Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is typically treated with medications however psychological and psychosocial interventions are recommended for symptoms that persist despite pharmacological treatment. This study aims to review randomized controlled trials focusing on the psychological and psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD.

Method: Eight databases were searched using keyword pairs "ADHD" and "therapy", "ADHD" and "psychological treatment", "ADHD" and "psychosocial treatment", "ADHD" and "CBT", "attention deficit" and "therapy", "attention deficit" and "psychological treatment", "attention deficit" and "psychosocial treatment", "attention deficit" and "CBT". The search was conducted at March 2022.

Results: Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 51% included the child and adolescent age group, 49% included the adult age. In 87% of these studies, psychosocial interventions, when implemented in addition to medication, resulted in significant improvements in ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of psychosocial interventions, in addition to medical approaches, makes significant contributions to the treatment of ADHD. There is a need for studies investigating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD in Turkiye.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalance of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in patients with Opioid Use Disorder and to investigate both the sociodemographic and psychological differences between patients with or without Hepatitis C Virus.

Method: Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) who applied to Mersin Provincial Health Directorate Toros State Hospital Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (AMATEM) between 01.09.2019-01.09.2020 and hepatitis virus markers, complete blood count and basic biochemistry were assessed. Sociodemographic Evaluation Form, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Temps-A Temperament Scale, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale were applied to 107 patients with HCV and 101 patients without HCV who were selected by systematic sampling and the findings obtained were compared.

Results: Of the 1190 patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder, 340 (28.5%) were found to be HCV positive. 107 HCV-positive and 101 HCVnegative patients who were selected for comparison were similar in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Among HCV positive patients, the rate of intravenous drug use and needle sharing were significantly higher (p<0.001, p<0.001). Overall duration of substance use and intravenous substance use were significantly higher in HCV positive patients (p=0.024 and p=0.017). Similarly, HCV positive group were significantly more likely (p<0.001) to have heard of HCV before and significantly more likely (p=0.009) to know that HCV causes cirrhosis and liver cancer. Regarding the scores of Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Substance Use Disorder Recognition Test, DUDIT, Temps -A Temperament Scales applied to HCV positive and HCV negative patients with Opioid Use Disorder, no difference was found. The scores of the 'Non-Acceptance' factor of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were found to be significantly higher in HCV positive patients with Opioid Use Disorder (p=0.020).

Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have higher rates of HCV positivity compared to general public. Intravenous drug use significantly increases this risk. Half of HCV-positive patients were unaware that they have the virus and only a very small proportion received treatment. Therefore, examining each patient with OUD for HCV, treating positive patients in an effective referral system seems to be the an important step in the eradication of this disease in this population.

Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome are dermatological manifestations that are also observed in cases of stigma. This paper presents the disconcerting circumstances in the life of the Blessed Elena Aiello. From 1923 until her death, she suffered severe hematidrosis blood sweating on her forehead, hands, feet and knees, just as stigmata appear at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Stigmas, in Christian tradition, are marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the torture and the Crucifixion, it's said that are impressed on the person body by divine favor. These episodes, among the few recognised as authentic by the Catholic Church would appear each Friday in Lent, particularly on Good Friday. In this unique case study, doctors Fabrizio and Turano performed a medical study where the origin of the sores was unclear. Neurologist and psychiatrist Vincenzo Bianchi, on assessing the case, raised the possibility of simulation or mere suggestion on the part of the patient. Keywords: Elena Aiello, Autosuggestion, Psychology, Stigmata, Psychopathology, Malingering, Factitious Disorder.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence and distribution of depressive symptoms in individuals aged 15 and older, as well as the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health status and health behaviors.

Method: The analysis of data collected from the Türkiye Health Surveys conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSAT) in 2016 and 2019 involved using the Chi-Square independence test. Effect sizes were evaluated using Phi or Cramer's V coefficients. Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) module was used to scan the depressive symptoms.

Results: The adult population's point of prevalence of depressive symptoms was 4.7%±0.24 in males and 8%±0.19 in females, with a population total of 6.3%±0.21. The yearly prevalence of depressive symptoms was 6.1%±0.45 in males, 13.2%±0.53 in females and a population total of 10%±0.49. Age, gender, income, education, social support, health status, disability, and chronic illnesses were found to be significant predictors of the incidence of depressive symptoms (p<0,05). The results indicated that the rate of people with depression getting help from psychologists, psychotherapists,and psychiatrists was low.

Conclusion: Age, gender, income, education, marital status, self-rated health status, social support, number of chronic illnesses, and disability were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. In addition to such self-reported research completed before the pandemic and Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye, further studies based on structured diagnostic interviews are required.

Objective: The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illness. This study aims to investigate the effects of patients' psychopathology severity and cognitive functions on caregiver burden.

Method: Forty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 and their primary caregivers were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The severity of the caregiver burden in the relatives of the patients was evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Symptom severity of the patients was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were applied to assess the cognitive functions of the patients.

Results: The mean ZCBS score was 47.7±26.9 in the primary caregivers of the patients. There was a significant negative correlation between ZCBS and patients' education level, time since recent hospitalization, and RAVLT scores, and a significant positive correlation between TMT, Stroop Test, and SANS scores.

Conclusion: To reduce the caregiver burden, psychosocial interventions for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms involving patients and their families should be considered a priority.

Objective: The effects of antipsychotics on negative symptoms are limited. The most appropriate approach in the treatment of schizophrenia is the integration of drug therapy with psychological and social interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of art therapy and psychosocial skills training (PSST) in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 15 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria in DSM-5 and 12 patient relatives were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 7 were included in the art therapy program and 8 were included in the PSST program for schizophrenia. 90-minute sessions of art therapy and PSST were carried out once a week for 17 weeks. Participants with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the relatives were given Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Zarit Burden Interview.

Results: There was a significant decrease in the PANSS negative symptoms, PANSS general psychopathology, SFS pro-social activities and SFS recreation scores in both groups, while the SFS social withdrawal scores decreased significantly only in the art therapy group. In the PANSS negative symptoms subscale, passive social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation and stereotyped thinking scores were significantly lower in the art therapy group. In the PSST group only the score for difficulty in abstract thinking declined significantly.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that art therapy and PSST have positive effects on the improvement of negative symptoms as well as improvements in social and cognitive functionality in schizophrenia.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the severity of substance use disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria and to show the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Substance Use Scale that improved to learn what kind of substances are used.

Methods: In this study,54 in or out-patients who met the criteria for any substance use disorder according to DSM-5 and who are receiving treatment in Psychiatry Department of Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine and AMATEM department of Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mahzar Osman Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, were included. One hundred volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also recruited as the control group. Beside the DSM-5 Level 2 substance use scale, Addiction Profile İndex was used for concurrent validity. Internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis were performed for reliability analysis. ROC Analysis was used in the validity analysis.

Results: Mean age was 26.97±10.20 years in the study group and 39% of the sample (n=60) were female. 5.6% (n=3) of the patient group were female and 94.4% (n=51) were male. In the control group, 57% (n=57) were female and 43% (n=43) were male. Of the patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (n=54), 88.7% had opiate use disorder, 5.6% had polysubstance use disorder, 5.6% had other (unknown) substance (synthetic cannabinoid) use disorder and 1.8% of patients have cannabis use disorder. The internal consistency of the substance use scale was 0.80 and itemtotal correlation coefficients were between 0,196- 0,643 (p<0.0001). Coefficient of correlation analysis with API was calculated as r=0.806 (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: The results showed that DSM-5 Substance Use Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used to measure the progress of different dimensions of alcohol and substance use.

Objective: Coronavirus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused the death of thousands of people affected negatively not only people's physical wellbeing but also their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function, depression, anxiety and stress, and fear of COVID-19 of individuals according to gender and sexual orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: The questionnaire form included sociodemographic data form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The form was distributed on social media platforms.

Results: 1593 sexually active participants were included in the study. 47.5% of the participants were females and 52.5% were males. 86.9% of them were heterosexuals and 13.1% were lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. ASEX, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, and FCV-19S scores were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.001). When anxiety, depression, stress, and fear of COVID-19 were controlled, level of sexual dysfunction continued to be higher in women. We found that while the ASEX and FCV-19S scores were similar between the heterosexuals and LGBs (respectively p=0.66 and p=0.31), the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were higher in LGBs (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Our results reveal the effect of the pandemic period on female sexual functions and the importance of addressing this topic in clinical practice and research.