Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

Listeriosis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, intracellular rod bacterium that can infect a wide variety of species. Listeriosis occurs in a diverse range of domestic and wild animals but is most commonly a disease of ruminants. Clinical signs include meningoencephalitis, typhlocolitis, septic arthritis, and abortions. Listeriosis in horses has been reported in several countries but is an uncommon diagnosis. This report describes clinical, bacteriological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in 6 foals with neonatal septicemia from which L. monocytogenes was isolated. Key clinical message: Listeriosis is considered rare in neonatal foals but should be considered in neonatal foals exhibiting septicemia and neurological signs. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and blood culture testing are crucial in establishing the diagnosis, though L. monocytogenes is difficult to isolate. Cases in foals have a high risk of non-survival.

A 2-year-old neutered male terrier-mix dog was presented to a multispecialty hospital because of acute onset of lethargy and a single episode of vomiting. The dog was unstable on admission and had a moderate hemoperitoneum as determined by point-of-care ultrasonography. Additional diagnostic tests revealed a cranial mediastinal mass and scant pleural effusion. After the dog was stabilized, a computed tomographic scan confirmed a cranial mediastinal mass with bicavitary effusion as well as bicavitary lymphadenopathy. Cytologic examination of thoracic fluid was most consistent with intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma. The dog was treated with a single glucocorticoid injection, a single administration of L-asparaginase, and oral glucocorticoid therapy that was tapered to discontinuation. The dog was presented deceased on arrival at 38 d after the initial presentation to the specialty hospital. This case report describes an uncommon differential diagnosis to consider in cases of hemoperitoneum. Key clinical message: Hemoperitoneum may occur secondary to non-intra-abdominal disease, such as mediastinal lymphoma, and a complete systemic workup should be completed.

Objective and procedure: Anonymous surveys were completed by swine veterinarians in Ontario and western Canada to obtain insights to enhance development of training and recruitment programs to attract swine veterinarians to practice. The surveys probed what swine veterinarians do, attractants to swine medicine, swine-related experience, university education, and preparedness for swine practice.

Results: Most respondents (30/44) had started or completed a degree in agriculture or animal science/husbandry before veterinary school and most (40/51) had obtained swine experience before graduation. Seventy percent (31/44) of respondents spent > 90% of their professional time working with pigs and 70% (31/44) were working at full capacity. Frequent factors attracting veterinarians to swine medicine were mentorship, enjoyment of the job, and desire to work in population/food-animal medicine. Preparedness for swine practice was variable upon graduation, with 19/51 respondents feeling confident but requiring expert advice or resources, 8/51 feeling they lacked clinical training, and 12/51 understanding only basic principles. Preparedness was correlated (rho = 0.3; P = 0.035) with number of educational opportunities completed during veterinary school.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Swine-medicine training programs targeting the commercial swine industry should include a variety of clinical and experiential learning opportunities, ideally facilitated by private-sector partnerships.

A 6-year-old castrated male American pit bull mix dog was presented with acute vomiting, lethargy, and abdominal distention. Abdominal radiographs revealed a mass effect in the right cranial abdomen, with regional loss of serosal detail. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography identified a non-enhancing, malpositioned papillary process of the caudate liver lobe with associated venous thrombosis and surrounding peritoneal effusion. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed a 360° torsion of the papillary process of the caudate liver lobe, necessitating lobectomy. Histopathologic assessment demonstrated hepatic infarction with no evidence of neoplasia, and postoperative recovery was uneventful. Liver lobe torsion is a rare, life-threatening condition in dogs, often presenting with nonspecific gastrointestinal signs. Definitive diagnosis relies on advanced imaging, with contrast-enhanced computed tomography particularly valuable for identifying patterns characteristic of organ torsion. This case highlights the importance of considering liver lobe torsion as a differential diagnosis in dogs with acute abdominal signs and supports the role of timely surgical intervention in achieving favorable outcomes. Key clinical message: Liver lobe torsion, though rare, should be considered in dogs presented with acute gastrointestinal signs and abdominal effusion. Prompt diagnosis using advanced imaging and timely surgical intervention can lead to an excellent prognosis.

Background: The frequency and sizes of animal health events, including outbreaks of infectious and zoonotic diseases, are rising globally, driven by factors such as intensified animal production, expanded transportation networks, and increased human-animal interactions. Weaknesses in disease surveillance systems further exacerbate the spread of diseases, underscoring the need for robust early warning systems (EWS) to enable timely interventions and prevent large-scale outbreaks. The Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS) plays an important role in Canada's national animal health infrastructure, functioning as a collaborative "network of networks" to strengthen and enhance surveillance, making it a key component of Canada's animal health EWS.

Objective: This study aimed to i) identify key components of a robust EWS; and ii) evaluate CAHSS's strengths, limitations, opportunities, and threats in fulfilling this role.

Procedure: A rapid scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature was conducted using electronic databases and government resources. The review assessed factors within the Food and Agriculture Organization's draft Strategic Framework for Early Warning Systems in Animal Health, including i) surveillance, ii) risk monitoring, iii) communication, and iv) decision support. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis was undertaken to evaluate the role of CAHSS within Canada's EWS for animal health threats and inform key recommendations.

Results conclusion and clinical relevance: The review underscores CAHSS's role in fostering trust among stakeholders, promoting valuable information-sharing, and highlights opportunities to enhance early warning by clarifying roles and responsibilities across partners and integrating additional technologies to improve data accessibility and analytical capabilities. By identifying CAHSS's strengths and areas for growth, this review aims to inform future efforts to strengthen Canada's capacity to prevent, prepare for, and respond to emerging animal health threats.

Background: Ocular effects, most notably retinal degeneration, have been linked to enrofloxacin use in cats. However, data have been limited and there is a need for formal evidence synthesis to better understand and characterize these potentially life-altering adverse events.

Objective: The objective was to describe data regarding ocular adverse events associated with enrofloxacin administration in cats and to identify information gaps.

Procedure: A scoping review was conducted, searching the MEDLINE (via the Ovid platform), Web of Science, and CAB Abstracts bibliographic databases.

Results: Six references passed title and abstract screening, then full text screening: 1 case series (n = 17 cases), 3 single case reports, 1 conference research abstract (n = 2 cases), and 1 pharmacovigilance summary publication. There were reports of enrofloxacin-associated adverse ocular events in 163 cats. Loss of vision, mydriasis, and altered pupillary light responses were most commonly reported. Increased tapetal reflectivity, retinal vessel attenuation, and retinal degeneration were the most common abnormalities on ophthalmological examination. Most cats had permanent blindness or altered vision. Most cats had received doses well in excess of the current label recommendation, but 15/103 (14%) cats for which dosing data were available were reported to have received ≤ 5 mg/kg per day.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Suspected enrofloxacin-associated ocular disease in cats typically resulted in long-term blindness or visual deficits, but full recovery occurred in a subset. Inadequate data were available to assess potential risk factors (e.g., age, dose). Although a dose of ≤ 5 mg/kg per day will likely reduce the likelihood of adverse events, these data indicated that ocular disease was still possible at that dosage.