Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality with widespread applications for modulating various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms of action remain uncertain, PBM promotes homeostasis through diverse pathways, including reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue recovery. Hearing loss is irreversible in mammals due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear hair cells. Cochlear implants offer a solution by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, bypassing damaged hair cells in individuals with severe hearing loss. However, postoperative inflammatory responses and cochlear nerve fiber damage can compromise implant efficacy. Materials and Methods: We investigated current strategies to minimize secondary cochlear damage after cochlear implantation and evaluated the potential of PBM as an adjuvant therapeutic approach. Results: The auditory cell protective effects of PBM could significantly enhance the performance of EAS devices in individuals with residual hearing. Further, postoperative CI is accompanied by an inflammatory response characterized by the upregulation of specific cytokines. Conclusion: Considering the neuroregenerative potential of PBM, its application as a neuroprotective strategy warrants further validation.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 180-W XPS Greenlight laser "Five-step" photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate volume (PV) > 80 mL. Background: In patients with BPH with large PV, PVP often results in bleeding, unclear visual field, additional damage, and insufficient tissue vaporization. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study enrolled patients with BPH with PV > 80 mL treated with the Five-step PVP or the Conventional PVP from January 2018 to June 2021. Comorbidities, high-risk habits, and operative parameters were analyzed and compared. The short-term functional outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded over the 24-month follow-up. Results: Two hundred eligible patients were divided into the Five-step PVP and Conventional PVP groups (n = 100 each). These groups showed no differences in comorbidities, living habits, baseline perioperative parameters, operative time, lasing time, or energy use. However, a higher energy density (3.95 [interquartile range (IQR) 3.37, 4.52] vs 3.68 [IQR 3.17, 4.20] kJ/mL) and energy-time ratio (7.23 [IQR 6.12, 8.52] vs 6.72 [IQR 5.51, 7.87] kj/min p = 0.034) were obtained in the Five-step PVP group. Subgroup analysis of patients with PV ≥120 mL showed similar results. The short-term functional outcomes were similar between the two study groups with significant improvement from baseline, but the total prostate-specific antigen levels at 1 and 6 months were lower in the Five-step PVP group. Further, incidences of intraoperative bleeding, bladder mucosa injury, postoperative hematuria, and urinary tract infection were lower in the Five-step PVP group. In the Conventional PVP group, four patients required conversion to transurethral resection of the prostate in surgery and two patients required retreatment during the 24-month follow-up. Conclusions: The 180-W XPS Greenlight laser Five-step PVP has advantages of less bleeding, high vaporization efficiency, and low rates of perioperative complications, and, therefore, it is a promising treatment to improve short-term functional outcomes for patients with BPH with large PV.

Study design: A quasi-experimental study utilized a matched-pair design, administering photobiomodulation at four-sites on one side of the body and assigning control to the other side at corresponding sites. Objectives: This study aimed to assess photobiomodulation treatment effects on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry in individuals with complete spinal cord injury (C.SCI) and osteoporosis. Methods: Eight patients received treatment at four-sites: forearm-mid-distal (MID), proximal-femur, distal-femur, and proximal-tibia, totaling 32 sites. Using an 830 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide semiconductor laser irradiation was administered three times weekly for 8 weeks. Different doses (energy density) were determined depending on bone depth from skin surface, as assessed by sonography and adjusted through irradiation time to be 8, 10, and 12 J/cm² for depths <1 cm, between 1 and 1.5 cm, and >1.5 cm, respectively, using 200 mW power to deliver the optimal isodose of laser at each depth of bone within each therapeutic site. BMD was measured at baseline, week 8 of treatment, and week 15 of follow-up. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D and bone formation markers including osteocalcin and bone-alkaline-phosphatase (B-ALP) were also assessed at baseline and week 8 of treatment. Results: Significant increases in BMD were noted in proximal-femur and forearm-MID at both week 8 and week 15. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels significantly increased after treatment. However, no notable changes were observed in distal-femur and proximal-tibia BMD or in osteocalcin and B-ALP levels. Conclusions: Photobiomodulation (830 nm) laser demonstrated efficacy in improving BMD at proximal-femur and forearm-MID in individuals with C.SCI. Moreover, the observed positive influence on vitamin D levels suggests a potential photobiomodulation role, warranting further investigation.

Objective: The green synthesis of Tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂): Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) using Teucrium polium medicinal plant extract was investigated, and the NPs were characterized and tested as photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: The cytotoxic effect on C26 cells was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) technique. The results showed their toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The green synthesis of SnO₂:Au NPs was achieved for the first time using an extract of T. polium medicinal plant as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The produced NPs were examined for their application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Results: Methylene blue and anthracene were used to confirm that the photosensitizer could produce ROS when excited with UVA radiation. The anticancer activity of SnO₂:Au was investigated in vitro using the C26 cell line and an MTT assay, showing that PDT with SnO₂:Au NPs could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions: The significant afterglow of the SnO₂:Au NPs could cause the generation of ROS to continue several minutes after switching off the light source.

Objective: This study aimed to review the current body of literature on underexplored areas of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and/or treating oral adverse events. Background: Recent studies suggest that PBM may offer potential benefits in managing cancer-related toxicities other than oral mucositis. Nevertheless, further research to establish conclusive evidence is still missing. Methods: A panel of specialists conducted a narrative review to evaluate the evidence on PBM therapy for oral mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia, and trismus/fibrosis. Each topic was reviewed by two specialists who discussed treatment rationale, summarized current evidence, evaluated risk/benefit ratio, and identified future research directions. Results: The current evidence suggests promising outcomes in nonroutine uses of PBM for xerostomia, dysgeusia, odynophagia, oral mucositis (extraoral PBM and the pediatric population), and trismus/fibrosis. However, the primary studies are often small and may have biases that require further evaluation, particularly regarding treatment safety. Conclusion: Despite the overall positive impression of PBM therapy for oral adverse events of cancer treatment, robust evidence from large multicentered studies is necessary to support its widespread clinical use.

Aim: To prepare experimental adhesive (EA) with 1% and without chitosan nanoparticles on dentin conditioned with a conventional technique phosphoric acid (PA) compared with two different contemporary techniques: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and femtosecond laser (FSL). Method: The methodology consisted of synthesis of EA and 1% chitosan-modified adhesive (CMA). Scanning electron microscopy, dentin adhesive interface assessment, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), degree of conversion (DC), and bond failure were assessed. Teeth were selected, disinfected, and mounted in acrylic up to the cementoenamel junction. Occlusal enamel was removed and teeth were randomly allocated into groups and conditioned. These included Group 1: samples treated with PA; Group 2: specimens conditioned with methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP) activated by PDT; and Group 3: samples conditioned with FSL. Following different conditioning regimes, specimens were bonded using 1% CMA and EA. The composite buildup was followed by SBS testing and a bond failure assessment. DC was assessed for both EA and CMA. Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the mean and standard deviation of SBS and DC in different experimental groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Dentin pretreated with etch and rinse demonstrated the highest bond strength with 1% CMA. Dentin conditioned with MBP activated by PDT and bonded to EA showed the lowest bond scores. Overall SBS values of 1% CMA were better than EA irrespective of the conditioning regime of dentin. The DC was higher in EA adhesive. This was followed by DC in 1% CMA. DC in EA was found to be comparable with 1% CMA. Conclusions: PA remains the gold standard for dentin conditioning. The incorporation of 1% chitosan in adhesive improves SBS and results in no change in DC. The use of FSL in dentin conditioning can be used as an alternative approach as it results in SBS within acceptable limits. The study was approved by the ethical board of King Saud University.

Main: The pharmacological treatment of cancer can lead to undesirable hemodynamic adverse effects. Laser therapy may promote hemodynamic balance in these patients. This study aimed to analyze the values of the biomarkers ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (PCR_us) and Homocysteine (HCy) after the use of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in mastectomized patients using hormonal blockers Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors. Methods: This was an experimental, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with experimental (G1) and control (G2) groups. In G1, patients were irradiated with ILIB using a red laser at 660 nm on the carotid artery, while G2 received a placebo treatment. Blood collection for HCy and us-CRP biomarker evaluation was conducted monthly for 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed using R Studio 4.4.2 and JAMOVI, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 21 patients participated in the study, with 12 in G1 and 9 in G2. There were no differences in age, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the groups. The initial and final mean PCR_us levels for G1 were 6.8 and 3.8 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.2 and 12.1 µmol/L, respectively. While for G2 initial and final mean PCR_us levels were 9.40 and 7.60 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.33 and 16.69 µmol/L. There was no statistical difference for PCR_us. However, a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05) for HCy in the 3rd and 4th months. Conclusion: During ILIB Therapy, there was a reduction in HCy, which may favor the improvement of cardiovascular function in these patients undergoing anticancer therapies.

Background and Objective: Eliminating intracanal Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is challenging because of its ability to penetrate deep dentinal tubules and its high resistance to many chemicals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of conventional needle irrigation and three different irrigant activation methods in reducing E. faecalis. Methods: The root canals of extracted teeth were shaped, contaminated with E. faecalis, and incubated for three weeks. They were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of 15 teeth each according to the final irrigation method: group 1, conventional needle irrigation; group 2, passive ultrasonic (PU) irrigation; group 3, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); and group 4, laser-activated (LA) irrigation. Bacterial samples were taken and cultured before and after these final irrigation procedures. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction percentages of each group were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnet tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: All irrigant activation methods were significantly more effective than conventional needle irrigation. Although the LA group generated more negative samples than PU, there was no statistically significant difference between the LA and PU groups. LA was significantly more effective than the XPF, whereas PU and XPF were statistically similar. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the final irrigation with LA and PU showed the best reductive effect on E. faecalis colonies. Considering that the LA group had more negative samples, it may be chosen as an alternative to enhance root canal disinfection, especially in difficult cases.

Venous malformation is acongenital vascular system structure malformation caused by abnormal vascular endothelial cell morphology, which can occur in any tissue or organ of the oral and maxillofacial region. Laser treatment is currently a commonly used minimally invasive treatment. In this case, the patient with congenital multiple venous malformation was treated with Nd:YAG laser for the visible submucosal part, and the subcutaneous part under the chin tip was treated with ultrasound. The chin tip was treated with ultrasound guided by the chair to achieve the purpose of minimally invasive laser treatment. In this case's diagnosis and treatment process, we hope to provide a new idea for laser treatment of oromaxillofacial vein malformations.