Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.14
Xiaohong Wu, Huiling Song, A. Sui, Xinyun Zhao, Hongtao Zhang
Background. Although the traditional Chinese medicine Prunella vulgaris may be effective in treating lymphoma, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of Prunella vulgaris against lymphoma by combining network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The potential active ingredients of Prunella vulgaris were queried in the TCMSP database. Lymphoma-related genes were searched in the DisgeNet database. After removing the duplicates, the remaining active targets were compared with lymphoma genes to obtain the key target and analyzed using a Venn map. Building a network of protein interactions through String platforms. The GO and KEGG databases were used for enrichment analysis of the key targets with the help of the DAVID analysis platform. Results. A total of 39 potentially active components and 125 targets were identified from Prunella vulgaris, 7592 lymphoma-related target genes, and 101 key target genes for the intersection of Prunella vulgaris and lymphoma. GO entries were related to biological processes including enzyme binding, protein binding, positive regulation of transcription, regulation of cell proliferation, and negative regulation of cell death. KEGG analysis identified the signalling pathways of HIF-1, estrogen, NOD-like receptors, PI3K-Akt, and TNF. The binding between the selected compounds and the target molecules was modelled by molecular docking. Conclusion. Through network pharmacology, it is predicted that Prunella vulgaris may regulate multiple signalling pathways through numerous targets, and thereby affect the functions of multiple cells and playing a role in the treatment of lymphoma.
{"title":"To Explore the Mechanism of Prunella Vulgaris on Lymphoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking","authors":"Xiaohong Wu, Huiling Song, A. Sui, Xinyun Zhao, Hongtao Zhang","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Although the traditional Chinese medicine Prunella vulgaris may be effective in treating lymphoma, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of Prunella vulgaris against lymphoma by combining network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The potential active ingredients of Prunella vulgaris were queried in the TCMSP database. Lymphoma-related genes were searched in the DisgeNet database. After removing the duplicates, the remaining active targets were compared with lymphoma genes to obtain the key target and analyzed using a Venn map. Building a network of protein interactions through String platforms. The GO and KEGG databases were used for enrichment analysis of the key targets with the help of the DAVID analysis platform. Results. A total of 39 potentially active components and 125 targets were identified from Prunella vulgaris, 7592 lymphoma-related target genes, and 101 key target genes for the intersection of Prunella vulgaris and lymphoma. GO entries were related to biological processes including enzyme binding, protein binding, positive regulation of transcription, regulation of cell proliferation, and negative regulation of cell death. KEGG analysis identified the signalling pathways of HIF-1, estrogen, NOD-like receptors, PI3K-Akt, and TNF. The binding between the selected compounds and the target molecules was modelled by molecular docking. Conclusion. Through network pharmacology, it is predicted that Prunella vulgaris may regulate multiple signalling pathways through numerous targets, and thereby affect the functions of multiple cells and playing a role in the treatment of lymphoma.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79954748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.12
Huayue Cong, A. Sui, Liuyi Yang, Huiling Song, Jing Zhao, Yong Liu, Mingming Zhang, Weiliang He
Background and objective: Inflammatory factors are associated with tumour initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. It is a potential prognostic factor for multiple solid tumours. Such as cholangiocarcinoma, bladder cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and so on. However, there is no clear evidence that elevation of the systemic inflammatory marker, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), has this type of predictive value in patients with glioma. This meta-analysis aimed to explored the prognostic significance of the preoperative inflammatory marker PLR in patients with glioma. Methods: Systematic retrieval of articles published between the time of their conception and September 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases, A meta-analysis was performed via Review Manager 5.3, using the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall survival (OS) to assess the predictive significance of PLR in patients with glioma. Result: We selected nine studies and showed that in patients with glioma, increased PLR was correlated with poor OS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09–1.71, P = 0.007, I2 = 55%). By analysing the I2, we estimated moderate heterogeneity in several of the published articles that were incorporated. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides evidence that increased PLR is correlated with poor OS in patients with glioma cancer.
{"title":"Prognostic Significance of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Gliomas: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Huayue Cong, A. Sui, Liuyi Yang, Huiling Song, Jing Zhao, Yong Liu, Mingming Zhang, Weiliang He","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Inflammatory factors are associated with tumour initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. It is a potential prognostic factor for multiple solid tumours. Such as cholangiocarcinoma, bladder cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and so on. However, there is no clear evidence that elevation of the systemic inflammatory marker, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), has this type of predictive value in patients with glioma. This meta-analysis aimed to explored the prognostic significance of the preoperative inflammatory marker PLR in patients with glioma. Methods: Systematic retrieval of articles published between the time of their conception and September 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases, A meta-analysis was performed via Review Manager 5.3, using the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall survival (OS) to assess the predictive significance of PLR in patients with glioma. Result: We selected nine studies and showed that in patients with glioma, increased PLR was correlated with poor OS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09–1.71, P = 0.007, I2 = 55%). By analysing the I2, we estimated moderate heterogeneity in several of the published articles that were incorporated. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides evidence that increased PLR is correlated with poor OS in patients with glioma cancer.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83962257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.11
R. Tanwar, B. Saxena, M. Tanwar, Abhirup Chatterjee, H. Goyal, Naveen R. Saxena, Raghuveer Singh, Madhu Saxena, U. Shukla
Introduction: The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a serious public health concern in India and around the world at large. Malignancy is frequent among people living with HIV (PLWH) has become the leading cause of death. The incidence of malignancy among PLWH depends on various factors; virological control under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the exposure to oncogenic virus is of utmost importance, which can be prevented with the implementation of specific screening programs. Drug-drug interactions between cART and oncologic treatments can lead to serious adverse effects or to a reduction in the therapeutic effects requiring close monitoring. Methods: This is a single center retrospective study conducted on 42 seropositive patients attending a tertiary care oncology department from July 2005 to June 2021 to assess the demographic profile; laboratory investigations, clinico-pathological correlation, treatment outcome and survival follow up. Results: A total of 26410 patients were registered in the department during this period, out of which 42 (0.16%) were found to be HIV positive. These included head & neck -13; uterine cervix-7; lung -4; esophagus-4; NHL-4; recto sigmoid -3; breast-3; gall bladder; endometrium, choriocarcinoma (CCA) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) one each. Conclusion; Seropositive patients often present in advanced stage of disease but have a good prognosis if treated appropriately with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Very few studies have been published in India regarding the incidence of malignancy in HIV patients credited as one of the largest study published till date.
{"title":"Spectrum of HIV Associated Malignancies: A Retrospective Study of 42 Patients over a Period of 16 Years Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"R. Tanwar, B. Saxena, M. Tanwar, Abhirup Chatterjee, H. Goyal, Naveen R. Saxena, Raghuveer Singh, Madhu Saxena, U. Shukla","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a serious public health concern in India and around the world at large. Malignancy is frequent among people living with HIV (PLWH) has become the leading cause of death. The incidence of malignancy among PLWH depends on various factors; virological control under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the exposure to oncogenic virus is of utmost importance, which can be prevented with the implementation of specific screening programs. Drug-drug interactions between cART and oncologic treatments can lead to serious adverse effects or to a reduction in the therapeutic effects requiring close monitoring. Methods: This is a single center retrospective study conducted on 42 seropositive patients attending a tertiary care oncology department from July 2005 to June 2021 to assess the demographic profile; laboratory investigations, clinico-pathological correlation, treatment outcome and survival follow up. Results: A total of 26410 patients were registered in the department during this period, out of which 42 (0.16%) were found to be HIV positive. These included head & neck -13; uterine cervix-7; lung -4; esophagus-4; NHL-4; recto sigmoid -3; breast-3; gall bladder; endometrium, choriocarcinoma (CCA) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) one each. Conclusion; Seropositive patients often present in advanced stage of disease but have a good prognosis if treated appropriately with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Very few studies have been published in India regarding the incidence of malignancy in HIV patients credited as one of the largest study published till date.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80753026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.11648/j.crj.20210902.16
Shukaib Arslan, A. Herrera, M. A. Malki
The programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways are inhibitory immune checkpoints involved in the escape of cancer cells from the immune system. Inhibition of these immune checkpoints can lead to the induction of body’s immune response to these cancer cells. To activate the immune system against the tumor cells, various monoclonal antibodies targeting these pathways have been developed. Many of such antibodies have been approved for therapy in solid tumor malignancies and now some hematological malignancies. Here, we review the available data regarding the response to PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathway blockade in hematological malignancies including Hodgin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymhoma, multiple myeloma and myeloid neoplasms as well as before and after hematopoietic cell transplantation. We also discuss the specific concerns and differences related to their use in hematological malignancies (HMs) as compared to solid tumors.
{"title":"The Landscape of Checkpoint Inhibition in the Management of Hematological Malignancies","authors":"Shukaib Arslan, A. Herrera, M. A. Malki","doi":"10.11648/j.crj.20210902.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20210902.16","url":null,"abstract":"The programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) pathways are inhibitory immune checkpoints involved in the escape of cancer cells from the immune system. Inhibition of these immune checkpoints can lead to the induction of body’s immune response to these cancer cells. To activate the immune system against the tumor cells, various monoclonal antibodies targeting these pathways have been developed. Many of such antibodies have been approved for therapy in solid tumor malignancies and now some hematological malignancies. Here, we review the available data regarding the response to PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathway blockade in hematological malignancies including Hodgin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymhoma, multiple myeloma and myeloid neoplasms as well as before and after hematopoietic cell transplantation. We also discuss the specific concerns and differences related to their use in hematological malignancies (HMs) as compared to solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"131 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91453664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.11648/j.crj.20210902.15
P. Osho, Okunnuga Ndidi, Ojo Matilda, Odunlade Olufunke
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a triphasic clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of Philadelphi a chromosome (Ph) in over 95% of cases alongside excessive accumulation of clonal myeloid cells in hematopoietic tissues. This occurs as a result of reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosome 9 and 22 t (9;22) (q34; q11) creating the fusion oncogene BCR–ABL1 which exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. It is one of the commonest haematological malignancies in low economies around the world including Nigeria. The clinical features of CML are often described in 3 phases namely the chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), and blastic phase (BP) while CP is the most common stage with progression to AP and BP occurring later. Despite that, prognosis of CML is dependent on phase of disease, age, and response to therapy, the only curative approach in use currently is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with other drugs being used for cytogenetic responses. This study focuses on the aetiopathophysiology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, clinical/laboratory features and treatment options of CML. Rigorous review of literature on the study was retrieved from relevant oncology journals and textbooks abstracted and indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Science Direct. The study discovered that, resistance of CML to imatinib has been reported with research having reached the advanced stage on the use of alternative drugs (e.g., Nilotinib and Desatinib). There are also potentials for these new drugs to become the treatment choice and first line drugs for the treatment of CML.
{"title":"Pathosphysiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Prognistic Factors and Emerging Treatment Options in a Low Resource Economy","authors":"P. Osho, Okunnuga Ndidi, Ojo Matilda, Odunlade Olufunke","doi":"10.11648/j.crj.20210902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20210902.15","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a triphasic clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of Philadelphi a chromosome (Ph) in over 95% of cases alongside excessive accumulation of clonal myeloid cells in hematopoietic tissues. This occurs as a result of reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosome 9 and 22 t (9;22) (q34; q11) creating the fusion oncogene BCR–ABL1 which exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. It is one of the commonest haematological malignancies in low economies around the world including Nigeria. The clinical features of CML are often described in 3 phases namely the chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), and blastic phase (BP) while CP is the most common stage with progression to AP and BP occurring later. Despite that, prognosis of CML is dependent on phase of disease, age, and response to therapy, the only curative approach in use currently is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with other drugs being used for cytogenetic responses. This study focuses on the aetiopathophysiology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, clinical/laboratory features and treatment options of CML. Rigorous review of literature on the study was retrieved from relevant oncology journals and textbooks abstracted and indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Science Direct. The study discovered that, resistance of CML to imatinib has been reported with research having reached the advanced stage on the use of alternative drugs (e.g., Nilotinib and Desatinib). There are also potentials for these new drugs to become the treatment choice and first line drugs for the treatment of CML.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76879302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.14
Monoar Hossain, Miranur Rahman, M. Alam, Monzurul Islam
Introduction: HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) is an oncogene that encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity known as 185 kDa. This 185 kDa belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Though HER-2 expression has been extensively found in advanced gastric cancer, few recent studies have evaluated the same in early gastric cancers. HER-2 overexpression is considered one of the poorest prognostic variables after nodal status in early gastric cancers too. Aim of the study: To find out the expression of HER2 in gastric carcinoma according to tumor location. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology of National Institute of Cancer, Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka. The study period was from March 2014 to April 2015. A total of 80 patients were included in the study. After receiving the gastrectomy specimen, it was fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Statistical analysis was carried out using a computer-based software package for social science (SPSS 16.1). Ethical clearance was taken from the ethical committee of NICRH. Results: The highest patients were from the 61-70 years age group and the lowest were from 71-80 years. The mean age of the patients was 59.71 (±10.19) years. The female to male ratio in this study was 1: 2.48. The leading number of patients presented with abdominal pain where the vague abdominal discomfort was also included. They were 75%. This clinical condition was followed by vomiting which coined 58.75% of respondents. Out of 80 patients, 27 (33.75%) patients bore A +ve blood group whereas 23 (28.75%) patients had B+ve blood group. Most of the tumors were located in the distal (Noncardiac) part of the stomach (75%). Regarding staging 79 (98.75%) patients were in the advanced stage of the disease. Most of the tumors were located in the distal part of the stomach (11.67%). Conclusion: We reported a 12.5% of positive HER2 expression (IHC=3+ & 2+) in a series of 80 surgical specimens of gastric cancer patients. We also observed that positive HER2 expression varied depending on the histology and the primary tumor localization.
{"title":"Expression of HER2 in Gastric Carcinoma According to Tumor Location","authors":"Monoar Hossain, Miranur Rahman, M. Alam, Monzurul Islam","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) is an oncogene that encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity known as 185 kDa. This 185 kDa belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Though HER-2 expression has been extensively found in advanced gastric cancer, few recent studies have evaluated the same in early gastric cancers. HER-2 overexpression is considered one of the poorest prognostic variables after nodal status in early gastric cancers too. Aim of the study: To find out the expression of HER2 in gastric carcinoma according to tumor location. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology of National Institute of Cancer, Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka. The study period was from March 2014 to April 2015. A total of 80 patients were included in the study. After receiving the gastrectomy specimen, it was fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Statistical analysis was carried out using a computer-based software package for social science (SPSS 16.1). Ethical clearance was taken from the ethical committee of NICRH. Results: The highest patients were from the 61-70 years age group and the lowest were from 71-80 years. The mean age of the patients was 59.71 (±10.19) years. The female to male ratio in this study was 1: 2.48. The leading number of patients presented with abdominal pain where the vague abdominal discomfort was also included. They were 75%. This clinical condition was followed by vomiting which coined 58.75% of respondents. Out of 80 patients, 27 (33.75%) patients bore A +ve blood group whereas 23 (28.75%) patients had B+ve blood group. Most of the tumors were located in the distal (Noncardiac) part of the stomach (75%). Regarding staging 79 (98.75%) patients were in the advanced stage of the disease. Most of the tumors were located in the distal part of the stomach (11.67%). Conclusion: We reported a 12.5% of positive HER2 expression (IHC=3+ & 2+) in a series of 80 surgical specimens of gastric cancer patients. We also observed that positive HER2 expression varied depending on the histology and the primary tumor localization.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74189009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.13
Khandakar A. B. M. Abdullah Al Hasan, A. Hossain, Ashiqur Rahman, S. Sultana
Background: Axillary staging is the standard of care for all breast cancers amenable to curative treatment. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been established as the gold standard for axillary staging and has supplanted axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as a means of regional nodal staging in clinically node-negative breast cancer. Different blue dyes like isosulfan blue dye, patent blue, sulfan blue, radio labeled substances, and methylene blue dye (MBD) have been evaluated for the sentinel node procedure. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy with methylene blue dye in clinically axillary node negative early-stage breast carcinoma as well as to observe the early postoperative outcome of SLN procedure. Method: Between November 2015 to October2017, a total of 18 female patients of 18 years and above, with diagnosis of early-stage (T1/T2) breast carcinoma with clinically negative ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were studied in the department of surgical oncology, NICRH. Written informed consents were obtained from all patients. Results: In this study, the highest population was in 31-50 years age group with a mean age of 46(SD 12). Out of 18 cases, SLN(s) was identified in 15 cases by using MBD. The identification rate was 83.3%. In frozen section biopsy all SLNs were found positive for malignant cells. Two or more SLNs were positive in 12(66.6%) cases where SLNB was extended to ALND. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100, 50, 80 and 100, respectively. Postoperative morbidity was significantly high in ALND group. Conclusion: This study showed that SLNB is a safe procedure and efficacy of this procedure was very significant. It lowers the unnecessary extended surgery (ALND) which has troublesome postoperative complications. Multicenter studies are required to extract more relevant information in this regard.
{"title":"Outcome of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Methylene Blue Dye in Early-stage Breast Cancer","authors":"Khandakar A. B. M. Abdullah Al Hasan, A. Hossain, Ashiqur Rahman, S. Sultana","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Axillary staging is the standard of care for all breast cancers amenable to curative treatment. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been established as the gold standard for axillary staging and has supplanted axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as a means of regional nodal staging in clinically node-negative breast cancer. Different blue dyes like isosulfan blue dye, patent blue, sulfan blue, radio labeled substances, and methylene blue dye (MBD) have been evaluated for the sentinel node procedure. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy with methylene blue dye in clinically axillary node negative early-stage breast carcinoma as well as to observe the early postoperative outcome of SLN procedure. Method: Between November 2015 to October2017, a total of 18 female patients of 18 years and above, with diagnosis of early-stage (T1/T2) breast carcinoma with clinically negative ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were studied in the department of surgical oncology, NICRH. Written informed consents were obtained from all patients. Results: In this study, the highest population was in 31-50 years age group with a mean age of 46(SD 12). Out of 18 cases, SLN(s) was identified in 15 cases by using MBD. The identification rate was 83.3%. In frozen section biopsy all SLNs were found positive for malignant cells. Two or more SLNs were positive in 12(66.6%) cases where SLNB was extended to ALND. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100, 50, 80 and 100, respectively. Postoperative morbidity was significantly high in ALND group. Conclusion: This study showed that SLNB is a safe procedure and efficacy of this procedure was very significant. It lowers the unnecessary extended surgery (ALND) which has troublesome postoperative complications. Multicenter studies are required to extract more relevant information in this regard.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83860867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.12
Hala Abdalgader Khairalseed Abas, H. A. Elnasri, M. A. Khaier
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors and mutations in VIM gene among Sudanese’s breast cancer women in Khartoum State. Methods: This case-control study involved 45 patients with breast cancer and 45controls. It was conducted across three hospitals and two laboratories in Khartoum State. A structural questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding age, family history, menarche, marriage, menopause, pregnancy, nulliparous and parous women, breast-feeding, use of fertility or contraceptive drugs and grade of the disease. DNA from patient and control tissues was extracted using extraction kits. PCR was conducted to amplify VIM gene using specific primers. PCR products were sequenced in order to detect the mutation in VIM gene. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square tests to identify risk factors associated with breast cancer. Results: The study showed that the main risk factors associated with breast cancer were family history with first degree relative, menarche, irregularity of menarche, reproductive factors such as pregnancy, breast-feeding and nulliparous. DNA sequencing revealed no mutations in VIM gene associated with breast cancer in Sudanese women in Khartoum State. Conclusion: The association of other risk factors such as menopausal status, age of menopausal, oral contraceptive birth control and fertility hormones needs more illumination and further work. Other genes associated with breast cancer can be investigated.
{"title":"Risk Factors and Molecular Study of Vimentin Gene (VIM), Associated with Female Breast Cancer in Khartoum, Sudan","authors":"Hala Abdalgader Khairalseed Abas, H. A. Elnasri, M. A. Khaier","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors and mutations in VIM gene among Sudanese’s breast cancer women in Khartoum State. Methods: This case-control study involved 45 patients with breast cancer and 45controls. It was conducted across three hospitals and two laboratories in Khartoum State. A structural questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding age, family history, menarche, marriage, menopause, pregnancy, nulliparous and parous women, breast-feeding, use of fertility or contraceptive drugs and grade of the disease. DNA from patient and control tissues was extracted using extraction kits. PCR was conducted to amplify VIM gene using specific primers. PCR products were sequenced in order to detect the mutation in VIM gene. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square tests to identify risk factors associated with breast cancer. Results: The study showed that the main risk factors associated with breast cancer were family history with first degree relative, menarche, irregularity of menarche, reproductive factors such as pregnancy, breast-feeding and nulliparous. DNA sequencing revealed no mutations in VIM gene associated with breast cancer in Sudanese women in Khartoum State. Conclusion: The association of other risk factors such as menopausal status, age of menopausal, oral contraceptive birth control and fertility hormones needs more illumination and further work. Other genes associated with breast cancer can be investigated.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89889349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210902.11
Ahmed Elhemaly, A. Fathalla, Mahmed Elhusseny, M. Fawzy
Background: High-risk Neuroblastoma (N. B) patients have a poor outcome with 5-year survival rates of 50%. Patients with stage 4 disease or MYC-N amplification showed post-progression 5y O. S. of 7% to 8%. Other studies proved the same dismal outcome in high-risk relapsed patients. This study aimed to detect the O. S. and EFS of N. B patients post-progression. Secondary to explore, if initial prognostic factors, high-intensity salvage therapy and other treatment modalities could improve the outcome of progressive /refractory disease. Methods: Seventy patients of high-risk Neuroblastoma needed salvage therapy, either due to refractory/progressive disease or irresectability of the primary tumor. Initial prognostic factors and different treatment strategies were collected and correlated with the outcome. Results: Fifty-seven (57 /70) patients died from progressive disease with a median survival of 20.6 months with three y EFS and O. S. of 9.5% and 35.7%, respectively. Objective response (CR/VGPR/PR) post-induction, consolidation by HSCT, radiotherapy, and maintenance therapy; affected survival significantly post salvage therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent factor that significantly affected O. S was maintenance therapy. The independent factors that affected the EFS negatively were the presence of liver metastases, poor response post-induction, and not administering radiotherapy. Conclusion: Response to induction had a significant impact on the outcome post salvage. Salvage therapy did not improve the outcome for those with inadequate induction response. Initial front-line targeted therapy like antiGD2 is needed to improve the outcome, especially for chemo-resistant ones.
背景:高危神经母细胞瘤(N. B)患者预后较差，5年生存率为50%。4期疾病或MYC-N扩增的患者进展后5年生存率为7%至8%。其他研究在高风险复发患者中也证实了同样令人沮丧的结果。本研究旨在检测乙型肝炎患者进展后的os和EFS。其次，探讨初始预后因素、高强度挽救性治疗和其他治疗方式是否可以改善进展性/难治性疾病的预后。方法:70例高危神经母细胞瘤患者因疾病难治性/进展性或原发肿瘤不可切除而需要补救性治疗。收集初始预后因素和不同的治疗策略并将其与结果相关联。结果:57例(57 /70)患者死于进展性疾病，中位生存期为20.6个月，3 y EFS和os分别为9.5%和35.7%。诱导、HSCT巩固、放疗和维持治疗后的客观反应(CR/VGPR/PR);显著影响挽救性治疗后的生存。多因素分析显示，唯一影响O. S的独立因素是维持治疗。影响EFS负性的独立因素是肝转移的存在、诱导后的不良反应和未给予放疗。结论:诱导反应对抢救后的预后有显著影响。对于诱导反应不足的患者，挽救性治疗并没有改善预后。需要像抗gd2这样的一线靶向治疗来改善结果，特别是对化疗耐药的患者。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.11648/J.CRJ.20210901.17
N. Hossain, A. Habib, Q. Habibullah
Introduction: Gastrectomy with proper lymphadenectomy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for potentially curable gastric cancer. Stomach cancer is one of the important leading causes of cancer related death in worldwide. Annually, it was diagnosed with 9, 89,600 new cases and 7, 38,000 deaths (10% of all cancer death) in worldwide. The overall prognosis is not very favorable. However, surgery in the form of gastrectomy is the only treatment modality for a chance of long term survival as well as hope for cure. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to find outcome of Early Postoperative Outcome of D2 Gastrectomy. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. A total 80 number of gastric cancer patients who were underwent gastrectomy were considered in this study. Statistical Analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. EPI INFO is a trademark of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to calculate the means with corresponding standard deviations. Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of the patients was 49.10±8.32 years with range 28-66 years and the median age was 48.5 years. The age group 45-54 years (50.0%) were significantly higher than other age group (Z= 3.26; p<0.001). Only 5.0% were with age between 25-34 years and 27.5% of the patients were with age ≥55 years. Thus in this study the patients with age between were in higher risk of having gastric cancer. Proportion of males (75.0%) was significantly higher than that of females (25.0%) (Z=7.07; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Surgery for gastric cancer is the only hope for cure or long term survival in the arena of multimodal management of cancers. It provides quick symptom relief by loco regional control, adds to survival of the individual, cure in case of early gastric cancer and proper staging for planning of subsequent adjuvant treatment.
{"title":"A Prospective Study of Early Postoperative Outcome of D2 Gastrectomy: A Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh","authors":"N. Hossain, A. Habib, Q. Habibullah","doi":"10.11648/J.CRJ.20210901.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CRJ.20210901.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gastrectomy with proper lymphadenectomy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for potentially curable gastric cancer. Stomach cancer is one of the important leading causes of cancer related death in worldwide. Annually, it was diagnosed with 9, 89,600 new cases and 7, 38,000 deaths (10% of all cancer death) in worldwide. The overall prognosis is not very favorable. However, surgery in the form of gastrectomy is the only treatment modality for a chance of long term survival as well as hope for cure. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to find outcome of Early Postoperative Outcome of D2 Gastrectomy. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. A total 80 number of gastric cancer patients who were underwent gastrectomy were considered in this study. Statistical Analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. EPI INFO is a trademark of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to calculate the means with corresponding standard deviations. Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of the patients was 49.10±8.32 years with range 28-66 years and the median age was 48.5 years. The age group 45-54 years (50.0%) were significantly higher than other age group (Z= 3.26; p<0.001). Only 5.0% were with age between 25-34 years and 27.5% of the patients were with age ≥55 years. Thus in this study the patients with age between were in higher risk of having gastric cancer. Proportion of males (75.0%) was significantly higher than that of females (25.0%) (Z=7.07; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Surgery for gastric cancer is the only hope for cure or long term survival in the arena of multimodal management of cancers. It provides quick symptom relief by loco regional control, adds to survival of the individual, cure in case of early gastric cancer and proper staging for planning of subsequent adjuvant treatment.","PeriodicalId":9422,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87773730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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