Mental health science最新文献

Behavioral avoidance exacerbates anxiety symptoms. Capturing and identifying maladaptive avoidance patterns holds clinical utility. However, effective assessment tools which provide unique information on behavior beyond self-report are needed. Here, we assess the replicability of an interactive game to distinguish between clinically anxious and healthy youth's behavioral avoidance. One hundred and fifteen youth (8–17 years old) completed the Yale Interactive Kinect Environment Software (YIKES) paradigm, whereby behavioral avoidance of aversive and non-aversive faces is captured. Our primary, preregistered analyses used mixed ANOVA models to test differences in behavioral avoidance by diagnostic status, clinician-reported avoidance, and self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Secondary, non-preregistered analyses pooled data across two published studies (n = 189 youth). Primary analyses found no association between clinician-rated anxiety symptoms and avoidance (ps > 0.296). A secondary, pooled analysis with additional data indicated a positive association between self-reported social anxiety symptom severity and avoidance of aversive faces (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). A positive association also emerged between overall self-reported anxiety symptoms and avoidance of aversive faces (r = 0.18, p = 0.014). Here, we provide evidence that a naturalistic interactive game is effective for capturing avoidance patterns. While no associations with clinician-rated measures emerged, behavioral avoidance was correlated with self-reported anxiety. This appeared stronger for social anxiety compared to overall anxiety symptom severity. Our results suggest that self-report may be more sensitive to capturing behavioral patterns of avoidance than clinician-report, although replication and further work building on this paradigm is warranted.

Online psychological therapy practices have increased in frequency in recent years, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent research has proven their effectiveness; however, mental health clinicians' attitudes toward their use have been less explored. This is important as these attitudes can influence patient outcomes and the implementation of evidence-based interventions. As such, we aimed to explore mental health clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, as well as gray literature (PsycEXTRA and ProQuest) and manual searches of Overton, charity websites, Google Scholar, and reference lists. Themes were identified from the resulting qualitative studies, and quantitative and mixed methods studies were mapped onto these themes using a matrix. The synthesis followed a narrative approach. Thirteen themes were discovered from the 28 included studies, which highlight a range of clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy, both positive and negative. Themes consist of the therapeutic relationship, communication and relational aspects, time and space, technical aspects, professional self-doubt, individual differences, practical aspects, patient privacy, risk, perception of patient experience, transition to online therapy, change in attitude with the pandemic, and general attitudes/future intentions. Clinicians generally had somewhat positive attitudes toward online therapy, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic; however, they also identified key limitations. Training clinicians to use technology and online modalities might be a key direction for future clinical practice and research to improve clinicians' confidence and attitudes toward online therapy.

Online psychological therapy practices have increased in frequency in recent years, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent research has proven their effectiveness; however, mental health clinicians' attitudes toward their use have been less explored. This is important as these attitudes can influence patient outcomes and the implementation of evidence-based interventions. As such, we aimed to explore mental health clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, as well as gray literature (PsycEXTRA and ProQuest) and manual searches of Overton, charity websites, Google Scholar, and reference lists. Themes were identified from the resulting qualitative studies, and quantitative and mixed methods studies were mapped onto these themes using a matrix. The synthesis followed a narrative approach. Thirteen themes were discovered from the 28 included studies, which highlight a range of clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy, both positive and negative. Themes consist of the therapeutic relationship, communication and relational aspects, time and space, technical aspects, professional self-doubt, individual differences, practical aspects, patient privacy, risk, perception of patient experience, transition to online therapy, change in attitude with the pandemic, and general attitudes/future intentions. Clinicians generally had somewhat positive attitudes toward online therapy, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic; however, they also identified key limitations. Training clinicians to use technology and online modalities might be a key direction for future clinical practice and research to improve clinicians' confidence and attitudes toward online therapy.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disordered eating habits, and individuals with eating disorders show more ADHD symptoms. Little is known about the underlying mechanism of this association. In this scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of researched mediators in adults and discuss implications for future research. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Ovid, and PubPsych. We included studies written in English or German and conducted on adults (18+ years). Of the 884 search results, 22 studies were included. N = 11 studies examined hyperactivity/impulsivity as a mediator, n = 8 inattention, n = 5 emotion dysregulation/emotional eating, n = 7 depression, negative mood, and/or anxiety, n = 6 general genetics and genetics in dopamine signaling pathways, n = 3 attractiveness of food, n = 4 interoceptive awareness/sensitivity, n = 2 general psychopathological symptoms and personality factors, and n = 1 circadian rhythm disruption. Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are cross-sectionally well-researched mediators but do not seem to mediate either a total or a causal relationship. Emotion dysregulation as well as the role of the dopaminergic reward system, including addictive-like behavior, seem to be involved as mediators and should receive more attention. Future research should not only focus on investigating one mediator while controlling for comorbidities and confounding factors but should also include prospective longitudinal study designs.

Suicide rates among Black women and girls have been rising, with depression being a major precursor to suicide attempts. Implementing evidence-based treatments for depression could significantly help in reducing these suicide rates. As such, the aim of the study was to review treatment effects of depression intervention on young Black girls and women (YBGW) across treatment settings. Studies that used Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) to reduce depressive symptomatology in Black girls and women ages 12–29 were eligible for inclusion. Following the review of 715 abstracts and 68 full-text articles, 12 studies were ultimately selected. The RCT articles were then organized into four categories based on the intervention methods used in the study. Notably, only two studies specifically targeted YBGW, and only one provided treatment effect sizes for this group. The remaining RCTs did not include data specific to YBGW, limiting the ability to draw robust conclusions regarding treatment effects on depression. Despite these limitation, the study highlights the critical need for targeted depression interventions to address the rising suicide rates among Black women and girls.

Suicide rates among Black women and girls have been rising, with depression being a major precursor to suicide attempts. Implementing evidence-based treatments for depression could significantly help in reducing these suicide rates. As such, the aim of the study was to review treatment effects of depression intervention on young Black girls and women (YBGW) across treatment settings. Studies that used Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) to reduce depressive symptomatology in Black girls and women ages 12–29 were eligible for inclusion. Following the review of 715 abstracts and 68 full-text articles, 12 studies were ultimately selected. The RCT articles were then organized into four categories based on the intervention methods used in the study. Notably, only two studies specifically targeted YBGW, and only one provided treatment effect sizes for this group. The remaining RCTs did not include data specific to YBGW, limiting the ability to draw robust conclusions regarding treatment effects on depression. Despite these limitation, the study highlights the critical need for targeted depression interventions to address the rising suicide rates among Black women and girls.

Physician suicide is a significant public health problem, as previous research shows physicians are at increased risk of dying by suicide compared to the general population. We aim to focus on the recent trends in physician suicide death rates, risk factors and preventive measures related to physicians in the US. We adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO resulted in 5139 records. We included 5 studies that provide a sex-specific examination of physician suicide death rates, related risk factors, or preventive measures. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment and employed a thematic approach to interpret data. Our qualitative analysis revealed that female physicians have an elevated risk of suicide in comparison to their female non-physician counterparts, whereas male physicians exhibit lower risk relative to male non-physicians. Our findings show that male risk factors for suicide include job and legal stressors, while females were affected by mental health issues. Depression was a direct contributor to suicidal thoughts, while burnout was indirectly involved. Distinguishing between burnout and depression is essential for the implementation of successful preventative methods. Future research must investigate intersectional elements, as well as longitudinal post-pandemic trends, to inform the formulation of fair policy. These findings underscore the critical need for supportive workplace conditions to mitigate suicide risk among physicians. Enhancing awareness of the stigma associated with mental health care access and prioritizing support networks are crucial measures for cultivating a culture of psychological well-being within the medical profession.

Physician suicide is a significant public health problem, as previous research shows physicians are at increased risk of dying by suicide compared to the general population. We aim to focus on the recent trends in physician suicide death rates, risk factors and preventive measures related to physicians in the US. We adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO resulted in 5139 records. We included 5 studies that provide a sex-specific examination of physician suicide death rates, related risk factors, or preventive measures. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment and employed a thematic approach to interpret data. Our qualitative analysis revealed that female physicians have an elevated risk of suicide in comparison to their female non-physician counterparts, whereas male physicians exhibit lower risk relative to male non-physicians. Our findings show that male risk factors for suicide include job and legal stressors, while females were affected by mental health issues. Depression was a direct contributor to suicidal thoughts, while burnout was indirectly involved. Distinguishing between burnout and depression is essential for the implementation of successful preventative methods. Future research must investigate intersectional elements, as well as longitudinal post-pandemic trends, to inform the formulation of fair policy. These findings underscore the critical need for supportive workplace conditions to mitigate suicide risk among physicians. Enhancing awareness of the stigma associated with mental health care access and prioritizing support networks are crucial measures for cultivating a culture of psychological well-being within the medical profession.