Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

Introduction: The opioid crisis, a declared national health emergency, has prompted the exploration of innovative treatments to address the pervasive issues of opioid cravings and associated depression. Aims: This pilot cohort study investigated the efficacy of transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) therapy using the SunPowerLED helmet to alleviate these symptoms in individuals undergoing treatment for opioid addiction at a rehabilitation center in West Virginia. Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design, this study enrolled participants into two groups: one receiving tPBM therapy alongside standard care and a control group receiving standard care alone. The helmet features include the following: total wavelength = 810 nm, total irradiance = 0.06 W/cm² (60 m W/cm²), and total fluence = 172.8J/cm². Results: The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests for between-group comparisons revealed statistically significant reductions in the intensity (W = 7.36, p = 0.012), time (W = 6.50, p = 0.015), frequency (W = 6.50, p = 0.010), and total scores of opioid cravings (W = 7.50, p = 0.009), as well as improvements in depression symptoms (W= 8.00, p = 0.005) within the PBM group compared to the non-PBM group. Discussion: These findings suggest that transcranial PBM therapy could be a promising noninvasive intervention for reducing opioid cravings and depressive symptoms in individuals with opioid use disorder, warranting further investigation through larger randomized controlled trials.

Aims: To evaluate hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), as an antibacterial agent when integrated in self-etch (SE) adhesive. Blue light activated HA-Ag hybrid NP incorporation on mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Method: Eighty primary molar teeth have carious lesions reaching the dentin but not involving the pulp. The infected dentin was removed and carious-affected dentin (CAD) was preserved. Forty samples were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. All primary teeth (n = 80) were allocated into four groups based on the incorporation of HA-Ag hybrid NPs in different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). Group 1: 0% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 2: 1% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 3: 5 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, and group 4: 10 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer. The survival rate assessment of S. mutans was conducted on 40 inoculated samples. On the remaining primary teeth (n = 40), Clearfil SE bonding agent was applied uniformly via a blue light source. The composite buildup was performed on the samples and μTBS and failure analysis assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to assess DC. Survival rates of S. mutans and μTBS among the tested groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: 10 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer exhibited the highest level of antibacterial efficacy (0.14 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) against S. mutans. The highest μTBS (18.38 ± 0.78 MPa) at the composite/CAD interface was in group 2 (1 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source). The highest DC was observed in the control group with Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source. Conclusion: 1 wt% HA-Ag hybrid NPs showed enhanced antibacterial effectiveness, DC, and bond strength of the SE adhesive to the primary CAD.

Background: Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a widely used noninvasive treatment because of photobiomodulation effects, its application for xerostomia remained uncertain. Tight junctions (TJs), mainly composed of claudins, occludin, and ZO family members, are crucial structures that determine material transport through paracellular pathway in salivary gland epithelial cells. This work aimed to investigate whether LLLT affected salivary secretion through epithelial TJs. Methods: Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement and paracellular permeability assay were applied to evaluate paracellular permeability in submandibular gland (SMG)-C6 cells after irradiation with 540 nm green light. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the expression of TJ proteins. Quantitative phosphoproteomics were performed to explore possible intracellular signals. Results: We found that irradiation with 540 nm green light significantly decreased TER values while increased paracellular transport in SMG-C6 cells. 540 nm green light-induced redistribution of claudin-1, -3, and -4, but not occludin or ZO-1. Moreover, above phenomena were abolished by preincubation with capsazepine, an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1. Notably, irradiation with 540 nm green light on the skin covering the whole submandibular gland regions promoted salivary secretion and attenuated lymphocytic infiltration in 21-week-old non-obese diabetic mice (n = 5 per group), a xerostomia animal model for Sjögren's syndrome. Through in-depth bioinformatics analysis and expression verification, ERK1/2 and EphA2 served as potential canonical and noncanonical signals underlying 540 nm green light. Conclusions: Our findings uncovered the novel therapeutic effects of 540 nm green light on xerostomia through regulation on the expression and distribution of TJs.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapy that was gradually established as a first-line treatment for vascular abnormalities. Its action depends on the appropriate wavelength of light and photosensitizer to produce toxic oxygen species and cause cell death. Objective: Several new clinical improvements and trends in PDT have been described in recent years. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current data from clinical trials. Methods: In this review, we introduce and generalize the wavelength, duration, dose, strength, and photosensitizer of PDT for the treatment of vascular abnormalities, such as circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas (CCH), choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and capillary malformation (CM). Results: The systematic review findings indicate that the application of PDT is a safe effective method to treat CCH, CNV and CM. However, PDT also has early onset side effects and late onset side effects. Conclusions: Based on the discussion of the effectiveness of PDT, we conclude that PDT has great potential for clinical use, although PDT has possible side effects.

Objectives: In this work we demonstrate the first laboratory study results of lens fragmentation with low-energy picosecond ultrashort laser pulses after artificial induction of cataract with microwave radiation on an ex vivo animal model. Background: This method will be evaluated with regard to the further development of lens fragmentation with novel ultrashort picosecond laser systems instead of ultrasonic phacoemulsification or the significantly more complex femtosecond laser fragmentation. Methods: As samples we used postmortem porcine eyes. The lenses were dissected and then irradiated in a microwave oven for artificial cataract induction. Subsequent computer-driven lens fragmentation was performed with a 12 ps, 1064 nm pulsed laser source with 100 µJ pulse energy, and 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. Results: Both the artificial cataract induction and the lens fragmentation were demonstrated. When inducing cataract, different degrees/stages of opaqueness and hardness could be achieved with different irradiation times and methods. The fragmentation with 12 ps pulses led to good results with regard to ablation depth and rate, especially for the softer lenses. Conclusions: As could be shown, low-energy picosecond ultrashort laser pulses are feasible for cataractous lens fragmentation on an ex vivo animal model with artificial cataract induction. Thus, this technique may influence future cataract surgeries by possibly being an alternative or extension to state-of-the-art methods. This will be evaluated with further tests and studies.

Background: Third molar removal is the primary reason for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage, with 2% causing persistent neurosensory deficits. This study aimed to investigate how delayed photobiomodulation therapy affects long-lasting neurosensory disturbances. Methods: This study was conducted on patients with neurosensory disturbances lasting longer than 6 months. Patients were randomly allocated to the study and control groups, with the study group receiving a low-power diode laser (continuous wavelength of 810 nm, power of 200 mW) on 16 points (30 sec at each) for 12 sessions (2 sessions/week), while the control group received a placebo treatment by switched-off laser probe. Visual analog scale (VAS; ranging from 1 to 5), static light touch, two-point discrimination, direction discrimination, pinprick, and thermal discrimination tests were performed on each visit up to 9 months post-therapy to evaluate the recovery status. Results: Each group comprised 18 participants. The mean time since injury was 8.26 ± 2.05 and 8.38 ± 1.98 months for the control and intervention groups, respectively (p = 0.81). There was a significant improvement in the intervention group on the static light touch (p = 0.041), two-point discrimination (p = 0.028), VAS (p = 0.031), and pinprick (p = 0.014) tests on the 11th session and subsequent visits and also on direction discrimination test on the 12th session (p = 0.044) and after that. There was no significant difference in the thermal discrimination tests between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Photobiomodulation demonstrated potential benefits in resolving persistent neurosensory deficits of the IAN, with noticeable improvements typically observed after around 35 days of treatment initiation (10 sessions).

Background: Modern dentistry has increasingly valued conservative and biologically less invasive clinical practices, seeking to preserve the patients' tissues and natural dental elements. Most extractions in the dental clinic are preceded by periodontal disease that presents bone and gingival tissue loss, compromising the aesthetics as well as the support of dental elements. Objectives: The clinical approach in these cases often involves bone exertion followed by the successful installation of osseointegrated implants. Material and Methods: In this study, a case of extensive periodontal involvement and mobility of dental elements was carried out in a minimally invasive way, using the Er:YAG laser for periodontal decontamination and the hemolasertherapy technique to regenerate adjacent tissues, totaling nine weeks of treatment. Results: Clinical and radiographical improvement of tissue health and complete preservation of dental elements were observed. Conclusion: The patient underwent a follow-up appointment 2 years after the start of treatment when it was still possible to verify the stability of the clinical condition and the tissue gains obtained.