Mental health science最新文献

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for eating disorders (ED). The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, ED symptomatology and body image concerns. Included articles were original studies that described the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, published in the English language in a peer-review journal. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: PsycINFO, MedLine, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Of the initial search of 109 potential studies, eight met inclusion criteria, including six case studies, one quasi-experimental study, and one randomised control trial (RCT). The RCT indicated that including an EMDR component did not have benefits over standard treatment for core ED symptoms, whereas the quasi-experimental study demonstrated some benefits for inclusion of EMDR as a treatment adjunct for anorexia nervosa patients. Case studies indicated some promising outcomes for patients with various presentations. Despite EMDR being an available treatment for several decades now, there is limited clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in the treatment of EDs. These findings highlight a critical need for more clinical research in this area to ensure clinical practice is guided and supported by evidence-based outcomes.

The complexity of psychological mechanisms in disordered eating behaviours was tested using a nonclinical sample (female adults from English speaking countries, N = 334). Concerning the development and maintenance of disturbed cognition and eating behaviour, theories of self-esteem, executive function, and emotion regulation as well as interpersonal and transdiagnostic theories and theory of mind were applied with covariates of depression, anxiety, family functioning, and demographic variables. Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated seven variables mediated the impact of self-esteem upon disordered eating. The theory of mind variable, when measured on the emotion recognition component, was a significant mechanism in explaining both anorexic eating and shape concerns, and bulimic symptoms. Meanwhile, thwarted belongingness, social evaluation, social conflict, and executive function—cognitive flexibility—were suggested mechanisms for shape and weight concerns, and restrictive eating. In contrast, emotion regulation and another executive function variable of negative urgency appeared as mechanisms of bulimic symptoms and behaviours.

An increasingly common response to the lack of specialist mental health services for refugees and asylum seekers in European host countries is peer-supported services. This study examined the association between a peer-provided psychosocial intervention and psychological symptom reduction among refugees and asylum seekers in Greece. The intervention consisted of Problem Management Plus (PM+) and peer case management sessions delivered by a team of Community Psychosocial Workers (trained refugees). The sample consisted of 173 participants, comprising Arabic and Farsi speakers, male and female participants, recognized refugees and asylum seekers. Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were measured before and after the intervention using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Psychological Outcome Profiles scales, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance was adopted to evaluate the difference in the degree of change across patient characteristics over the follow-up period. The level of statistical significance was set at p < .05, and analyses were conducted using SPSS statistical software (version 26.0). Significant decreases were found in all postintervention scores, indicating significant decreases in anxiety and depression symptoms as well as in psychological distress following the peer-provided psychosocial intervention, which included emotional support and social care. Large effect sizes were found at all scales. The findings support the notion that there is an association between the implemented intervention and symptom reduction in refugees. For future research, a randomized controlled trial is proposed as a study protocol.

While existing literature has extensively examined the correlation between social media usage and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents, research on this relationship among adults remains limited. Thus, this study sought to explore the association between social media engagement and BDD in adults. A sample of 222 participants completed a questionnaire comprising various scales to assess the influence of social media usage and time spent on these platforms on body dissatisfaction. The results revealed a positive correlation between social media usage and symptoms of body dissatisfaction, as well as low self-esteem. Notably, increased time spent on social media emerged as a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction. Moreover, a significant link was observed between self-esteem and Appearance-Related Consciousness concerning image uploads on social media platforms. Image-centric platforms like Snapchat and Instagram exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Interestingly, gender differences in these associations were not identified.

Cannabis use among women who experience chronic pain is on the rise in the United States. However, little is known about women's motives and preferences for cannabis administration. The purpose of this study was to characterize cannabis use among women with chronic pain. This study examined self-reported forms of cannabis administration and preferred source of cannabis, frequency and quantity of use, and self-reported side effects, and type, level, and intensity of chronic pain among adult women in the United States. This study also compared women who use cannabis for chronic pain and those who do not across the level of chronic pain, length of chronic pain, and the number of types of chronic pain experienced. Participants showed a significant preference (60%) for using recreational cannabis to treat chronic pain but reported that medical cannabis was more effective. For participants who preferred medical cannabis 24.3% reported daily use, as compared to only 7.8% of recreational cannabis users. Smoking was the most common form of administration (62.1%), followed by edibles (25.3%), vaporizing in any form (7.4%), tinctures and concentrates (3.2%), and topicals (2.1%). Participants reported using 1–6 different forms of cannabis administration. Those who preferred smoking were significantly likely to use all other forms of administration. However, those who preferred alternatives to smoking were significantly likely to use all forms of administration except for smoking. Medical cannabis users preferred to obtain cannabis from a dispensary, while recreational users preferred to obtain cannabis from unlicensed sources. Additionally, participants who used cannabis for chronic pain reported a 74% reduction in past 30-day opioid use. Future research is needed to investigate the health effects associated with single and combined forms of cannabis administration for women with chronic pain. Results can inform educational and intervention programs, treatment development, content regulation of products, policy formation, women's health research, and public health guidelines.

Despite the extent of traumatisation experienced by refugee groups, uptake of evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) remain low with high dropout rates. While this has been linked to cultural differences in help seeking and how illness is understood, little is known about how effective or acceptable cultural adaptations to CBT (CA-CBT) are. Conduct a systematic review of the types of CA-CBT delivered to refugee groups and evaluate their effectiveness and acceptability. We searched six databases for CA-CBT delivered to refugee groups experiencing depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Effectiveness was evaluated using both quantitative outcome measures and qualitative data. Dropout rates were collected as a proxy measure of acceptability. The types of cultural adaptations used were also described. Findings are presented using narrative synthesis. We include 13 studies that made cultural adaptations to the delivery format or content of CA-CBT. Linguistic adaptations and including culturally relevant emotion regulation strategies were most common. Results showed significant decreases in PTSD symptom severity in all but one study, and significant decreases in depression outcomes across all studies. Dropout rates was nine percent among all participants. Findings from qualitative studies indicated reduced distress whereas cultural adaptation increased trust in treatment. There is initial evidence supporting the effectiveness and acceptability of CA-CBT. However, more research is required to establish best practices for adapting CBT to different cultures. Methodologically rigorous tests are needed to determine if CA-CBT effectively meets the needs of forcibly displaced populations.

Antarctica is considered an isolated, confined, and extreme environment. Expeditionary members' health conditions deserve special attention in such environments since access to healthcare is difficult and social networks are limited. Women in Antarctica not only are a minority recently integrated into a predominantly male setting, but also need to withstand the environment's influence and demonstrate emotional intelligence, physical capacity, and intellectual competence to share this environment, which does not always provide structures adapted to their daily needs. Our objective was to analyze quantitative evidence on the health of expeditionary women in Antarctica. This is a systematic review of the narrative synthesis type, consulting the principal databases. The inclusion criteria were quantitative, observational studies with measures of mental disorders during expeditions on the frozen continent or after conclusion of the missions. Exclusion criteria were review studies and studies that only included men. Results: We retrieved 1865 publications and included 43 in the review that contained specific results for expeditionary women (n = 7); results of expeditionary crews of both sexes but reported without specification by gender (n = 25); and results pertaining to expeditionary members reported by terms that prevented specification by gender (n = 11). The literature is inconsistent on the mental health of expeditionary women in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. Even so, the review showed that women appear to be more prone to manifesting depressive symptoms and that gender appears to influence sleep quality. More studies are needed that specify the psychological alterations developed by women in Antarctica.

There is a need to better understand what works, for whom, and in what circumstances, in the context of workplace mental well-being. Among the various interventions used within business settings for employee mental well-being, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness are two of the most studied empirically. To-date, there have been no systematic reviews of this specific literature, meaning we presently lack clarity with regard to overall findings and reliability. The purpose of this paper is to provide a refined summary of the interventions, measures, and outcomes, to inform future research and support decision making within corporate organizations. A search of APAPsycArticles, APAPsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases from the start of records to June 2024, supplemented by reference list reviews and Google Scholar searches, retrieved 16,018 papers. English language experimental studies of CBT and/or mindfulness interventions for white-collar private sector employees were eligible. Following duplicate removal and title and abstract reviews, 99 manuscripts were read in full, with 37 papers selected. Seventeen studies delivered CBT and 20 delivered mindfulness. There were 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 8 controlled clinical trials, and 7 single cohort trials. Interventions were delivered in-person, online and via telephone. Both CBT and mindfulness were associated with improvements in employee mental well-being, with the evidence for mindfulness more robust. Online interventions typically saw higher rates of participant attrition. We conclude that both CBT and mindfulness can improve mental well-being among private sector white-collar employees. However, this finding is not unequivocal. More RCTs would enhance the literature.