Mental health science最新文献

Burnout is an occupational phenomenon that arises from the unsuccessful management of chronic job stress. Accurate measures of burnout are vital for the implementation of effective interventions. However, existing tools, such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), have demonstrated variability in their assessments. This study aims to compare the MBI and CBI to determine which tool provides a more reliable and comprehensive measure of burnout in the general population of France. The secondary objective was to identify key predictors of work exhaustion in the general population. Residents of mainland France participated in an online anonymous survey that collected data on their demographic and job-related characteristics, including job satisfaction and work exhaustion. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analyses. Emotional exhaustion (in the MBI) was strongly associated with work exhaustion and personal, work-related and client-related burnout dimensions of the CBI. Correlations of participants' perceptions of work exhaustion with the CBI, MBI, and their dimensions showed a stronger correlation with CBI (r = 0.408 vs. 0.296; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that emotional exhaustion (MBI) and personal burnout (CBI) were significant predictors of work exhaustion, while depersonalization (MBI) was negatively associated, highlighting the distinct contributions of MBI and CBI in assessing burnout. This study provides valuable insights into the complex relationships among the MBI, CBI, and work exhaustion and highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to better understand and address the phenomenon of burnout.

The purpose of this study is to examine disparities in mental health diagnoses, depression screening, and depressive symptoms in pediatric primary care settings before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate the use of electronic health records to study temporal trends in pediatric mental and behavioral health (MBH). This is an IRB-approved, retrospective study of pediatric patients (n = 11,001) who visited three primary care sites at an academic medical center before (2017–2019) and during (2020–2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. We used logistic regression to compare prevalence of diagnoses, depression screening, and depression symptom scores among demographic groups. This study demonstrates an increase in both PHQ-9A screening rates and average scores from 2017–2019 to 2020–2022. Despite an increase in overall PHQ-9A scores, prevalence of mental health diagnoses is lower in 2020–2022 compared to 2017–2019. There were significant disparities in common mental health diagnoses, including higher rates of psychological distress among lower income patients, both before and during the pandemic. In both cohorts, patients classified as African American, Asian, or Other racial groups had a lower prevalence of diagnoses compared to Caucasian patients. However, patients marked as having multiple racial groups had greater levels of diagnoses. There were also lower screening rates among Hispanic patients. Gender non-conforming patients had a significantly larger burden of psychological distress. This suggests a need for greater equity in routine MBH screening and additional research to better understand the underlying social determinants that may be driving the greater mental health burden for certain marginalized youth. This study also highlights the strengths and challenges of utilizing EHR data to characterize disparities in pediatric mental illness. Although the nature of care delivery in an academic medical center clinic and the limitations of the EHR for collecting relevant data present challenges to this measurement, the EHR is nevertheless a promising tool for measuring and tracking pediatric mental health disparities.

This study aimed to develop and test a novel Perceived Stigma from Healthcare Professional's self-report questionnaire in a sample of female and male young adults with eating disorders (EDs). An online cross-sectional self-report study was conducted, recruiting a community and clinical sample of 18 to 35-year-olds diagnosed with or self-identifying with an ED (N = 140). The questionnaire utilised the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 to measure ED severity. Those who sought professional help for their ED proceeded to answer the novel Perceived Stigma from Healthcare Professionals questionnaire (N = 42). There was a large range of total perceived stigma scores but, volitional stigma and weight discrimination were the most frequently perceived stigmatising views. A Pearson's correlation illustrated that greater perceived stigma from healthcare professionals was moderately associated with greater ED severity, r(4) = 0.49. p = 0.001. The results indicate heterogeneity of experiences of stigma but, provide preliminary evidence that volitional stigma and weight discrimination may reflect common experiences. Greater stigma from healthcare professionals might be linked to worse outcomes for those with EDs. The findings underscore the importance of further exploration into perceived stigma from healthcare professionals and ED outcomes, using validated questionnaires and larger samples.

Postpartum anxiety and depression are two of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and emerge from being one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated mental health problems. Its prevalence has been reported to affect about 10%–20% of pregnant women. Due to such large-scale prevalence, the need for better diagnostic techniques and therapeutic management has been addressed in this review. Maternal health largely influences the health of the newborn, affecting not only the growth and development of the child but also the mother-child bond as mothers with postpartum depression reportedly have a lack of interest in their child. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease including the hormonal factors, the neurotransmitter pathways that become skewed, genetic influences and psychosocial factors, are essential to develop treatment options. This review outlines all the different pathophysiology and theories so far researched in this field. Although significant strides have been made in developing diagnostic and therapeutic management, the need for further research and testing is emphasized. Unfortunately, research testing the safety of several antidepressant classes that can be used to treat postpartum anxiety, and depression cannot be undertaken due to the major ethical issues it raises in conducting such research in pregnant women. This review highlights the promising avenues of further research that have the potential to treat and prevent this debilitating disease. Using biomarkers for early detection, the field of pharmacogenomics which helps to tailor prescriptions for personalized treatment, and pharmacological treatments which include antidepressants like serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and various nonpharmacological measures including massages, psychotherapy, co-parenting, postnatal exercises, kangaroo care, and music remedies, have been discussed. Finally, the role of public education in highlighting the prevention of stigma surrounding postpartum anxiety and depression has been addressed.

In racially minoritized communities, students who overcome structural challenges to succeed academically are regarded as resilient. However, the same self-regulation skills that help minoritized youth excel despite chronic stress may also lead to physiological dysregulation that can contribute to health disparities. Structural racism and race-related stress may compel motivated youth to adopt a Striving Persistent Behavioral Style (SPBS), a high effort coping strategy that involves emotion suppression, experiential avoidance, and unmodulated perseverance. Mindfulness intervention has the potential to target these aspects of self-regulation while conserving achievement. We will conduct a randomized controlled trial in which 504 high-achieving students of color will be randomly assigned to either a mindfulness intervention or an attention control. Assessments will include self-report and behavioral measures of self-regulation, and self-report and biomarker measures of health outcomes at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-year follow-up. Project STRIVE (STudents RIsing aboVE) will address three aims: (1) Examine the impact of the STRIVE intervention on self-regulation processes associated with SPBS, (2) Assess the effects of the STRIVE intervention on the primary outcomes of allostatic load (a multisystem indicator of chronic physiological stress), health complaints, and internalizing mental health symptoms, and (3) Test the mechanistic pathways linking SPBS to health outcomes. Project STRIVE is a reverse translational study that uses a randomized trial design to provide a causal test of hypothesized mechanisms by which health disparities persist among upwardly mobile racially minoritized individuals. This trial is registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol and Results Registration System (NCT05846282).

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov under ID NCT05846282.

Research on bullying and LGBTQ+ Black and Latinx youth is limited, yet findings suggest experiencing bullying is associated with high levels of psychological distress, which can be internalized. Similarly, research on aspects such as parental acceptance and informed therapy suggest these can operate as protective factors when experiencing oppression. Yet, these relations are often tested individually. Thus, using an intersectional approach, we explore the cumulative effect of these variables using a sample of LGBTQ+ Black and Latinx youth to highlight specific mental health disparities among these groups. Using a national online cross-sectional survey with LGBTQ+ Black and Latinx youth (N = 2414), we assessed the relation between school bullying (predictor), internalized LGBTQ+ stigma (mediator), and psychological distress (outcome) and tested the influence of access to therapy (moderator 1) and parental acceptance (moderator 2) in a moderated mediation analysis. Additionally, a second moderated mediation analysis tested among participants who have access to therapy if LGBTQ+ informed therapy (moderator 1) and parental acceptance (moderator 2) influenced the relation between our main variables. Using a moderated mediation analysis PROCESS Model 11 for two models, results suggested in model 1 that internalized stigma mediated the relation between school bullying and psychological distress. Furthermore, both parental acceptance and access to therapy moderated the association between school bullying and internalized LGBTQ+ stigma. The second model found that for those with access to therapy, receiving LGBTQ+ -informed therapy and high parental acceptance disrupted the relationship between school bullying and internalized LGBTQ+ stigma. Our findings suggested that LGBTQ+ Black and Latinx youth receiving LGBTQ+ informed therapy reported less internalized LGBTQ+ stigma, particularly when parental acceptance is high. Implications and limitations are discussed.

While Latino adolescents of all genders in the US experience inequities in depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, and access to mental health services in comparison to non-Latino White peers, they are underrepresented in adolescent mental health research. Additionally, little has been written on how to best engage Latino adolescents in mental health research. Given that this population has unique developmental and cultural needs, our purpose is to outline strategies for increasing engagement of Latino teens in mental health-focused studies based on lessons learned from three investigators’ programs of research. This manuscript describes the research programs of three bilingual investigators who have dedicated their research careers to addressing mental health inequities of Latino adolescents. We synthesize lessons learned across all aspects of study design, focusing on recommendations to facilitate the engagement of Latino adolescents in mental health research. Based on the successes and challenges in our programs of research, we provide four key recommendations to increase engagement of Latino adolescents in mental health research: (1) Become knowledgeable about the values, culture, and language of the local Latino community; (2) Consider recruitment strategies that are inclusive of both clinical and community Latino teen samples; (3) Balance the autonomy of the Latino teen with family values throughout the research process; and (4) Offer flexible data collection options knowing that teens and parents may have various levels of comfort with sharing information about themselves and their mental health. Researchers can build upon the lessons from our combined almost 40 years of research experience with Latino adolescents, emerging adults, and parents. Through consideration of these recommendations, the recruitment of diverse groups of Latino teens into mental health research can be bolstered with the goal of generating translatable knowledge to help address mental health inequities faced by this population.

Suicide is a major public health concern that has negatively impacted people worldwide socioeconomically, physically, and psychologically. Every instance is a heart-breaking loss that deeply impacts families, communities and nations, leaving lasting repercussions for those left behind. The aim of the study was to explore precipitating factors of people who experienced a suicide attempt. A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used with the help of a semi-structured interview guide to collect data from thirteen (13) suicide attempters' with ages between 20 and 48 years. The data were transcribed verbatim after it had been audio recorded digitally. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA 20. Information gathered yielded two major themes and six subthemes as the precipitating factors for suicide attempt. The two main themes were (1) Social/family issues, with its subthemes; mistrust, wasted resources and parental pressure (2) Psychological issues with the subthemes; Childhood experiences, emotional breakdown and difficult life pursuits. The study showed that suicide is a very complex problem in every society and there is general ignorance about the triggers, signs and appropriate help seeking strategies. It is therefore vital to create massive public awareness on suicide attempt triggers and symptoms through health education to help save lives.