Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with transurethral photoselective vaporization of bladder tumors (PVBT), followed by postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in the treatment of T3 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, also known as trimodal therapy (TMT), is the recommended bladder-preserving approach for MIBC and has demonstrated favorable outcomes in T2 MIBC. However, T3 MIBC remains a challenging candidate for TMT due to its relatively poor prognosis. Therefore, optimizing the "triple therapy" strategy for T3 MIBC is essential. Methods: This was a retrospective case series. Patients with T3 MIBC who underwent preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with PVBT, followed by postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. Tumor response after neoadjuvant radiotherapy, the incidence of PVBT-related complications, and adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were assessed. Tumor recurrence and survival outcomes were monitored through outpatient follow-ups and telephone consultations. Risk factors for recurrence were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: A total of 48 patients were included. Four weeks after neoadjuvant radiotherapy, complete response, partial response, stable disease, and disease progression were observed in 3 (6.3%), 23 (47.9%), 20 (41.7%), and 2 (4.2%) patients, respectively. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 54.2% and 95.8%, respectively. Radiation- or chemotherapy-related toxicity occurred in 23 patients (47.9%), all of whom experienced only grade I-II adverse effects, with no grade III-IV toxicity reported. During a follow-up period of 14-58 months, 22 patients (45.83%) experienced recurrence, and 3 patients died due to distant organ metastases. Multi-variate Cox regression analysis identified tumor diameter (≤3.0 cm vs. >3.0 cm) and tumor multiplicity (single vs. multiple) as significant risk factors for recurrence. Conclusions: Preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with PVBT, followed by postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for T3 MIBC.

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe inflammatory and ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa commonly induced by chemotherapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been proposed for preventing and treating OM. However, the understanding of light interaction with biological tissues and the variability in light sources and protocols limit its widespread application. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBM on salivary nitrite levels, a marker of oxidative stress associated with inflammation and tissue damage. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial included 45 patients, evenly divided into three age- and sex-matched groups. Group 1 received basic oral care instructions prior to chemotherapy. Group 2 received these instructions plus PBM using a 650 nm intraoral diode laser. Group 3 received basic oral care instructions combined with PBM using both a 650 nm intraoral diode laser and a 980 nm extraoral diode laser. OM severity was assessed using World Health Organization criteria, and salivary nitrite levels were measured using the Griess reagent kit (Biotium®) according to the manufacturer's instructions 1 and 2 weeks after the first chemotherapy session. Results: Our study included 45 patients who were evenly distributed into three groups, matched for age, sex, tumor type, and type of chemotherapy. Significant differences in OM severity were observed among the groups at both 1 and 2 weeks (p = 0.000). Salivary nitrite levels also showed significant differences between groups at these time points (p = 0.00). Significant differences were found between the control group and both laser treatment groups, but no significant difference was noted between the two laser treatment groups. Conclusions: PBM effectively reduces OM severity, whether used intraorally alone or combined with extraoral application. This effect is likely due to PBM's ability to lower salivary nitrite levels, indicating reduced oxidative stress and inflammation.

Background: A growingAQ3 number of investigations have demonstrated promising outcomes related to the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dentistry. PDT involves the application of light and photosensitizer (PS) or photoactive dye that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) on irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength to be absorbed by the PS. Results and Conclusion: ROS initiates a series of biological and photochemical processes that lead to irreversible damage resulting in the death of microbes. Several light-absorbing dyes have been used in the literature as potential PS for PDT and varying wavelengths have been evaluated. Different outcomes, limitations, and suggestions have been mentioned by various researchers, hence, this review aimed to identify several oral conditions and diseases where PDT could be utilized efficaciously as the sole therapy or as an adjunctive modality and assess from numerous published literature whether PDT exerts a significant influence on the treatment of oral conditions and diseases.

Objective: Bibliometric study of intense pulsed light (IPL) for dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) to characterize current worldwide patterns and offer visual representations of previous and emerging trends. Background: DED is a prevalent eye condition and IPL has been reported to be an effective therapy for dry eyes. Method: This cross-sectional study examined IPL for DED research evolution and theme trends from 2015 to 2024, using bibliometric analysis of WoSCC data. We examined 4334 IPL articles for publication year, journals, authors, institutions, countries/regions, references, and keywords. Results: We found 111 articles from 2015 to 2024 articles and the annual publication rate was less than 10 from 2015 to 2017, but has steadily increased after 2018. Global publication volumes have increased by 1300% in the past decade, from 2 in 2015 to 28 in 2022. Currently, the number of articles stands at 10 in 2024. IPL for DED was published in 43 journals. Currently, the top journals publishing on this topic according to volume include Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Journal of Clinical Medicine, and Cornea. Conclusions: The number of publications and citations on research related to IPL for DED treatment has steadily increased across numerous countries, institutions, and authors over the past decade. The current study illuminates the current trends, global collaboration patterns, fundamental knowledge, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers of IPL treatment. The primary focus now has been the development of innovative solutions for the treatment of DED and MGD by combining IPL with presenting DED treatment regime.

Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising multifunctional nanocarriers in cancer therapy due to their high porosity, tunable architecture, and ability to integrate dual treatment modalities. Objective: Among these, MOF-based chemo-photothermal therapy (CPTT) has gained significant attention as it enhances the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy through localized hyperthermia, thereby overcoming drug resistance and improving tumor targeting. Materials and Methods: MOFs can encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents while simultaneously acting as photothermal conversion agents upon near-infrared irradiation. Results: This mini-review explores the recent advancements in MOF-based CPTT, highlighting key developments such as stimuli-responsive drug release, metal-enhanced photothermal effects, and hybrid MOF nanostructures. Furthermore, we discuss their potential for theranostic applications, integrating imaging and therapy, and address the key challenges associated with biocompatibility, stability, and clinical translation. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility, and remarkable targeting make the system as dual system for theranostics as well as targeting purpose. Conclusions: The future of MOF-based CPTT lies in the development of biodegradable, targeted, and multifunctional MOFs, offering a pathway toward personalized, precision-driven oncological treatments.

Background: Paradoxical darkening is a well-known complication with laser therapy for tattoos. However, there are limited reports of other color shifts after treating tattoos with laser. The aim of this study is to characterize cases of unusual eyebrow tattoo color change after laser. Methods: All cases of eyebrow tattoo color change after laser therapy from two dermatology clinics were reviewed. Results: A total of 10 females with unusual lighter color change after laser were identified. This was noticed by all patients within a few days after the first laser session. The color shift occurred after picosecond (PS) 755 nm (n = 5), PS 1064 nm (n = 4), and Q-switched 1064 nm (n = 1) laser therapy. The initial color shift was red or orange-red in eight patients and yellow in two patients. Treatment of color change was performed in six patients, with significant improvement. Two were treated with PS 755 nm laser and four were treated with PS 532 nm laser. After the first PS 532 nm laser session, the tattoo turned yellow in three patients. None of the patients developed paradoxical darkening of the light-colored tattoo after additional laser treatment. Conclusions: Some eyebrow tattoos might turn red, orange, or yellow after laser therapy. This color shift usually responds to subsequent therapy with PS 532 nm laser.

Background: Nosocomial wound infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a serious complication often responsible for septic mortality of burn patients. High-intensity antimicrobial blue light (aBL) treatment may represent an alternative therapy for PA infections. Methods: Antibacterial effects of an light-emitting diode (LED) array (450-460 nm; 300 mW/cm²; 15/30 min; 270/540J/cm²) against PA were determined by suspension assay, biofilm assay, and a human skin wound model and compared with 15-min topically applied 3% citric acid (CA) and wound irrigation solution (Prontosan^®; PRT). Results: The aBL reduced the bacterial number (2.51-3.56 log₁₀ CFU/mL), whereas PRT or CA treatment achieved a 4.64 or 6.60 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction in suspension assays. The aBL reduced biofilm formation by 60%-66%. PRT or CA treatment showed reductions by 25% or 13%. In this study, aBL reduced bacterial number in biofilms (1.30-1.64 log₁₀ CFU), but to a lower extent than PRT (2.41 log₁₀ CFU) or CA (2.48 log₁₀ CFU). In the wound skin model, aBL (2.21-2.33 log₁₀ CFU) showed a bacterial reduction of the same magnitude as PRT (2.26 log₁₀ CFU) and CA (2.30 log₁₀ CFU). Conclusions: The aBL showed a significant antibacterial efficacy against PA and biofilm formation in a short time. However, a clinical application of aBL in wound therapy requires effective active skin cooling and eye protection, which in turn may limit clinical implementation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of laser-treated enamel surface roughness on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: A total of 176 premolars extracted for subtractive orthodontic treatment were collected. Samples were randomly divided into four groups: control group, 35% phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser, Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Surface roughness was detected using three-dimensional white light interferometric surface topography (n = 8/group), and surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope [(SEM), n = 8/group]. Samples were cultured in S. mutans solution for 12 h, 1 day, and 2 days. The colony forming units on the enamel surface were calculated (n = 8 per time point). The biofilm and activity of S. mutans were observed by SEM (n = 2/group) and confocal laser scanning microscope (n = 2/group). Correlation analysis was carried out between bacterial adhesion on the enamel surface at different time points and the surface roughness of the enamel treated by different methods. Results: After Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching, the surface roughness of enamel increased (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in S. mutans adhesion and biofilm morphology after 1 day compared with traditional phosphoric acid etching (p > 0.05). S. mutans adhesion was positively correlated with the enamel roughness in the early stage. Conclusions: Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching may be an alternative to traditional phosphoric acid etching.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of water mist flow rate on the energy stability of Erbium - doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser and ablation of bone. Materials and Methods: The pig tibiae surface was ablated with Er:YAG laser (100 mJ, 20 Hz, 100 μs) at the flow rate of water mist of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 mL/min, respectively, for 1 min each. An energy meter was used to record the energy of each laser pulse under different water mist flow rates. A thermocouple was inserted into the bone marrow cavity to record the temperature changes. Infrared thermography, stereomicroscope, and electronic balance were employed to record the surface temperature, morphology, and mass changes, respectively. Results: As the water mist flow rate escalates, the laser energy experiences a notable attenuation of 27.4%, and the stability parameter Root Mean Square (RMS) escalates by a factor of 30. Despite the relatively minor temperature change within the bone marrow cavity, obviously different surface morphologies are evident. In cases where water mist is less than 3 mL/min, the surface temperature soars, resulting in carbonization. Conversely, when the water mist is greater than 9 mL/min, the ablating mass deteriorates significantly, to merely 25.2% of the value without water mist cooling. Conclusions: The water mist can affect the laser energy reaching the bone surface and its stability. When the water mist is insufficient, surface temperatures rise, causing carbonization. Conversely, it significantly reduces the ablating mass. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust the amount of water mist appropriately in erbium laser ablated bone. Given such large fluctuations in laser energy, the accuracy of erbium laser bone ablation is dramatically reduced, and the use of water mist cooling should be carefully considered.

Background: Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless structures formed through liquid-liquid phase separation in response to cellular stress. These dynamic assemblies play a pivotal role in cellular adaptation and recovery from external stressors by modulating protein synthesis and preserving mRNA integrity, thereby influencing various cellular biological processes. Their significance has been demonstrated in diverse phenomena, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, cellular senescence, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: This narrative review focuses on SGs and ultraviolet-induced SGs (UV SGs), examining their composition, formation mechanisms, and potential functions in the pathogenesis of various dermatological conditions, and explores the implications of UV SGs in cutaneous inflammation, immune-mediated skin disorders, dermatological malignancies, and pigmentary abnormalities. Methods: We conducted a literature search of relevant publications from the inception of the Web of Science and CNKI databases up to 2024. The search terms included "Stress Granules," "Ultraviolet Stress Granules," "Phase Separation," "Cellular Stress Response," and "Skin Diseases." High-quality articles were included after rigorous screening. Conclusions: In conclusion, this review aims to provide novel perspectives and targeted strategies for both clinical management and fundamental biological research in the field of dermatology.