Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: We aimed to investigate the factors that affect the likelihood of suicide in the elderly, with a focus on individuals aged 80 and older.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 nursing homes in the Manisa province, Turkiye. The data has been collected through face-to-face using a socio-demographic data form, the life satisfaction scale, and the suicide probability scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0, non-parametric statistical methods have been employed.

Results: The study included 278 elderly participants, 5 outliers were removed from the analysis. Among the included elderly participants (n=273), the anger score averages of males were higher. Low, high, and moderate income were found to have a higher suicide probability respectively. Those who resided in a nursing home for 3 years or more had higher anger scores. Elderly individuals residing in publicly funded nursing homes had higher averages in suicide probability, negative self, exhaustion, and anger scores. Further analyses were performed among the octogenarian population (n=149). Octogenarian males had higher scores in Suicide Probability, Disconnection from Life, and Anger Scale than the female octagenarian participants. Octogenarians with low income were found to experience a lack of attachment to life and higher levels of anger. In publicly funded nursing homes, octogenarians had higher suicide probability and anger scores compared to those in private nursing homes.

Conclusion: The risk of suicide in octogenarians should be taken seriously. Factors such as gender, income level, and type of nursing home can influence this risk.

Objective: Forensic psychiatry is an intersection where the fields of law and psychiatry perform joint functions. It is observed that children and adolescents are involved in forensic cases at significant rates both in our country and globally. This study aims to explore the differences between children drawn into crime and victims, as well as the factors influencing recidivism, by evaluating forensic cases over a three-year period.

Method: This study evaluated the records of 232 patients, who met the study criteria and had detailed data, from a total of 257 forensic cases seen at the child psychiatry clinic between October 2020 and October 2023.

Results: Regression analysis was conducted to identify factors most strongly associated with recidivism. The following variables were found to be significantly related to repeat offending, independent of other factors: parental separation (b=1.607, Exp (b)=4.988, p=0.005), presence of drug use (b=2.255, Exp (b)=9.536, p=0.009), and a history of crime among first-degree relatives (b=3.279, Exp (b)=26.551, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in psychiatric diagnoses between children with repeat offenses and those undergoing their initial forensic evaluations.

Conclusion: Drug use, a history of crime in first-degree relatives, and parental separation were significant factors in the occurrence and continuation of criminal behavior. To address child crime—a pressing social issue—it is essential to investigate the factors contributing to recidivism. Future research should focus on larger, long-term studies that incorporate diverse cultural and regional characteristics to develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence and distribution of depressive symptoms in individuals aged 15 and older, as well as the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health status and health behaviors.

Method: The analysis of data collected from the Türkiye Health Surveys conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSAT) in 2016 and 2019 involved using the Chi-Square independence test. Effect sizes were evaluated using Phi or Cramer's V coefficients. Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) module was used to scan the depressive symptoms.

Results: The adult population's point of prevalence of depressive symptoms was 4.7%±0.24 in males and 8%±0.19 in females, with a population total of 6.3%±0.21. The yearly prevalence of depressive symptoms was 6.1%±0.45 in males, 13.2%±0.53 in females and a population total of 10%±0.49. Age, gender, income, education, social support, health status, disability, and chronic illnesses were found to be significant predictors of the incidence of depressive symptoms (p<0,05). The results indicated that the rate of people with depression getting help from psychologists, psychotherapists, and psychiatrists was low.

Conclusion: Age, gender, income, education, marital status, self-rated health status, social support, number of chronic illnesses, and disability were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. In addition to such self-reported research completed before the pandemic and Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye, further studies based on structured diagnostic interviews are required.

Objectives: Accurate assessment of anxiety symptoms in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be challenging due to the lack of appropriate assessment tools. This study aimed to adapt the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder- Parent Version into Turkish (referred to as ASC-ASD-P-TR) to enable parents to assess anxiety in children with ASD.

Methods: This methodological study was conducted between October 2023 and March 2024 with parents of children diagnosed with ASD aged 8-15 years. 371 parents participated in the study. Data were collected online. Content validity, construct validity, internal reliability and split-half reliability. were examined.

Results: The construct of the ASC-ASD-P-TR, which consists of four dimensions (Performance, Separation, Arousal, and Uncertainty) and 24 items, was validated in Turkish. The scale has a score range between 24 and 96, and an increase in score means an increase in anxiety. The total variance explained by the scale is 61%. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the overall scale is 0.94. In the sub-dimensions of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha value was between 0.66 and 0.80.

Conclusion: The ASC-ASD-P-TR is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing anxiety in children with ASD in Turkiye.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the level of trauma experienced after the earthquake and sleep.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 773 nursing students studying at two state universities located at the earthquake-affected provinces. Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used in the study.

Results: The average score on the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale was 56,81±17,68 for female students and 50.84±16.98 for male students (p<0.001). The students who had a history of a psychiatric disorder, whose houses were severely damaged and whose relatives were trapped under rubble were more affected by the earthquake (p<0.001). It was found that the students with low income, heavily damaged residences, and whose relatives were trapped under rubble had worse sleep quality (p<0.001). A weak positive correlation was determined between the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r=0.444, p<0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that female students, who were trapped under the rubble and whose houses were heavily damaged, were greatly affected by the earthquake. These students should be identified by school administrations and receive psychological support. Their trauma levels and sleep qualities should also be assessed following the earthquake. ​Keywords: Earthquakes, Trauma, Sleep, Students.

Objective: Speech disorders in mental illnesses are usually chronic and associated with poorer outcome. Recently, different types of speech features in mental illnesses can be examined by computer technology. The aim of our study is to examine the content of speech in depression and mania and to investigate the themes that differentiate the diagnostic groups.

Method: 30 patients diagnosed with depression, 30 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder manic episode and 30 healthy control were included in the study. All participants were performed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. The participants were asked to speak free for ten minutes and then their speech content was analyzed with the “General Inquirer” computer program. This program analyzes the participants’ use of a total of 4919 words in the Harvard Psychosocial Dictionary, which are categorized in 83 themes on topics related to psychosocial, emotion, behavior, thought, natural and cultural environment.

Results: The diagnostic groups were identified by speech content categories with an accuracy rate of 81%. Patients in mania and depression groups were clustered in the same direction in discriminant analysis by the themes of speech content. ‘’self’’ and ‘’academic’’ themes were the most discriminative categories between the patient and control groups.

Conclusion: The content of speech in mania and depression is different from individuals without mental disorders and that computer-assisted analysis tools can distinguish diagnostic groups from each other and from healthy group. Future studies in which structural, vocal and content features of speech are evaluated together and used more advanced computer technologies will contribute to the literature.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between university students' difficulties regulating emotions and their tendency to gamble.

Method: The population of this cross-sectional and correlational study consisted of 69,000 undergraduate level students studying at three state universities in three different provinces in Turkey between February-September 2022. Based on the calculation using the sampling method of the known population, study data were collected face-to-face from 750 students. The data were collected using three tools: a descriptive information form, the South Oaks Gambling Screening Test (SOGS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among the scales' mean scores.

Results: Of the participating university students, 51.6% were female and 48.4% were male. Of these students, 42% stated that they had gambled at least once in their lives and 25.3% of them were still gambling. The mean DERS score was 38.14±14.37, which indicated a moderate difficulty in emotional regulation, and the mean SOGS score was 5.12±3.18. A positive and significant correlation was found between DERS SOGS (r=0.304, p<0.05). It was determined that university students' tendency to gamble was predicted by the three sub-dimensions of the DERS (Clarity (β=0.258, p=0.001), Purpose (β=0.156, p=0.021) and Non-Acceptance (β=1.768, p=0.001)), being male and gambling status in the family (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Emotional regulation difficulties in university students may play an important role in their gambling tendencies.

Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-Revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R-SSI) into Turkish and assess its psychometric properties.

Method: This study was conducted with two separate samples of patients diagnosed with psychosomatic disorders between the ages of 18-65 at Gazi University Psychiatry Clinic. For inter-rater reliability analysis, a sample of 100 participants was evaluated by two raters and kappa coefficient was calculated. Validity analysis used samples from both patient and community groups. For criterion validity, the relationship between DCPR diagnoses and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ- 15), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was analyzed with the Point Biserial Correlation Coefficient. The distribution of DCPR diagnoses in the community and hospital samples was analyzed.

Results: The mean age of the sample for inter-rater reliability analysis was 33.5±13.0 years and 55% were female. Kappa values for 14 DCPR-R diagnoses were between 0.823-0.964. The hospital and community samples included 110 people from the community and 100 from the hospital. In the validity analyses, Allostatic Overload showed a significant relationship with HADS-Depression, HADS-Anxiety, PHQ-15 and HAI. Demoralization and Demoralization with Hopelessness showed a significant relationship with all scales. Type A Behavior was weakly correlated with all scales, whereas Alexithymia was strongly correlated with the TAS. The five most common DCPR-R diagnoses were Allostatic Overload (55.2%), Demoralization (36.1%), Alexithymia (29.0%), Type A Behavior (27.6%), Irritable Mood (15.7%), Persistent Somatization (11.9%) and Health Anxiety (10.9%).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Turkish version of DCPR-R is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Objectives: The study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) in borderline personality disorder (BPD) with healthy individuals and to investigate the relationships between HRV parameters and impulsivity, emotion regulation, and neurocognitive performances.

Method: Twenty-one female patients with the diagnosis of BPD and twenty healthy women were enrolled in this study. All participants were assessed by a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Minnesota Impulse Control Disorder Interview Scale. They were asked to fill out a sociodemographic information form, a Borderline Personality Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11, the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The trial-making test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the verbal fluency test, the Stroop test-TABG form, and the continuous performance test were applied. Holter recordings were taken from the participants at rest and while they watched emotion-evoking videos, and HRV parameters were calculated.

Results: While watching neutral and fear videos, the low-frequency band/ high-frequency band ratio (LF/HF) was found to be higher in the patient group compared to the control group, and no difference was found in the other parameters. A number of differences in terms of impulse control, affect regulation, and neurocognitive skills have been determined (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between HRV and self-report scales and neurocognitive test scores.

Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, HRV is found to be similar between BPD patients and healthy subjects. HRV was not associated with impulse control, affect regulation or cognitive functions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in the parents of children diagnosed with language disorder (LD) and to compare these characteristics with those of parents of typically developing children.

Method: The study included 76 children diagnosed with LD and 71 typically developing controls, along with their parents. The diagnosis of LD was based on DSM-5 criteria. Language and other developmental domains were assessed using the Denver II developmental screening test. Neurodevelopmental symptoms in parents were evaluated using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).

Results: Maternal education level was significantly lower in the LD group compared to parents of typically developing children (p<0.001). Parents of children with LD scored significantly higher on the TAS, WURS, and AQ scales compared to the control group (all p <0.001). Deficits in speech and language abilities were observed among the children of parents who obtained high scores (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.006).

Conclusion: The presence of neurodevelopmental symptoms in parents may confer the risk of language, cognitive, and other neurodevelopmental delays in their children. Early diagnosis and family-centered intervention approaches are critical to mitigating these risks and supporting psychosocial functioning.