Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0097
So-Young Chang, Min Young Lee
Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality with widespread applications for modulating various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms of action remain uncertain, PBM promotes homeostasis through diverse pathways, including reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue recovery. Hearing loss is irreversible in mammals due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear hair cells. Cochlear implants offer a solution by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, bypassing damaged hair cells in individuals with severe hearing loss. However, postoperative inflammatory responses and cochlear nerve fiber damage can compromise implant efficacy. Materials and Methods: We investigated current strategies to minimize secondary cochlear damage after cochlear implantation and evaluated the potential of PBM as an adjuvant therapeutic approach. Results: The auditory cell protective effects of PBM could significantly enhance the performance of EAS devices in individuals with residual hearing. Further, postoperative CI is accompanied by an inflammatory response characterized by the upregulation of specific cytokines. Conclusion: Considering the neuroregenerative potential of PBM, its application as a neuroprotective strategy warrants further validation.
目的:光生物调节(PBM)是一种非侵入性治疗方式,可广泛应用于调节各种生物过程。尽管确切的作用机制仍不确定,但光生物调节可通过多种途径促进体内平衡,包括减少炎症和促进组织恢复。由于耳蜗毛细胞的再生能力有限,哺乳动物的听力损失是不可逆的。人工耳蜗通过电刺激听觉神经,绕过受损的毛细胞,为重度听力损失患者提供了一种解决方案。然而,术后炎症反应和耳蜗神经纤维损伤会影响植入效果。材料和方法:我们研究了当前最大限度减少人工耳蜗植入术后继发性耳蜗损伤的策略,并评估了 PBM 作为辅助治疗方法的潜力。结果PBM 的听觉细胞保护作用可显著提高 EAS 设备在残余听力患者中的性能。此外,术后 CI 还伴随着以特定细胞因子上调为特征的炎症反应。结论考虑到 PBM 的神经再生潜力,其作为神经保护策略的应用值得进一步验证。
{"title":"Photobiomodulation as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy to Improve Cochlear Implant Efficiency.","authors":"So-Young Chang, Min Young Lee","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0097","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2024.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality with widespread applications for modulating various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms of action remain uncertain, PBM promotes homeostasis through diverse pathways, including reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue recovery. Hearing loss is irreversible in mammals due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear hair cells. Cochlear implants offer a solution by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, bypassing damaged hair cells in individuals with severe hearing loss. However, postoperative inflammatory responses and cochlear nerve fiber damage can compromise implant efficacy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We investigated current strategies to minimize secondary cochlear damage after cochlear implantation and evaluated the potential of PBM as an adjuvant therapeutic approach. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The auditory cell protective effects of PBM could significantly enhance the performance of EAS devices in individuals with residual hearing. Further, postoperative CI is accompanied by an inflammatory response characterized by the upregulation of specific cytokines. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Considering the neuroregenerative potential of PBM, its application as a neuroprotective strategy warrants further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"663-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1089/pho.2024.0056
Zhi-Hua Zhang, Fei Luo, Ya-Shen Wang, Jian Li
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 180-W XPS Greenlight laser "Five-step" photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate volume (PV) > 80 mL. Background: In patients with BPH with large PV, PVP often results in bleeding, unclear visual field, additional damage, and insufficient tissue vaporization. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study enrolled patients with BPH with PV > 80 mL treated with the Five-step PVP or the Conventional PVP from January 2018 to June 2021. Comorbidities, high-risk habits, and operative parameters were analyzed and compared. The short-term functional outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded over the 24-month follow-up. Results: Two hundred eligible patients were divided into the Five-step PVP and Conventional PVP groups (n = 100 each). These groups showed no differences in comorbidities, living habits, baseline perioperative parameters, operative time, lasing time, or energy use. However, a higher energy density (3.95 [interquartile range (IQR) 3.37, 4.52] vs 3.68 [IQR 3.17, 4.20] kJ/mL) and energy-time ratio (7.23 [IQR 6.12, 8.52] vs 6.72 [IQR 5.51, 7.87] kj/min p = 0.034) were obtained in the Five-step PVP group. Subgroup analysis of patients with PV ≥120 mL showed similar results. The short-term functional outcomes were similar between the two study groups with significant improvement from baseline, but the total prostate-specific antigen levels at 1 and 6 months were lower in the Five-step PVP group. Further, incidences of intraoperative bleeding, bladder mucosa injury, postoperative hematuria, and urinary tract infection were lower in the Five-step PVP group. In the Conventional PVP group, four patients required conversion to transurethral resection of the prostate in surgery and two patients required retreatment during the 24-month follow-up. Conclusions: The 180-W XPS Greenlight laser Five-step PVP has advantages of less bleeding, high vaporization efficiency, and low rates of perioperative complications, and, therefore, it is a promising treatment to improve short-term functional outcomes for patients with BPH with large PV.
{"title":"\"Five-Step\" Vaporization of the Prostate Using 180-W XPS Greenlight Laser in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia of Large Volume: Improved Efficacy and Safety.","authors":"Zhi-Hua Zhang, Fei Luo, Ya-Shen Wang, Jian Li","doi":"10.1089/pho.2024.0056","DOIUrl":"10.1089/pho.2024.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 180-W XPS Greenlight laser \"Five-step\" photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostate volume (PV) > 80 mL. <b><i>Background:</i></b> In patients with BPH with large PV, PVP often results in bleeding, unclear visual field, additional damage, and insufficient tissue vaporization. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center, retrospective study enrolled patients with BPH with PV > 80 mL treated with the Five-step PVP or the Conventional PVP from January 2018 to June 2021. Comorbidities, high-risk habits, and operative parameters were analyzed and compared. The short-term functional outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded over the 24-month follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two hundred eligible patients were divided into the Five-step PVP and Conventional PVP groups (<i>n</i> = 100 each). These groups showed no differences in comorbidities, living habits, baseline perioperative parameters, operative time, lasing time, or energy use. However, a higher energy density (3.95 [interquartile range (IQR) 3.37, 4.52] vs 3.68 [IQR 3.17, 4.20] kJ/mL) and energy-time ratio (7.23 [IQR 6.12, 8.52] vs 6.72 [IQR 5.51, 7.87] kj/min <i>p</i> = 0.034) were obtained in the Five-step PVP group. Subgroup analysis of patients with PV ≥120 mL showed similar results. The short-term functional outcomes were similar between the two study groups with significant improvement from baseline, but the total prostate-specific antigen levels at 1 and 6 months were lower in the Five-step PVP group. Further, incidences of intraoperative bleeding, bladder mucosa injury, postoperative hematuria, and urinary tract infection were lower in the Five-step PVP group. In the Conventional PVP group, four patients required conversion to transurethral resection of the prostate in surgery and two patients required retreatment during the 24-month follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The 180-W XPS Greenlight laser Five-step PVP has advantages of less bleeding, high vaporization efficiency, and low rates of perioperative complications, and, therefore, it is a promising treatment to improve short-term functional outcomes for patients with BPH with large PV.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"708-715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study design: A quasi-experimental study utilized a matched-pair design, administering photobiomodulation at four-sites on one side of the body and assigning control to the other side at corresponding sites. Objectives: This study aimed to assess photobiomodulation treatment effects on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry in individuals with complete spinal cord injury (C.SCI) and osteoporosis. Methods: Eight patients received treatment at four-sites: forearm-mid-distal (MID), proximal-femur, distal-femur, and proximal-tibia, totaling 32 sites. Using an 830 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide semiconductor laser irradiation was administered three times weekly for 8 weeks. Different doses (energy density) were determined depending on bone depth from skin surface, as assessed by sonography and adjusted through irradiation time to be 8, 10, and 12 J/cm2 for depths <1 cm, between 1 and 1.5 cm, and >1.5 cm, respectively, using 200 mW power to deliver the optimal isodose of laser at each depth of bone within each therapeutic site. BMD was measured at baseline, week 8 of treatment, and week 15 of follow-up. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D and bone formation markers including osteocalcin and bone-alkaline-phosphatase (B-ALP) were also assessed at baseline and week 8 of treatment. Results: Significant increases in BMD were noted in proximal-femur and forearm-MID at both week 8 and week 15. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels significantly increased after treatment. However, no notable changes were observed in distal-femur and proximal-tibia BMD or in osteocalcin and B-ALP levels. Conclusions: Photobiomodulation (830 nm) laser demonstrated efficacy in improving BMD at proximal-femur and forearm-MID in individuals with C.SCI. Moreover, the observed positive influence on vitamin D levels suggests a potential photobiomodulation role, warranting further investigation.
{"title":"The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Vitamin D, and Bone Formation Markers in Individuals with Complete Spinal Cord Injuries with Osteoporosis.","authors":"Esmaeil Mohammadzadeh, Aref Hosseinian Amiri, Reza Fekrazad, Rainer A Leitgeb, Winfried Mayr, Kamran Ezzati","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0195","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2023.0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Study design:</i></b> A quasi-experimental study utilized a matched-pair design, administering photobiomodulation at four-sites on one side of the body and assigning control to the other side at corresponding sites. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aimed to assess photobiomodulation treatment effects on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry in individuals with complete spinal cord injury (C.SCI) and osteoporosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight patients received treatment at four-sites: forearm-mid-distal (MID), proximal-femur, distal-femur, and proximal-tibia, totaling 32 sites. Using an 830 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide semiconductor laser irradiation was administered three times weekly for 8 weeks. Different doses (energy density) were determined depending on bone depth from skin surface, as assessed by sonography and adjusted through irradiation time to be 8, 10, and 12 J/cm<sup>2</sup> for depths <1 cm, between 1 and 1.5 cm, and >1.5 cm, respectively, using 200 mW power to deliver the optimal isodose of laser at each depth of bone within each therapeutic site. BMD was measured at baseline, week 8 of treatment, and week 15 of follow-up. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D and bone formation markers including osteocalcin and bone-alkaline-phosphatase (B-ALP) were also assessed at baseline and week 8 of treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant increases in BMD were noted in proximal-femur and forearm-MID at both week 8 and week 15. Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels significantly increased after treatment. However, no notable changes were observed in distal-femur and proximal-tibia BMD or in osteocalcin and B-ALP levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Photobiomodulation (830 nm) laser demonstrated efficacy in improving BMD at proximal-femur and forearm-MID in individuals with C.SCI. Moreover, the observed positive influence on vitamin D levels suggests a potential photobiomodulation role, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"693-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0052
Merat Karimi, Ehsan Sadeghi, Mostafa Zahedifar, Hamed Mirzaei, Majid Nejati, Michael R Hamblin
Objective: The green synthesis of Tin(IV) oxide (SnO2): Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) using Teucrium polium medicinal plant extract was investigated, and the NPs were characterized and tested as photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: The cytotoxic effect on C26 cells was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) technique. The results showed their toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The green synthesis of SnO2:Au NPs was achieved for the first time using an extract of T. polium medicinal plant as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The produced NPs were examined for their application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Results: Methylene blue and anthracene were used to confirm that the photosensitizer could produce ROS when excited with UVA radiation. The anticancer activity of SnO2:Au was investigated in vitro using the C26 cell line and an MTT assay, showing that PDT with SnO2:Au NPs could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions: The significant afterglow of the SnO2:Au NPs could cause the generation of ROS to continue several minutes after switching off the light source.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Au-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Teucrium Polium</i> Extract with Potential Applications in Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Merat Karimi, Ehsan Sadeghi, Mostafa Zahedifar, Hamed Mirzaei, Majid Nejati, Michael R Hamblin","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The green synthesis of Tin(IV) oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>): Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) using <i>Teucrium polium</i> medicinal plant extract was investigated, and the NPs were characterized and tested as photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The cytotoxic effect on C26 cells was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) technique. The results showed their toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The green synthesis of SnO<sub>2</sub>:Au NPs was achieved for the first time using an extract of <i>T. polium</i> medicinal plant as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The produced NPs were examined for their application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Methylene blue and anthracene were used to confirm that the photosensitizer could produce ROS when excited with UVA radiation. The anticancer activity of SnO<sub>2</sub>:Au was investigated in vitro using the C26 cell line and an MTT assay, showing that PDT with SnO<sub>2</sub>:Au NPs could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The significant afterglow of the SnO<sub>2</sub>:Au NPs could cause the generation of ROS to continue several minutes after switching off the light source.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"643-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0155
Luiz Alcino Gueiros, Margherita Gobbo, Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Elisabetta Merigo, Wanessa Miranda-Silva, Eduardo Rodrigues Fregnani, Giulia Ottaviani, Elisa Kauark-Fontes, Rene-Jean Bensadoun, Praveen Arany
Objective: This study aimed to review the current body of literature on underexplored areas of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and/or treating oral adverse events. Background: Recent studies suggest that PBM may offer potential benefits in managing cancer-related toxicities other than oral mucositis. Nevertheless, further research to establish conclusive evidence is still missing. Methods: A panel of specialists conducted a narrative review to evaluate the evidence on PBM therapy for oral mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia, and trismus/fibrosis. Each topic was reviewed by two specialists who discussed treatment rationale, summarized current evidence, evaluated risk/benefit ratio, and identified future research directions. Results: The current evidence suggests promising outcomes in nonroutine uses of PBM for xerostomia, dysgeusia, odynophagia, oral mucositis (extraoral PBM and the pediatric population), and trismus/fibrosis. However, the primary studies are often small and may have biases that require further evaluation, particularly regarding treatment safety. Conclusion: Despite the overall positive impression of PBM therapy for oral adverse events of cancer treatment, robust evidence from large multicentered studies is necessary to support its widespread clinical use.
{"title":"Underexplored Areas of Photobiomodulation in Oral Oncology: An Expert Analysis.","authors":"Luiz Alcino Gueiros, Margherita Gobbo, Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Elisabetta Merigo, Wanessa Miranda-Silva, Eduardo Rodrigues Fregnani, Giulia Ottaviani, Elisa Kauark-Fontes, Rene-Jean Bensadoun, Praveen Arany","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to review the current body of literature on underexplored areas of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and/or treating oral adverse events. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent studies suggest that PBM may offer potential benefits in managing cancer-related toxicities other than oral mucositis. Nevertheless, further research to establish conclusive evidence is still missing. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A panel of specialists conducted a narrative review to evaluate the evidence on PBM therapy for oral mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia, and trismus/fibrosis. Each topic was reviewed by two specialists who discussed treatment rationale, summarized current evidence, evaluated risk/benefit ratio, and identified future research directions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The current evidence suggests promising outcomes in nonroutine uses of PBM for xerostomia, dysgeusia, odynophagia, oral mucositis (extraoral PBM and the pediatric population), and trismus/fibrosis. However, the primary studies are often small and may have biases that require further evaluation, particularly regarding treatment safety. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite the overall positive impression of PBM therapy for oral adverse events of cancer treatment, robust evidence from large multicentered studies is necessary to support its widespread clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"42 10","pages":"609-619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1089/pho.2024.0077
Fahad Alkhudhairy
Aim: To prepare experimental adhesive (EA) with 1% and without chitosan nanoparticles on dentin conditioned with a conventional technique phosphoric acid (PA) compared with two different contemporary techniques: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and femtosecond laser (FSL). Method: The methodology consisted of synthesis of EA and 1% chitosan-modified adhesive (CMA). Scanning electron microscopy, dentin adhesive interface assessment, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), degree of conversion (DC), and bond failure were assessed. Teeth were selected, disinfected, and mounted in acrylic up to the cementoenamel junction. Occlusal enamel was removed and teeth were randomly allocated into groups and conditioned. These included Group 1: samples treated with PA; Group 2: specimens conditioned with methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP) activated by PDT; and Group 3: samples conditioned with FSL. Following different conditioning regimes, specimens were bonded using 1% CMA and EA. The composite buildup was followed by SBS testing and a bond failure assessment. DC was assessed for both EA and CMA. Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the mean and standard deviation of SBS and DC in different experimental groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Dentin pretreated with etch and rinse demonstrated the highest bond strength with 1% CMA. Dentin conditioned with MBP activated by PDT and bonded to EA showed the lowest bond scores. Overall SBS values of 1% CMA were better than EA irrespective of the conditioning regime of dentin. The DC was higher in EA adhesive. This was followed by DC in 1% CMA. DC in EA was found to be comparable with 1% CMA. Conclusions: PA remains the gold standard for dentin conditioning. The incorporation of 1% chitosan in adhesive improves SBS and results in no change in DC. The use of FSL in dentin conditioning can be used as an alternative approach as it results in SBS within acceptable limits. The study was approved by the ethical board of King Saud University.
目的:制备含 1%和不含壳聚糖纳米颗粒的牙本质实验粘合剂(EA),并将其与两种不同的现代技术:光动力疗法(PDT)和飞秒激光(FSL)进行比较。方法:方法包括合成 EA 和 1%壳聚糖改性粘合剂(CMA)。对扫描电子显微镜、牙本质粘接界面评估、能量色散光谱、剪切粘接强度(SBS)、转换度(DC)和粘接失败进行评估。选取牙齿,进行消毒,并将其安装在丙烯酸树脂中,直至牙本质釉质交界处。去除咬合面珐琅质,将牙齿随机分配到不同的组别并进行调节。其中包括:第 1 组:用 PA 处理的样本;第 2 组:用亚甲基蓝光敏剂 (MBP) 激活 PDT 调理的样本;第 3 组:用 FSL 调理的样本。在采用不同的调节机制后,使用 1% CMA 和 EA 对试样进行粘合。复合材料堆积后进行 SBS 测试和粘接失效评估。对 EA 和 CMA 都进行了 DC 评估。采用方差分析和 Tukey 后验法比较不同实验组中 SBS 和 DC 的平均值和标准偏差,显著性水平为 p <0.05。结果经蚀刻和冲洗预处理的牙本质与 1% CMA 的粘接强度最高。用 PDT 激活的 MBP 调理牙本质并与 EA 粘接后,粘接得分最低。无论牙本质的调节机制如何,1% CMA 的总体 SBS 值都优于 EA。EA 粘合剂的 DC 值较高。其次是 1%CMA。发现 EA 中的 DC 与 1%CMA相当。结论:PA 仍是牙本质调节的黄金标准。在粘合剂中加入 1%的壳聚糖可提高 SBS,但不会改变 DC。在牙本质调节中使用 FSL 可作为一种替代方法,因为它能使 SBS 在可接受的范围内。该研究已获得沙特国王大学伦理委员会的批准。
{"title":"Experimental and Chitosan-Infused Adhesive with Dentin Pretreated with Femtosecond Laser, Methylene Blue-Activated Low-Level Laser, and Phosphoric Acid.","authors":"Fahad Alkhudhairy","doi":"10.1089/pho.2024.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/pho.2024.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Aim:</i></b> To prepare experimental adhesive (EA) with 1% and without chitosan nanoparticles on dentin conditioned with a conventional technique phosphoric acid (PA) compared with two different contemporary techniques: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and femtosecond laser (FSL). <b><i>Method:</i></b> The methodology consisted of synthesis of EA and 1% chitosan-modified adhesive (CMA). Scanning electron microscopy, dentin adhesive interface assessment, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), degree of conversion (DC), and bond failure were assessed. Teeth were selected, disinfected, and mounted in acrylic up to the cementoenamel junction. Occlusal enamel was removed and teeth were randomly allocated into groups and conditioned. These included Group 1: samples treated with PA; Group 2: specimens conditioned with methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP) activated by PDT; and Group 3: samples conditioned with FSL. Following different conditioning regimes, specimens were bonded using 1% CMA and EA. The composite buildup was followed by SBS testing and a bond failure assessment. DC was assessed for both EA and CMA. Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the mean and standard deviation of SBS and DC in different experimental groups, with a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Dentin pretreated with etch and rinse demonstrated the highest bond strength with 1% CMA. Dentin conditioned with MBP activated by PDT and bonded to EA showed the lowest bond scores. Overall SBS values of 1% CMA were better than EA irrespective of the conditioning regime of dentin. The DC was higher in EA adhesive. This was followed by DC in 1% CMA. DC in EA was found to be comparable with 1% CMA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PA remains the gold standard for dentin conditioning. The incorporation of 1% chitosan in adhesive improves SBS and results in no change in DC. The use of FSL in dentin conditioning can be used as an alternative approach as it results in SBS within acceptable limits. The study was approved by the ethical board of King Saud University.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"634-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0071
Juliano Abreu Pacheco, Kelly Fernanda Molena, Eugenia Velludo Veiga
Main: The pharmacological treatment of cancer can lead to undesirable hemodynamic adverse effects. Laser therapy may promote hemodynamic balance in these patients. This study aimed to analyze the values of the biomarkers ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (PCR_us) and Homocysteine (HCy) after the use of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in mastectomized patients using hormonal blockers Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors. Methods: This was an experimental, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with experimental (G1) and control (G2) groups. In G1, patients were irradiated with ILIB using a red laser at 660 nm on the carotid artery, while G2 received a placebo treatment. Blood collection for HCy and us-CRP biomarker evaluation was conducted monthly for 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed using R Studio 4.4.2 and JAMOVI, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 21 patients participated in the study, with 12 in G1 and 9 in G2. There were no differences in age, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the groups. The initial and final mean PCR_us levels for G1 were 6.8 and 3.8 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.2 and 12.1 µmol/L, respectively. While for G2 initial and final mean PCR_us levels were 9.40 and 7.60 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.33 and 16.69 µmol/L. There was no statistical difference for PCR_us. However, a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05) for HCy in the 3rd and 4th months. Conclusion: During ILIB Therapy, there was a reduction in HCy, which may favor the improvement of cardiovascular function in these patients undergoing anticancer therapies.
{"title":"Analysis of the Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Biomarkers after Photobiomodulation Therapy in Hormone Blocker-Treated Mastectomized Women: A Randomized, Blind, and Controlled Clinical Study.","authors":"Juliano Abreu Pacheco, Kelly Fernanda Molena, Eugenia Velludo Veiga","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0071","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2024.0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Main:</i></b> The pharmacological treatment of cancer can lead to undesirable hemodynamic adverse effects. Laser therapy may promote hemodynamic balance in these patients. This study aimed to analyze the values of the biomarkers ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (PCR_us) and Homocysteine (HCy) after the use of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in mastectomized patients using hormonal blockers Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was an experimental, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with experimental (G1) and control (G2) groups. In G1, patients were irradiated with ILIB using a red laser at 660 nm on the carotid artery, while G2 received a placebo treatment. Blood collection for HCy and us-CRP biomarker evaluation was conducted monthly for 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed using R Studio 4.4.2 and JAMOVI, with a significance level of 5%. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 21 patients participated in the study, with 12 in G1 and 9 in G2. There were no differences in age, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the groups. The initial and final mean PCR_us levels for G1 were 6.8 and 3.8 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.2 and 12.1 µmol/L, respectively. While for G2 initial and final mean PCR_us levels were 9.40 and 7.60 mg/dL, and for HCy were 14.33 and 16.69 µmol/L. There was no statistical difference for PCR_us. However, a significant difference between the groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for HCy in the 3rd and 4th months. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> During ILIB Therapy, there was a reduction in HCy, which may favor the improvement of cardiovascular function in these patients undergoing anticancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"42 10","pages":"620-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1089/pho.2023.0189
Ozgur Genc Sen, Ali Erdemir
Background and Objective: Eliminating intracanal Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is challenging because of its ability to penetrate deep dentinal tubules and its high resistance to many chemicals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of conventional needle irrigation and three different irrigant activation methods in reducing E. faecalis. Methods: The root canals of extracted teeth were shaped, contaminated with E. faecalis, and incubated for three weeks. They were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of 15 teeth each according to the final irrigation method: group 1, conventional needle irrigation; group 2, passive ultrasonic (PU) irrigation; group 3, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); and group 4, laser-activated (LA) irrigation. Bacterial samples were taken and cultured before and after these final irrigation procedures. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction percentages of each group were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnet tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: All irrigant activation methods were significantly more effective than conventional needle irrigation. Although the LA group generated more negative samples than PU, there was no statistically significant difference between the LA and PU groups. LA was significantly more effective than the XPF, whereas PU and XPF were statistically similar. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the final irrigation with LA and PU showed the best reductive effect on E. faecalis colonies. Considering that the LA group had more negative samples, it may be chosen as an alternative to enhance root canal disinfection, especially in difficult cases.
背景和目的:消灭牙槽骨内的粪肠球菌(E. faecalis)具有挑战性,因为它能够穿透深层牙本质小管,而且对许多化学物质具有很强的抵抗力。本研究评估了传统针头冲洗和三种不同冲洗剂激活方法在减少粪肠球菌方面的效果。方法:对拔牙的根管进行塑形,用粪大肠杆菌污染根管并培养三周。根据最终灌洗方法,将它们随机分配到四个实验组,每组 15 颗牙齿:第 1 组,传统针头灌洗;第 2 组,被动超声波(PU)灌洗;第 3 组,XP-endo Finisher(XPF);第 4 组,激光激活(LA)灌洗。在这些最终灌洗程序之前和之后采集细菌样本并进行培养。对菌落形成单位进行计数,并计算各组的细菌减少率。统计分析采用 Kruskal-Wallis 和 Dunnet 检验。结果所有灌流剂激活方法的效果都明显优于传统针头灌流法。虽然 LA 组比 PU 组产生更多的阴性样本,但 LA 组和 PU 组之间没有统计学意义上的显著差异。LA 明显比 XPF 更有效,而 PU 和 XPF 在统计学上相似。结论:在本研究的局限性范围内,LA 和 PU 的最终灌溉对粪大肠杆菌菌落的还原效果最好。考虑到 LA 组有更多的阴性样本,可以选择它作为加强根管消毒的替代方法,尤其是在疑难病例中。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Three Different Irrigant Activation Methods in the Elimination of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> from Root Canals.","authors":"Ozgur Genc Sen, Ali Erdemir","doi":"10.1089/pho.2023.0189","DOIUrl":"10.1089/pho.2023.0189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> Eliminating intracanal <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) is challenging because of its ability to penetrate deep dentinal tubules and its high resistance to many chemicals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of conventional needle irrigation and three different irrigant activation methods in reducing <i>E. faecalis</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The root canals of extracted teeth were shaped, contaminated with <i>E. faecalis</i>, and incubated for three weeks. They were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of 15 teeth each according to the final irrigation method: group 1, conventional needle irrigation; group 2, passive ultrasonic (PU) irrigation; group 3, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); and group 4, laser-activated (LA) irrigation. Bacterial samples were taken and cultured before and after these final irrigation procedures. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction percentages of each group were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnet tests were used for statistical analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All irrigant activation methods were significantly more effective than conventional needle irrigation. Although the LA group generated more negative samples than PU, there was no statistically significant difference between the LA and PU groups. LA was significantly more effective than the XPF, whereas PU and XPF were statistically similar. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Within the limitations of this study, the final irrigation with LA and PU showed the best reductive effect on <i>E. faecalis</i> colonies. Considering that the LA group had more negative samples, it may be chosen as an alternative to enhance root canal disinfection, especially in difficult cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"628-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2023.","authors":"James D Carroll","doi":"10.1089/pho.2024.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2024.0087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"42 10","pages":"660-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0012
Jingchen Jia, Mingzhu Feng, Ping Wang, Jing Lv, Wenbin Wang, Bin Ma, Hongshi Li
Venous malformation is acongenital vascular system structure malformation caused by abnormal vascular endothelial cell morphology, which can occur in any tissue or organ of the oral and maxillofacial region. Laser treatment is currently a commonly used minimally invasive treatment. In this case, the patient with congenital multiple venous malformation was treated with Nd:YAG laser for the visible submucosal part, and the subcutaneous part under the chin tip was treated with ultrasound. The chin tip was treated with ultrasound guided by the chair to achieve the purpose of minimally invasive laser treatment. In this case's diagnosis and treatment process, we hope to provide a new idea for laser treatment of oromaxillofacial vein malformations.
{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Nd:YAG Laser Intervention in the Orofacial Region: Report of a Case of Multi-Focal Venous Malformation.","authors":"Jingchen Jia, Mingzhu Feng, Ping Wang, Jing Lv, Wenbin Wang, Bin Ma, Hongshi Li","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venous malformation is acongenital vascular system structure malformation caused by abnormal vascular endothelial cell morphology, which can occur in any tissue or organ of the oral and maxillofacial region. Laser treatment is currently a commonly used minimally invasive treatment. In this case, the patient with congenital multiple venous malformation was treated with Nd:YAG laser for the visible submucosal part, and the subcutaneous part under the chin tip was treated with ultrasound. The chin tip was treated with ultrasound guided by the chair to achieve the purpose of minimally invasive laser treatment. In this case's diagnosis and treatment process, we hope to provide a new idea for laser treatment of oromaxillofacial vein malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"653-659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}