Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan最新文献

Objective: To investigate the effects of Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) as a free radical scavenger, and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase (α-amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Methods: In this study, HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant, anti-α-amylase, and anti-AChE efficiency via standard procedures.

Results: Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds; while Coumarins and quinones were absent. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannins content were found to be (78.52 ± 0.69) mg GAE/g, (2.01 ± 0.04) mg RUE/g, and (58.12 ± 0.23) mg TAE/g of plant extract respectively. 28.02% ± 0.02% alkaloid and 2.02% ± 0.05% saponins were present in the HH extract. The HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50 (50% inhibition) of (151.01 ± 0.13) (HH), (79.01 ± 0.04) (Ascorbic acid) for ferric reducing, (91.48 ± 0.13) (HH), (48.02 ± 0.11) (Ascorbic acid) against Ammonium molybdenum, (156.02 ± 0.31) (HH), (52.38 ± 0.21) (Ascorbic acid) against DPPH, 136.01 ± 0.21 (HH), 52.02± 0.31 (Ascorbic acid) against H₂O₂, and 154.12 ± 0.03 (HH), (40.05 ± 0.15) (Ascorbic acid) μg/mL against ABTS respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition of α-amylase (V_max remained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to 84.37%) while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and V_max decreased from 40.49 to 69.15% and 38.86 to 69.61% respectively. The K_i, (inhibition constant); K_I, (dissociation constant), K_m, (Michaelis-Menten constant), and IC50 were found to be 62, 364, 68.1, and 38.08 ± 0.22 for HH and 12, 101.05, 195, 34.01 ± 0.21 for Glucophage. Similarly, HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChE i-e Km remains constant while V_max decreases from 60.5% to 74.1%. The calculated K_i, K_I, K_m, and IC50 were found to be 32, 36.2, 0.05, and 18.117 ± 0.018.

Conclusion: From the current results, it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds, and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidants, Alzheimer's and Type-II diabetic diseases.

OBJECTIVE：To elucidate the mechanism by which Huoxue Jiedu Huayu recipe (, HJHR) regulates angiogenesis in the contralateral kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats and the mechanism by which it reduces of renal fibrosis.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the sham group, UUO group (180 d of left ureter ligation), UUO plus eplerenone (EPL) group, and UUO plus HJHR group. After 180 d of oral drug administration, blood and contralateral kidneys were collected for analysis. Angiogenesis- and fibrosis-related indexes were detected.

Results: HJHR and EPL improved structural damage and renal interstitial fibrosis in the contralateral kidney and reduced the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and collagen I. Moreover, these treatments could reduce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) by inhibiting the infiltration of macrophages. Furthermore, HJHR and EPL significantly reduced the expression of CD34 and CD105 by downregulating VEGFA production, which inhibited angiogenesis. Finally, the coexpressions of CD34, CD105 and α-SMA were decreased in the HJHR and EPL groups, indicating that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition was inhibited.

Conclusions: These findings confirm that HJHR alleviates contralateral renal fibrosis by inhibiting VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, encourage the use of HJHR against renal interstitial fibrosis and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical management of patients with CKD.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Moyao (Myrrh) in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.

Methods: Raw Moyao (Myrrh) and two kinds of Moyao (Myrrh) processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories. A classical chemometric algorithm (PLS-DA) and two machine learning algorithms [K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine] were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao (Myrrh) samples, and their discriminative performance was evaluated.

Results: Based on the accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1 value in each model, the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results. In all of the chemometric analyses, the NIR spectrum of Moyao (Myrrh) preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins, and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best. The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively.

Conclusions: NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao (Myrrh) and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.

Genus Prunus comprising around 430 species is a vast important genus of family Rosaceae, subfamily amygdalaoidae. Among all 430 species, around 19 important species are commonly found in Indian sub-continent due to their broad nutritional and economic importance. Some most common species of genus Prunus are Prunus amygdalus, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Prunus cerasoides, Prunus domestica, Prunus mahaleb, etc. A newly introduced species of Prunus i.e Prunus sunhangii is recently discovered which is morphologically very similar to Prunus cerasoides. Plants of Prunus species are short to medium-sized deciduous trees mainly found in the northern hemisphere. In India and its subcontinent, it extends from the Himalayas to Sikkim, Meghalaya, Bhutan, Myanmar etc. Different Prunus species have been extensively studied for their morphological, microscopic, pharmacological and phytoconstituents characteristics. Total phenolic content of Prunus species explains the presence of phenols in high quantity and pharmacological activity due to phenols. Phytochemical screening of species of genus Prunus shows the presence of wide phytoconstituents which contributes in their pharmacological significance and reveals the therapeutic potential and traditional medicinal significance of this genus. Genus Prunus showed a potent antioxidant activity analyzed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical assay. Plant species belonging to the genus Prunus is widely used traditionally for the treatment of various disorders. Some specific Prunus species possess potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic etc. activity which makes the genus more interesting for further research and findings. This review is an attempt to summarize the comprehensive study of Prunus.

Objective: To investigate the underlying protein molecular mechanisms of "Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome" (QS) and "Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome" (QD), as two subtypes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: In this study, a total of 227 CAD patients with QS and 211 CAD patients with QD were enrolled; all participants underwent PCI. Label-free quantification proteomics were employed to analyze the changes in serum in two subtypes of CAD patients before and 6 months after PCI, aiming to elucidate the intervention mechanism of PCI in treating CAD characterized by two different TCM syndromes.

Results: Biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in tumor necrosis factor-α, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood stasis clinical symptoms observation, and Gensini levels in both patient groups post-PCI; Proteomic analysis identified 79 and 95 differentially expressed proteins in the QS and QD patient groups, respectively, compared to their control groups. complement C8 alpha chain, complement factor H, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen, carbonic anhydrase 2, and complement factor I were altered in both comparison groups. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that cell adhesion and connectivity-related processes underwent changes in QS patients post-PCI, whereas lipid metabolism-related pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, underwent changes in the QD group. The protein-protein interaction network analysis further enriched 52 node proteins, including apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), complement C5, apolipoprotein A4, complement C8 alpha chain, complement C8 beta chain, complement C8 gamma chain, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, albumin, complement C4-B, apolipoprotein C3, among others. The functional network of these proteins is posited to contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD characterized by TCM syndromes.

Conclusion: The current quantitative proteomic study has preliminarily identified biomarkers of CAD in different TCM subtypes treated with PCI, potentially laying the groundwork for understanding the protein profiles associated with the treatment of various TCM subtypes of CAD.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin recipe granules (, SGR) in treating patients with intermediate coronary lesions (ICL), and to investigate the potential mechanism though a transcriptome sequencing approach.

Methods: ICL patients with Qi deficiency and phlegm stasis were adopted and randomly assigned to a case group or a control by random number generator in a 1:1 randomization ratio to evaluate the clinical efficacy.

Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in coronary computed tomography angiography related indexes in the two groups before and after intervention. Through the gene chip expression analysis, it is finally concluded that there are 355 differential mRNAs (190 up-regulated genes and 165 down regulated genes) when compared the SGR group and placebo group. Through protein-protein interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes, 10 hub genes were finally obtained: CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, DNAJC6, FGF12, SGSM2, CACNA1G, LRP6, KIF25, OXTR, UPB1.

Conclusions: SGR combined with Western Medicine can be safely used to treat ICL patients with Qi deficiency and phlegm stasis. The possible mechanism of action and relevant gene loci and pathway were proposed.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of Chang'an decoction (, CAD) on colitis, and investigate the potential mechanisms underlying these effects from the perspectives of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by mitofusin 2 (MFN2).

Methods: The composition of CAD was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. A mice model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis was established and therapeutic effects of CAD were determined by detecting body weight, disease activity index, colon length and histopathological changes. Then, the expression levels of MFN2, ER stress markers and Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein3 (NLRP3) relevant proteins were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, knockdown and overexpression cell model were constructed to further investigate the underlying mechanism of MFN2 mediating ER stress and energy metabolism by PCR, Western blot, electron microscopy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining. Finally, inflammatory indicator and tight junction proteins were measured by PCR and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the protective effects of CAD.

Results: Results showed that the indispensable regulatory role of MFN2 in mediating ER stress and mitochondrial damage was involved in the protective effects of CAD on colitis in mice fed with DSS. Network pharmacology analysis also revealed CAD may play a protective effect on colitis by affecting mitochondrial function. In addition, our data also suggested a causative role for MFN2 in the development of inflammatory responses and energy metabolic alterations by constructing a knockdown and overexpression cell model whereby alter proper ER-mitochondria interaction in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, relative expression analyses of ER stress markers and NLRP3 inflammasome showed the onset of ER stress and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which is consistent with the above findings. In contrast, intervention of CAD could improve the mucosal barrier integrity and colonic inflammatory response effectively through inhibiting ER stress response mediated by MFN2.

Conclusion: CAD could alleviate ER stress by regulating MFN2 to exert therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis, which might provide an effective natural therapeutic approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Objective: To explore the pharmacodynamic effects and potential mechanisms of Shuangling extract against ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: The bioinformatics method was used to predict the active ingredients and action targets of Shuangling extract against UC in mice. And the biological experiments such as serum biochemical indexes and histopathological staining were used to verify the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Shuangling extract against UC in mice.

Results: The Shuangling extract reduced the levels of seruminterleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-N), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other inflammatory factors in UC mice and inhibited the inflammatory response. AKT Serine/threonine Kinase 1 and IL-6 may be the main targets of the anti-UC action of Shuangling extract, and the TNF signaling pathway, Forkhead box O signaling pathway and T-cell receptor signaling pathway may be the main signaling pathways.

Conclusion: The Shuangling extract could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by UC and regulate intestinal immune function through multiple targets and multiple channels, which provided a new option and theoretical basis for anti-UC.

Acupuncture is a typical example of Traditional Chinese Medicine and has been used in China for hundreds of years to treat a wide range of illnesses. However, in the clinic, issues and deficiencies were primarily seen in four areas: loss of accuracy in the operation process; difficulty understanding the depth of acupuncture; difficulty using reinforcing and reducing techniques; and lack of a clear dynamic effect of acupuncture points following acupuncture. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography may quantitatively evaluate the acupuncture location and display the distribution of small nerves near and within the fascia of the acupuncture point in real time. The subjects were asked how they felt about receiving Qi when the needle body reached different depths and different tissues. The Qi obtained from an acupuncture point and the connective tissue of the fascia can be further understood by combining the physiological response of the acupuncture point with the anatomical structure, which offers a new method for defining the nature of the acupuncture point and standardizing the acupuncture point.

Objective: To investigate blood pressure rhythm (BPR) in Yin deficiency syndrome of hypertension (YDSH) patients and develop a random forest model for predicting YDSH.

Methods: Our study was consistent with technical processes and specification for developing guidelines of Evidence-based Chinese medicine clinical practice (T/CACM 1032-2017). We enrolled 234 patients who had been diagnosed with primary hypertension without antihypertensive medications prior to the enrollment. All participants were divided into Yin deficiency group (YX, n = 74) and non-Yin deficiency group (NYX, n = 160). Participants were professionally grouped by three experienced chief Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) physicians according to four examinations (i.e., inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry and palpation). We collected data on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and YDSH rating scale. We divided 24 h of a day into 12 two-hour periods [Chen-Shi (7:00-9:00), Si-Shi (9:00-11:00), Wu-Shi (11:00-13:00), Wei-Shi (13:00-15:00), Shen-Shi (15:00-17:00), You-Shi (17:00-19:00), Xu-Shi (19:00-21:00), Hai-Shi (21:00-23:00), Zi-Shi (23:00-1:00), Chou-Shi (1:00-3:00), Yin-Shi (3:00-5:00), Mao-Shi (5:00-7:00)] according to the theory of "midnight-midday ebb flow". We used random forest to build the diagnostic model of YDSH, with whether it was Yin deficiency syndrome as the outcome.

Results: Compared with NYX group, YX group had more female participants with older age, lower waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and smoking and drinking rate (all P ＜ 0.05). The YDSH rating scores of YX group [28.5 (21.0-36.0)] were significantly higher than NYX group [13.0 (8.0-22.0)] (P < 0.001), and the typical symptoms of YX group included vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles, dizziness, dry eyes, string-like and fine pulse, soreness and weakness of lumbus and knees, palpitations, reddened cheeks, and tinnitus (all P < 0.05). The ratio of non-dipper hypertension in YX group was higher than in NYX group (56.9% vs 44.4%, P = 0.004). Compared with NYX group, 24 h DBP standard deviation (SD), nighttime DBP SD, Si-Shi DBP, Si-Shi mean arterial pressure (MAP), Hi-Shi systolic blood pressure (SBP), Hi-Shi DBP, Hi-Shi MAP, Zi-Shi SBP, Zi-Shi DBP, Zi-Shi MAP, Chou-Shi SBP SD, Chou-Shi DBP SD, Chou-Shi SBP coefficient of variation (CV) were lower in YX group (all P ＜ 0.05). Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed that the diagnosis of YDSH was positively correlated with age, heart rate, YDSH rating scores, and four TCM symptoms including vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles, string-like and fine pulse, soreness and weakness of lumbus and knees, and reddened cheeks (all P ＜ 0.05), but was negatively correlated with smoking (P﹥0.05). In addition, the diagnosis of YDSH was pos