Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

Objectives: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of oxygen-releasing gel (Blue®M [BM]) alone or associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), after scaling and root planing (SRP), as adjuvants during the treatment of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP). Materials and Methods: For this aim, Wistar rats underwent EP by placing a cotton ligature around the lower first molar. Ligatures were maintained for 7 days and were subsequently removed. Then, rats were arbitrarily allocated into five groups: EP group-untreated animals; SRP group-SRP followed by the application of saline; BM group-SRP followed by the application of BM gel (0.4 mL); PDT group-SRP followed by photosensitizer and low power laser irradiation (660 nm, 40mW, 60 s); and BM+PDT-SRP followed by BM and later PDT. Results: Treatment with BM, PDT, and BM+PDT groups at both 7 and 30 days resulted in decreased alveolar bone destruction compared with the EP and SRP groups. At 30 days, the PDT and BM+PDT groups enhanced the resolution of inflammation by decreasing the inflammatory infiltrate and increasing alveolar bone neoformation, as evidenced by increased immunostaining of osteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta 1, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and -4. The BM group showed positive effects regarding the inhibition of bone resorption and inflammation but was less effective when compared with the PDT group. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PDT significantly reduces alveolar bone loss and enhances connective tissue repair. Treatment with BM gel alone also decreases bone loss and ameliorates the repair of periodontal tissues. However, combining BM with PDT appears to diminish the effects of PDT.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different Er,Cr:YSGG laser disinfection protocols on the bonding performance of bioactive restorative materials to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Background: With the adoption of minimally invasive caries removal techniques, bonding to CAD has become increasingly important. Adhesion challenges caused by CAD can be overcome through the application of effective disinfection methods and the selection of compatible bioactive restorative materials. Methods: A total of 120 human third molars (240 specimens) were prepared, with dentin surfaces exposed under water cooling. After pH-cycling to simulate CAD, specimens were assigned to four disinfection groups: no disinfection (C), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 0.5 W (L1), and 1 W (L2). Four restorative materials (n = 12 per group)-G-ænial Achord (a resin composite used as the control group), Equia Forte HT, Beautifil-II Restorative, and Cention Forte-were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. Shear bond strength (SBS) testing was conducted on 192 specimens, while energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyzed F, P, and Ca on 48 specimens, and scanning electron microscopy images were obtained from representative specimens. Results: CHX disinfection significantly improved SBS compared to the control group. Among restorative materials, G-ænial Achord showed the highest SBS, while Equia Forte HT demonstrated the lowest (p < 0.05). L1 disinfection combined with G-ænial Achord achieved the highest bond strength, whereas its combination with Equia Forte HT resulted in the lowest (p < 0.05). EDS revealed increased fluoride content on CAD surfaces treated with CHX. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser disinfection at 0.5W improved bonding performance for resin composites. Selecting a disinfection protocol based on the restorative material is crucial for optimizing adhesion to CAD.

Purpose: The study's main objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of TANIT, a platform combining functional dermal stimulation with damped bioactive current and mechanical stimulation to reduce adipose tissue (AT) in patients with stage I (SI) or II (SII) lipedema. Methods: A single-center, before-after clinical trial without a control group was conducted on adult women diagnosed with SI or SII lipedema. Patients underwent a treatment protocol for 5 weeks, with weekly sessions. Blood tests, AT thickness, pain threshold, and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and the end of the study, and a satisfaction survey was conducted after treatment. Results: Twenty-three women were enrolled with a mean age of 44.91 (standard deviation 11.58) and a median of 46.00 (Q25 = 36.50, Q75 = 51.50). Seven (30.4%) patients had SI lipedema and 16 (69.6%) had SII. The pain threshold increased in 78.3% of patients at the knee level and 80.0% at the ankle level. Lower limb volume decreased in 78.3% of patients. AT thickness decreased in all treated areas, with a mean decrease of 26.1% at the ankles, 14.5% at the knees, and 17.4% at the trochanter level. Patients reported high satisfaction with the results obtained after the treatment sessions, and no unexpected adverse effects were found. Conclusions: The TANIT platform provided an effective and safe conservative treatment option for patients with S and SII lipedema, reducing leg volume, AT thickness, and pain. However, additional randomized clinical trials and standardized assessment tools would be necessary.

Background and Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women, with a high potential for metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. This research was designed to examine the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy in combination with celecoxib in inhibiting the EMT process. We also analyzed the changes in the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and α-SMA genes in BC cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Material and Methods: In this study, the IC₅₀ of celecoxib was first determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for both cell lines. The cells were then treated with celecoxib, laser irradiation, and their combination. A migration assay was performed to evaluate the cell migration. Real-time polymerase chain reaction also assessed the changes in the expression of the abovementioned genes. Results: A combination of celecoxib and laser therapy significantly reduced the migration of cancer cells. Additionally, the potentiated effect of the combined therapy altered the expression levels of the aforementioned genes, indicating the potential role of the combination treatment in regulating EMT. Conclusions: Our research discloses that combining laser therapy with celecoxib could serve as an effective therapeutic approach to inhibit BC invasion and metastasis by targeting the EMT process and decelerating disease progression. Further investigations are essential to validate these results in clinical environments.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate whether the addition of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to pelvic floor exercises (PFEs) is more effective in treating postpartum coccydynia compared with either modality alone. Background: Postpartum coccydynia is a widespread condition that significantly affects the quality of life. Inflammation as a response to childbirth trauma and weakening of the muscles and ligaments attached to the coccyx are presumed causes of postpartum coccydynia. Finding effective modalities to manage this condition will help the quality of life for most women. Methods: Sixty women aged 25-35 years with postpartum coccydynia ≥6 weeks were randomly allocated to Group A (PBMT + hot pack + PFEs), Group B (PBMT + hot pack), and Group C (placebo PBMT + hot pack + PFEs). All groups received 12 sessions over 4 weeks of hot packs plus their allocated active treatment (PBMT and/or PFEs). Outcomes were pain intensity (visual analog scale), lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) (modified Schober test), and self-reported disability (Oswestry Disability Index). The assessors were blinded to group allocation. Results: All the measured outcomes showed significant differences (p < 0.001), with the superiority of Group A over the other groups (p < 0.001). Within groups, all groups showed statistically significant improvement from baseline across outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adding PBMT to PFEs is recommended in the management of postpartum coccydynia as this combination resulted in greater reductions in pain and disability, along with improved lumbar flexion ROM.

Objectives: This split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the management of patients with stage II grade A periodontitis. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly assigned to receive either SRP alone (control group) or SRP and diode laser application (study group) on the contralateral side. Clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) and microbiological markers; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F nucleatum) were evaluated at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. Results: Both groups reported significant improvements in all clinical parameters over the follow-up period. The study group reported a significantly higher reduction in probing depth at 12 weeks than the SRP-alone group. Microbiological evaluation revealed significantly greater reductions in P gingivalis and F. nucleatum levels in the study group at later time points, whereas no significant alterations were observed for A actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the adjunctive use of diode laser therapy may improve the clinical and microbiological findings of nonsurgical periodontal management in patients with stage II grade A periodontitis.

Aim: Impact of surface conditioner phytic acid (IP6) Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ECYL) methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on the microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to primary sound dentin. Material and method: Overall, 80 extracted sound primary molars were collected followed by their submergence in self-cure acrylic resin. The dentin surface was exposed and made flat and was assigned into four groups based on the surface conditioning. Group 1: polyacrylic acid (PAA), Group 2: 1% IP6, Group 3: ECYL, and Group 4: MB-PDT. RMGIC restorative material was bonded to primary dentin. Marginal leakage assessment was performed using silver nitrate. SBS and failure mode assessment were performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. Mean and standard deviations of SBS and marginal leakage were compared using analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: MB-PDT treated specimens displayed the highest values of marginal leakage (37.56 ± 1.25 nm) and lowest SBS (7.93 ± 1.03 MPa). However, samples in Group 2 conditioned with IP6 presented the lowest dye penetration score (11.23 ± 1.22 nm) and highest bond strength scores (11.12 ± 0.82 MPa). Conclusions: IP6 and ECYL have proved to be better alternatives in terms of low microleakage and improved SBS scores to PAA as a primary dentin surface conditioner for bonding RMGIC restoration. Conversely, MB-PDT, when employed as a dentin surface conditioner for RMGIC restorations, exhibited suboptimal results, characterized by elevated microleakage and compromised bond strength.

Background: Melasma therapy can be difficult and requires employing different treatment approaches. Laser therapy is a good alternative for treating melasma, especially for patients with refractory cases. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of newcomer wavelength 675 nm diode laser in treating melasma in darker skin types. Methods: Nineteen female patients with facial melasma were recruited. They received four sessions of 675 nm laser at one-month intervals using the following parameters: power 5-6 W, pulse duration 100-150 ms, spacing 2000 mm, and stack one up to 4 passes. One month after the last treatment session, the evaluation was done subjectively through the modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) score and objectively using the Antera 3D camera. Results: After treatment, there was a highly statistically significant reduction in mMASI scores. In addition, the scores on the Antera camera recorded highly statistically significant differences in the treated areas' melanin and hemoglobin average levels. Conclusion: The novel 675 nm laser represents a safe and efficient approach in treating melasma in darker phototype patients.

Age-related retinal degeneration is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using near-infrared light may improve mitochondrial function and visual performance, but its efficacy is critically time-dependent. This article explores how daily biological rhythms and mitochondrial function interact, focusing on the potential of timed PMBT for age-related eye diseases. Further research is needed to determine optimal treatment times and individual responses to maximize this therapy's benefits.

Background: The evaluation of the effect of laser in disinfection of root canal in pulp regenerative therapy, if found effective laser can be used for root canal disinfection in cases of regenerative endodontic therapy. Objective: This study includes a systematic review addressing the question of whether laser is effective in root canal treatment in regenerative endodontic therapy. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case series, and animal studies evaluating the effect of laser-assisted endodontic irrigation in pulp regenerative therapy were included. Review articles, case reports, and in vitro studies were excluded. The data search covers all publications without limitation by year. The last search was conducted on December 31, 2023. An electronic search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The result of this review was in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Assessment of risk of bias was done using the modified Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: The initial search resulted in 749 articles. Eleven duplicate articles were removed. Following the titles and abstracts screening, 11 articles were identified to form the basis of this systematic review. Three articles were excluded as full text was unavailable. Overall, eight studies evaluated the laser effect in root canal disinfection in pulp regenerative therapy, which were included in this systematic review. Of the included studies, a low risk of bias was shown by 7/8 studies, and a moderate risk of bias was shown by 1/8 studies. Conclusion: Laser can be used for root canal disinfection in cases of regenerative endodontic therapy. There is a need for further RCTs about individual laser groups and their disinfection effect on regenerative endodontic therapy for obtaining a higher level of evidence.