Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: Mentalization is defined as the capacity to reflect on one’s own mental state and the mental states of others. The primary aim of this study is to translate the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), which measures mentalization, into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. In addition, reflective capacities of male adults on probation due to substance use were investigated and compared with the control group.

Methods: The questionnaire was translated into Turkish using a forward-backward-forward method and administered to 219 adults with no prior psychiatric history, as well as 205 substance-using male adults. Participants also completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring empathy, mindfulness, theory of mind, alexithymia, and impulsivity. Additionally, the substance-using group completed the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test to assess the severity of their drug use.

Results: The results indicate configural invariance of the original twofactor structure of the RFQ across the Turkish-speaking healthy control group and substance-using male adults, as well as satisfactory reliability and construct validity for the two subscales. The reflective functioning scores of the substance-using group were not significantly different from those of the control group.

Discussion: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the RFQ. Despite no significant differences in RF scores between the groups, the findings highlight the significance of further exploring reflective functioning in individuals with substance use.

Objective: With the rise in popularity of the theory of mind (ToM), defined as the ability to understand that others’ beliefs, desires, and intentions may differ from one’s own, numerous tools have been developed since the 1990s. However, the use of disparate tasks to measure the same construct, the lack of a standardized task battery, and the inadequate validity/reliability of existing TOM measures have contributed to inconsistent research findings. This study developed the HACETTEPE-Computer Based Theory of Mind Battery (HACETTEPE CBToM), which utilizes three-dimensional colored animations, focuses on social interactions, and integrates cognitive/ affective dimensions. Comprehensive validity and reliability studies were conducted.

Method: The validity and reliability studies of the battery, which consists of eight scenarios (four second-order false belief tasks: two cognitive/ two affective, and four irony tasks: two cognitive/two affective), were carried out with 214 healthy adults aged 18-36.

Results: Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis, and the fit indices indicated an excellent model fit [χ2(19, N=214) =26.14, p>0.05, χ2/df=1.38, RMSEA=0.042, SRMR=0.05, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, CFI=0.98, TLI(NNFI)=0.97]. For criterion validity, a positive and significant correlation was found between the scores of the HACETTEPE-CBToM Battery and the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale (r=0.32, p<0.05). The inter-rater reliability and internal consistency coefficients were r=0.94 and r=0.72, respectively.

Conclusion: The HACETTEPE-CBToM Battery is a culturally appropriate, ecologically valid, and psychometrically robust tool for detailed assessment of ToM.

Objective: Culture plays a prominent role in recognition and rating of emotions. This study aims to develop a standardized measurement tool specific to Türkiye for assessing affect and recognizing emotions. The tool is designed to be brief and practical for use as a bedside test in clinical settings.

Methods: Data were collected from 610 university students (psychology majors). The scale consisted of 500 black-and-white photographs taken under standard conditions by a professional photographer, depicting seven emotions (anxiety, fear, anger, joy, surprise, disgust, and sadness). Through four selection/elimination stages, the initial 500 photographs were reduced to 22. Expert opinions were gathered to assess the content validity of the test. Item reliability was assessed using the test-retest method, and the reliability coefficient was calculated using the Gwet AC1 technique. Following these stages, the final 20 photographs formed the Brief Affect and Emotion Recognition Test (BAET).

Results: The normative emotion recognition percentages for the 20 items ranged between 42.2% and 95.6%. Normative affect intensity scores ranged from 2.3 to 4.8. The Gwet AC1 reliability coefficient of the BAET was calculated as 73.2.

Conclusion: In this study, a culture-specific test was developed to measure affect and emotion recognition processes, and its content validity and reliability were assessed. The findings indicate that the Brief Affect and Emotion Recognition Test (BAET) is a valid and reliable measurement tool, introducing a brief and practical test to the field.

Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome are dermatological manifestations that are also observed in cases of stigma. This paper presents the disconcerting circumstances in the life of the Blessed Elena Aiello. From 1923 until her death, she suffered severe hematidrosis blood sweating on her forehead, hands, feet and knees, just as stigmata appear at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Stigmas, in Christian tradition, are marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the torture and the Crucifixion, it's said that are impressed on the person body by divine favor. These episodes, among the few recognised as authentic by the Catholic Church would appear each Friday in Lent, particularly on Good Friday. In this unique case study, doctors Fabrizio and Turano performed a medical study where the origin of the sores was unclear. Neurologist and psychiatrist Vincenzo Bianchi, on assessing the case, raised the possibility of simulation or mere suggestion on the part of the patient.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used in the treatment of many mental illnesses, as well as for research in mental illnesses (Altınbaş et al. 2007, Yıldız et al. 2015). Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) is a treatment protocol that is applied with 10 - 20 Hz and has a similar effect to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (Blumberger et al. 2018). The FDA approved the standard iTBS protocol in 2018 to treat treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), which is used to distinguish healthy identity development from identity diffusion in terms of impaired personality functioning, into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties.

Method: The sample consisted of 846 participants. The school sample consists of 778 adolescents from schools covering three different socioeconomic levels. The clinical sample consisted of 68 adolescents who were evaluated at Hacettepe University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health and the Division of Adolescent Medicine. All participants completed the Offer Self-İmage Scales (OSIQ) and the AIDA Turkish. DSM-IV-based clinical interview, Scale For Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia For Kids-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview For Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) were applied to the clinical sample.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed that the phenotypical factor structure of the AIDA Turkish was similar to the original. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.93 on the total scale, 0.83 and 0.90 on the two primary subscales, and between 0.65 and 0.80 on the subscale level. AIDA Turkish total score identity diffusion was found to significantly distinguish the clinical sample with diagnosed personality disorders from the school sample, with a large effect size (d = 0.9) between the school sample and a clinical sample with diagnosed personality disorders. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded a clinical cut-off score of 107 (95% CI: 0.66–0.86, p <0.001) providing 81% sensitivity and 84% specificity.

Conclusion: AIDA Turkish is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate identity development and detect pathological identity diffusion.

Objective: Social cognitive processes are shaped by cultural norms, necessitating cultural adaptation and psychometric validation. This review systematically examines Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in neurology and psychiatry, summarizing their procedures and psychometric properties.

Method: Following PRISMA 2020, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and YOKSIS for studies up to May 2024. Using SRAccelerator’s Polyglot, we developed database-specific keywords and applied a PICOS-based search strategy. From 3,115 identified records, 157 studies met inclusion criteria. Among the Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in psychiatric disorders or neurological diseases, those with established validity and reliability, we extracted (i) task characteristics and (ii) psychometric properties.

Results: A total of 31 tests and 15 scales were used across 157 studies, covering 37 diagnoses, 9 studies with family members, and 2 with highrisk groups. Psychometric properties were reported for 13 tests (41.9%) and 8 scales (53.3%). Four tools were developed in Turkish: The Humor Comprehension and Appreciation Test, the Test of Perception of Affect via Nonverbal Cues, the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index, and the Child- Adolescent KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale. The most frequently used test was the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (52.2%), while the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index (45.8%) was the most used scale. The Faux Pas Test and the Observable Social Cognition Scale had stronger psychometric support. Internal consistency, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 75%, 55%, and 30% of tools, respectively, while various validity measures ranged from 45% (known-group validity) to 5% (ecological validity). No test assessed social perception. The only tool that uses moviebased material in Turkish was the Test of Perception of Affect Via Nonverbal Cues.

Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive approach to Turkish social cognition tools in neuropsychiatry. Nearly half lack robust psychometric validation, and there is a critical gap in Turkish tools measuring social perception.

Objective: Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to challenging environments, making them liable for poor mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this problem, however available data in Lebanon is scarce. We conducted this investigation to provide comprehensive evidence on the mental health of Lebanese healthcare workers.

Methods: In this systematic review, we analyzed 3957 workers reported in 15 cross-sectional studies (10 during and five before the pandemic), identified after searching four databases. Examined mental health problems included depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and poor sleep quality. STATA software was used to pool the prevalence across studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the pandemic status, severity of mental health problems, and healthcare worker type. Gender and marital status were analyzed as potential risk factors. The methodological quality of all included studies was good as per the National Institute of Health risk of bias tool.

Results: Anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, insomnia, and poor sleep quality were reported in 50%, 52%, 50%, 35%, 45%, and 41% of the population, respectively. Most cases had mild anxiety (40%), mild depression (45%), but severe stress (27%). Depression and anxiety were highest among pharmacists (69% and 56%) and nurses (49% and 45%), respectively. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, depression (36% vs. 62%) and anxiety (30% vs. 56%) rates were higher during the pandemic, while stress levels were lower (62% vs. 45%). Both gender and marital status were insignificant predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, or PTSD.

Conclusions: Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, insomnia, and poor sleep quality are experienced by approximately one in every two Lebanese healthcare workers. The rate of depression and anxiety almost doubled during the pandemic with higher rates among pharmacists and nurses than physicians and residents. Both gender and marital status were deemed insignificant predictors of reported mental health problems.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships between anhedonia, emotional expression ability and emotion regulation difficulties in individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods: 82 patients with FM and 80 age, gender, and educationmatched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Participants completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Expressing Emotions Scale (EES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Short Form (DERS-16), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Clinician-Administered Turkish version of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-C-TR).

Results: Higher SHAPS-C-TR scores (OR=1.836, 95% CI: 1.501– 2.245; p<0.001) and BAI scores (OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.020–1.230; p=0.017) were significantly associated with FM diagnosis. Conversely, higher EES scores were negatively associated with FM diagnosis (OR=0.941, 95% CI: 0.896–0.988; p=0.015). Even after controlling for depression, individuals with FM exhibited significantly higher anhedonia scores (F (1.159)=295.10, p<0.001, η²=0.623).

Conclusion: Elevated levels of anhedonia and anxiety were significantly associated with FM, whereas greater emotional expressiveness appeared to be a protective factor. These findings underscore the importance of psychological assessment and interventions in FM management.

Objective: This study aims to assess the associations of the severity of different symptom dimensions and psychosis risk factors with the overall functioning levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients over a 6-month follow-up period.

Method: Psychosis symptom dimensions (positive, negative, depression, mania, attention and other cognitive), sociodemographic characteristics and environmental risk factors (alcohol-substance use, childhood traumas, current stressful life events) were prospectively assessed in 32 patients who were hospitalized for FEP during the six-month follow-up period. The associations of these variables with the longitudinal Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores of these patients were analyzed using linear regression or repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: The severity of positive, negative, depression and mania dimensions reduced (p<0.001) during the follow-up period, while no significant change was found in Stroop interference effect scores (F=0.4, p=0.53). FEP patients with substance or alcohol use had significantly worse functioning during the follow-up period (F=11.2, p=0.001; F=5.3, p=0.02, respectively), and those patients' functioning improved significantly less (F=10.0, p=0.002; F=4.3; p=0.04, respectively). Stroop test performance detected at the first month of the follow-up period significantly predicted the final general functioning scores of the follow- up [Stroop test word reading time (sec): B=-0.58 (-1.13-0.03); color telling speed (sec): B=-0.35 (-0.59-0.1); interference effect: B=-0.28 (-0.57-0.01)].

Conclusion: The stable course and prognostic value of attention and other types of cognitive functioning in FEP patients is remarkable. Interventions for alcohol-substance use in FEP patients should be a part of routine practice.