Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the adult population in Türkiye and to examine the relationship of depression with socio-demographic and behavioral variables and chronic diseases.

Method: This sturdy utilized data from the 2019 Turkey Health Survey. The Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module (PHQ- 8) was employed to assess depressive symptoms in the survey. Based on the analysis using the diagnostic algorithm of the PHQ-8, from a total of 17084 people aged 15+ years old who were, we selected 6.4% individuals with depressive symptoms. Then, we randomly selected 1101 individuals without depressive symptoms, comprising of a total of 2202 individuals as the study sample. We assessed the factors associated with depressive symptoms using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results: The risk of developing depressive symptoms increased with age. Women were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Education, physical activity, and marital status were negatively correlated with reporting depressive symptoms. Further, social support was a protective factor to report depressive symptoms. The presence of chronic diseases was positively associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: The results showed that point and annual prevalence of depressive symptoms were high. The findings provide a basis for further studies to explore the factors associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in Türkiye. Our findings could serve as a reference to monitor depression in the country, as well as help in the planning of health resource and identify high risk segments of the population.

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect functional changes in the brain during the memory task with aging and the association between functional changes and memory performance.

Method: The study consisted of Young Adult Group (YAG, n=20) aged 20 to 25 and Late Adult Group (LAG, n=18) aged 60 to 70. Individuals with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores above 21 and no family history of Alzheimer's Disease were included in the study. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning was performed on all participants during a memory task including encoding (face and name), face and name recognition sub-tasks.

Results: Results indicated that LAG showed increased activity during face recognition task in left posterior cingulate cortex, left superior frontal cortex, left fusiform face area and another increased activity was found out during name recognition task in left superior frontal cortex, right prefrontal cortex, left anterior + posterior cingulate cortex. The accuracy of face recognition and name recognition memory tests were significantly lower in LAG (respectively, p=0.026; p=0.001).

Conclusion: These results indicated that advanced age were associated with more widespread activation in brain during memory task. Thus with aging, individuals require more neuronal and cognitive resources during memory processing.

Lithium may cause toxicity as it has a narrow therapeutic range. Lithium intoxication may manifest in the form of acute, acute on chronic and chronic intoxication. Neurotoxicity is a common component of chronic lithium intoxication and the symptoms include tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperreflexia, seizures and status epilepticus. Although rare, catatonia could as a manifestation of lithium neurotoxicity. In this report, we present a patient with bipolar disorder presenting with catatonic symptoms secondary to lithium intoxication. We will discuss the risk factors, differential diagnosis and the treatment of catatonic symptoms. Lithium neurotoxicity may present with various clinical symptoms including catatonia, and differential diagnosis should be made well in such cases. If lithium neurotoxicity is suspected, rapid and appropriate intervention is required to prevent permanent neurological damage. Keywords: Lithium, Neurotoxicity, Catatonia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to adapt the "Affiliated Stigma Scale" to Turkish for caregivers of people with dementia and determine its psychometric properties. The scale measures the affiliated stigma experienced by caregivers of people with dementia.

Method: We assessed the psychometric properties of Affiliated Stigma Scale in 218 adults who were primary caregivers for their relatives with dementia. Sociodemographic data was collected and the Affiliated Stigma Scale, the Caregiver Burden Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered.

Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis results did not support the three-factor structure of the original scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed. EFA, revealed that the Turkish form of the Affiliated Stigma Scale has a four-factor structure as "other related/ cognition", "emotion", "self-related", and "behavior" with a total of 20 items. The variance explained by four factors constitutes 65.34% of the total variance. It was positively correlated with depression and caregiver burden scores. The internal consistency coefficients of the scale range was between 0.82 and 0.86 and was 0.91 for the total scale.

Conclusion: The Affiliated Stigma Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkey for the caregivers of people with dementia in assessing affiliated stigma.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Knowledge Scale (BPSD-T) among caregivers. The goal was to assess the scale's psychometric properties, ensuring it accurately measures caregivers' knowledge of dementia-related behavioral and psychological symptoms in a Turkish context.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from 212 caregivers providing home-based care to dementia patients across Turkey. Participants completed a 12-item Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) knowledge questionnaire along with a sociodemographic form. To examine the factor structure of the scale, both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. Sample adequacy for EFA was assessed using the Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity. For CFA, model fit was evaluated using fit indices such as χ2/df, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The internal consistency of the scale was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

Results: The findings showed that the BPSD-T has strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.85) and a robust factor structure. Factor loadings ranged from 0.396 to 0.744, supporting the construct validity of the scale. Item-total correlations ranged from 0.437 to 0.711, with the item "BPSD are the major source of caregiving burden" having the highest correlation (r=0.711). The results indicate that the BPSD-T is a reliable instrument for assessing caregivers' knowledge of behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.

Conclusion: The BPSD-T provides an effective means of identifying knowledge gaps among caregivers in Turkey and serves as a valuable tool for developing training programs aimed at improving the management of BPSD. This study contributes to the literature by validating the scale in a non-Western context, suggesting that enhancing caregivers' knowledge of BPSD can have positive impacts on clinical management and patient care. In this regard, the implementation of the BPSD-T may support the more effective management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and safe treatment method for many psychiatric disorders. In general medical practice, ECT may cause side effects as most other treatment methods do. Headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anterograde amnesia are common side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Fever; in addition to general medical conditions such as infection, malignancy, connective tissue diseases, drug treatments, malignant hyperthermia, convulsions, it can also occur due to conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), serotonin syndrome, catatonia, malignant catatonia, which are frequently encountered in psychiatry clinics. In the literature, transient fever response due to electroconvulsive therapy application have been described, albeit rarely. Although there are many proposed mechanisms for the emergence of a fever response, regardless of its cause, it is still not understood why some fever responses occur. In this article, we present the differential diagnosis of the fever response, possible causes, and the mechanisms that may reveal the secondary fever response to electroconvulsive therapy in a case with a diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia, who developed a fever response during electroconvulsive therapy sessions and no fever response was observed at times other than electroconvulsive therapy sessions. In this case, postictal benign fever response associated with electroconvulsive therapy was considered after excluding other medical conditions that may cause a fever response after electroconvulsive therapy. Keywords: ECT, Fever, Catatonia, NMS.

disease, characterized by motor and vocal tics with no changes in the ocular structures in the ophthalmological evaluations. The visual field evaluations suggest a reduction in central visual field sensitivity. The studies on visual function in this population is scarce. In this case report we present a patient with GTS who has significant alterations in the measure of contrast sensitivity for second order vision without any vision complaints. This reduction occurred in the measure of contrast sensitivity with a white noise carrier for practically all tested space frequencies. The mean contrast sensitivity for first and second-order stimuli with a pink-noise carrier was normal. The second order contrast sensitivity with a white noise carrier is dependent on local and lateral inhibition since it includes many local luminance components. The existence of this sensitivity suggests that specific visual processing mechanisms are affected. Keywords: Tourette Syndrome, Contrast Sensitivity, Contrast Psychophysical Channels, Second-Order Perception.