvement and significantly better than selenium yeast group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: BZYQ granule could regulate the thyroid function of EAT rats, reduce thyroid antibody titers, then act on the ovarian function, regulate hormone disorders, and alleviate the pathological damage of rat's ovarian tissues. The effect of high dose Buzhong Yiqi granule is the best.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common manifestation of sepsis, ranging from mild confusion and delirium to severe cognitive impairment and deep coma. SAE is associated with higher mortality and long-term outcomes, particularly substantial declines in cognitive function. The mechanisms of SAE probably include neuroinflammation that is mediated by systemic inflammation and ischemic lesions in the brain, a disrupted blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and severe microglial activation. Increasing evidence suggests that complementary and alternative medicine, especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is favorable in alleviating cognitive decline after sepsis. Here, we summarized the studies of traditional herbal remedies, TCM formulas and acupuncture therapy in animal models of neurological dysfunctions after sepsis in recent decades and reviewed their potential mechanisms.

Herbal medicine is safe and effective in treating various diseases. Traditional herbal medicine plays a tremendous role in treatment of various diseases and accompanying complications, hence herbal medicine requires remarkable attention in further research for the development of numerous active formulations for treatment of health troubles. The plant needs special consideration for development and research of unidentified compound and characterization of novel active molecules that overcome multiple pathological abnormalities. The genus Manilkara contains 135 plants around the world. This overview discusses all the virtues of most important and commonly used plant Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (M. zapota), also known as Sapodilla. M. zapota has various traditional beneficial effects in treatment of various diseases and disorders dating back to prehistoric times and used in ancient traditional system of herbal medicine.