Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: In this study we aimed to examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPSP- C) and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the UPPSP- C subscales and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Method: A total of 575 children aged 10-14 years were included in the study. The clinical sample of the study consisted of 50 children with ADHD who had not received treatment for at least 1 month and 525 children living in Sinop as the community sample. In order to investigate the test-retest reliability, UPPS-P-C was re-administered to 50 different children selected from the community sample.

Results: Factor analysis displayed a five-factor model for the test. ‘Lack of premeditation’ and ‘Lack of perseverance’ had the highest ability to distinguish children with ADHD. The Cronbach α coefficient was found to be 0.894 for the UPPS-P-C. For the test-retest reliability of the UPPS-P-C, the correlation between the total and subscales of the two tests was examined using ICC, the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Bland Altman graphs, and the reliability was good.

Conclusion: Our findings show that the Turkish version of the UPPSP- C has good validity and reliability and is successful in screening for features related to impulsivity. It has been shown that the UPPS-P-C can be used for symptom profiling and severity assessment.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), psychological resilience (PR), and quality of life (QoL) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Method: A total of 144 participants (72 patients with OCD and 72 matched healthy controls) were included. Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).

Results: The groups were matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status (p>0.05). The OCD group had significantly higher IU scores and lower QoL scores across all SF-36 domains compared to controls. In the OCD group, all QoL subscales showed a significant negative correlation with total IUS scores (strongest for vitality: r=-0.676, p<0.001) and a significant positive correlation with total RSA scores (strongest for vitality: r=0.619, p<0.001). Regression analyses indicated that PR, illness duration, and symptom severity (Y-BOCS) were significant predictors of QoL, explaining 15.9% to 55.3% of the variance in key mental health-related QoL domains.

Conclusion: QoL in OCD patients is significantly impaired compared to healthy individuals. This impairment is strongly associated with higher IU, lower psychological resilience, and greater symptom severity.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to adapt the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale to Turkish and to determine its psychometric properties. This scale, which can be used for anyone showing generalized anxiety symptoms, has two sub-scale consisting of 9 statements (personal stigma and perceived stigma).

Method: After the translation, 659 participants were included in the study via convenience sampling. The demographic information form, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were presented to the participants as a questionnaire set.

Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest and item total correlation findings were obtained for reliability. Cronbach’s alpha values of the scale were 0.78 for the personal stigma sub-scale and 0.87 for the perceived stigma sub-scale. In the analyses conducted for testretest reliability, the findings showed that the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.70 for the personal stigma sub-scale and 0.79 for the perceived stigma sub-scale. The results indicated that the scale possesses reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied for validity. Similar to the original scale, it was observed that the factor loadings were clustered in two sub-dimensions, but it was decided to remove 2 items from the scale, making it a form consisting of 18 items in total.

Conclusion: As a result, the findings obtained show that the scale has reliable and valid psychometric properties. The scale can be used in both research and clinical applications to measure stigma specifically for generalized anxiety symptoms.

Pseudotumor cerebri (PC), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the presence of normal brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Papilledema, headache and visual loss are frequently observed clinical signs and symptoms. Although the pathogenesis of pseudotumor cerebri is not known exactly, different risk factors have been identified. Drugs such as growth hormone, tetracycline and retinoic acid have been reported to be associated with PC. Additionally, in the literature, there are case reports indicating the development of PC associated with lithium use. The aim of this case report is to discuss a 26-year-old patient who was started on lithium with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and presented to the emergency service with complaints of headache and visual loss 4 months after the initiation of treatment and was diagnosed with PC associated with lithium use. It is important to be aware of the risk of PC development in patients treated with lithium and to rapidly evaluate patients in this respect in case of clinical symptoms such as headache and vision problems because of the risk of permanent vision loss. Keywords: Intracranial Hypertension, Lithium, Papilledema, Pseudotumor Cerebri.

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms, alexithymia, emotion regulation difficulties and empathy in adolescents with social anxiety disorder and to compare the findings with healthy controls.

Method: Our study included a total of 100 adolescents aged 12-18 years, consisting of 50 with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic between June 2022 and November 2022, and 50 healthy controls. Participants were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Basic Empathy Scale.

Results: Alexithymia, depressive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties were significantly higher in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder compared to healthy controls, but no significant difference was found in empathy skills. The severity of social anxiety disorder was significantly related to depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and emotion regulation difficulties. Logistic regression analysis revealed maternal age, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia as the factors associated with social anxiety disorder in adolescents.

Conclusion: Our study shows that depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and emotion regulation difficulties may be observed in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, and it is important to consider these factors in clinical assessment and intervention processes.

Objective: Diabetes poses a significant global health threat due to its increasing prevalence and associated comorbidities, straining healthcare systems worldwide. Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbidities in individuals with diabetes, and their underlying mechanisms have been a subject of research. This study investigated the influence of metacognitions and metacognitions about symptom control (MaSC) on depression and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), specifically examining their effects beyond illness representations.

Method: Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study involved 153 T2D patients. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Metacognitions about Symptom Control Scale-Revised (MaSCS-R), and the Protection Motivation Theory Scale for COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors.

Results: Hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for socio-demographic variables, fear of COVID-19, and illness representations, negative metacognitions about symptom control predicted 2% of anxiety and 4% of depression; metacognitions predicted 10% of anxiety and 9% of depression.

Conclusion: Metacognitions predicted both depression and anxiety, supporting the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model. Metacognitive therapy could be an alternative for managing emotional distress in T2D patients and may contribute to future research.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the frequency of eating disorders (ED) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls, and to investigate potential relationships between eating attitudes, quality of life, and personality traits as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/ BAS) Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study in the psychiatry outpatient clinic. We included 76 BD patients and 74 controls who were similar in terms of gender, age, and education level. We utilized Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BASS), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Quality of Life Scale Short Form (SF-36).

Results: The frequency of ED was 18.4% in participants with BD and 1.3% in the control group. Compared with the control group; the physical function subscales scores, role difficulty physical subscales scores, social function and role difficulty emotional subscale scores of SF-36 were lower in BD patients; while the BAS, the EAT, the NEQ scales and eating concern, body concern and weight concern subscales and mean scores of the EDE-Q were found to be higher.

Conclusions: The frequency of ED is increased in BD patients. Our study is one of very few in the literature to examine the comorbidity of BD and ED, and the factor associated with the presence of ED. The data obtained will hopefullly contribute to better diagnosis and treatment Keywords: Bipolar disorder, behavioral activation systems, behavioral ınhibition system, eating attitude test, eating disorder.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depressive symptoms and neurocognitive functions during treatment and follow-up.

Methods: A total of 65 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, with a >16 scores in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) and a >18 scores in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), participated in the study. The Ham-D, BDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Colour and Word Test, Number Sequence Test, Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, and Verbal Fluency Test were administered at baseline, 1st-, and 3rd-month for both treatment and control groups.

Results: A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 25 in the TMS group and 26 in the non-TMS group completed the followup. At the first month, 73.5% of patients in the TMS group showed a full treatment response, compared to 29.03% in the non-TMS group (p=0.001). At the third month, the treatment response rate decreased to 40% in the TMS group, whereas it was 42.3% in the non-TMS group, and the significant difference between the groups disappeared (p=0.918). In terms of cognitive functions, no significant changes were observed in either group at the first- and third-month follow-ups compared to baseline.

Conclusion: TMS had a strong acute antidepressant effect; however, this effect diminished over time during the follow-up period. Although partial improvement was observed in cognitive functions, this improvement did not reach statistical significance.

Objective: The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illness. This study aims to investigate the effects of patients' psychopathology severity and cognitive functions on caregiver burden.

Method: Forty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 and their primary caregivers were included in this cross- sectional descriptive study. The severity of the caregiver burden in the relatives of the patients was evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Symptom severity of the patients was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were applied to assess the cognitive functions of the patients.

Results: The mean ZCBS score was 47.7±26.9 in the primary caregivers of the patients. There was a significant negative correlation between ZCBS and patients' education level, time since recent hospitalization, and RAVLT scores, and a significant positive correlation between TMT, Stroop Test, and SANS scores.

Conclusion: To reduce the caregiver burden, psychosocial interventions for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms involving patients and their families should be considered a priority.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors that may influence attitudes toward sexual orientation among medical students and to explore the relationship between attitudes regarding gender roles, sexual myths, and homophobia.

Method: A total of 457 medical students from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University in Turkiye were included in the study during the 2022- 2023 academic year. Participants received the Sociodemographic Data Form, Hudson & Ricketts Homophobia Scale, Sexual Myths Scale, and Gender Role Attitudes Scale.

Results: Homophobia scores were found to be lower among fifth- and sixth-grade medical students compared to first-year students. Lower rates of homophobia were observed in students receiving psychiatric treatment and those who identify as secular. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between sexual myths and homophobia, and a negative correlation between gender role attitudes and homophobia. Predictors of homophobia include right-wing political orientation, conservatism, a high belief in sexual myths, and non-egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles. Finally, a mediation analysis demonstrated that attitudes toward gender roles serve as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between sexual myths and homophobia.

Conclusion: The findings of our study highlight the significance of psychosocial and cultural factors in shaping attitudes toward sexual orientation and the need for accurate and comprehensive sexuality education in the medical curriculum. It is expected that thorough and equitable education will mitigate the stress associated with homophobia.