Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the important endemic diseases in swine populations. Monitoring PRRS frequency in commercial herd populations has often been based on laboratory submissions. However, a limitation of this approach is that new clinical outbreaks of PRRS are challenging to identify if epidemiological information is not provided. This hinders the estimation of basic measures such as incidence.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe a system to monitor new clinical outbreaks in Ontario sow herds and to report the incidence of clinical PRRS outbreaks in a subset of Ontario sow herds.

Procedure: We compared herd-level outbreak data from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Cases were confirmed as positive based on observation of sow herds with typical clinical signs suggestive of PRRS, followed by laboratory confirmation of the PRRS virus.

Results and conclusion: The incidences from year to year were similar (P = 0.058) and were lower compared to estimates in the United States. Descriptively, the highest cumulative incidence was during 2018 (annual incidence risk = 0.067 cases per 100 sow herds, 95% CI = 0.050 to 0.090). This was characterized by an unusually high number of cases reported in the summer.

This retrospective case series reports on French bulldogs diagnosed with patellar maltracking without patellar luxation. We describe clinical presentation, joint exploration, and surgical treatment with patellar groove replacement to alleviate maltracking in the first attempt. Three French bulldogs were included. Clinical presentation was similar in all cases, with intermittent skipping lameness of 1 hind limb, absence of patellar luxation, and patellar maltracking. Joint exploration revealed abnormal conflict between the patella and medial ridge of the trochlea, with secondary severe erosion of articular cartilages of both patella and medial ridge of the trochlea. Patellar groove replacement was completed without perioperative or postoperative complications. Follow-up results and owner satisfaction were excellent in all cases. Patellar maltracking should be included as a differential diagnosis for stifle lameness in French bulldogs. Patellar groove replacement should be considered to alleviate maltracking associated with secondary severe patellofemoral erosion. Key clinical message: Patellar maltracking seems to be a misdiagnosed component of patellar luxation in the dog, particularly in the French bulldog. Patellar groove replacement may be a first-attempt surgical treatment to alleviate the maltracking.

Development of gonadal tumors within an ovotestis is rare in mammals and this disturbance was not reported in cows. We report herein a gonadal stromal (granulosa cell) tumor in an ovotestis of a 15-month-old heifer from which the reproductive tract was obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Histopathological evaluation revealed that the gonads were ovotestis, but also a coincidental sex cordstromal (granulosa cell) tumor. The sex chromosome type was determined to be XX, suggesting an XX ovotesticular disorder of sexual development with uterus and a female phenotype. Key clinical message: Disorders of sexual development are common in mammals. Gonadal tumors in disorders of sexual development are rarely reported and have not been reported in cows.

A newborn (5 h old) quarter horse colt was presented because of lethargy and severe abdominal distention. Uroperitoneum was suspected during initial workup, based on sonographic imaging and peritoneal fluid analysis. Definitive diagnosis was confirmed during exploratory celiotomy. Surgery revealed a congenitally abnormal allantoic stalk/urachal remnant and a failure of embryological fusion of the dorsal bladder wall. Recovery was successful and the animal is now a healthy, 4-year-old western performance gelding. These specific congenital abnormalities have not been previously documented in the peer-reviewed literature. Key clinical message: Congenital abnormalities of the urachus and the urinary bladder should be suspected in foals with uroperitoneum at birth. Cases involving congenital abnormalities of the urachus and urinary bladder might have favorable prognoses if animals retain adequate function of the urogenital tract and do not have secondary complications before and following surgery.

This report describes the decision-making, surgical management, and rehabilitation plan for an amputation at the level of the proximal radius in a 75-kilogram goat. The information provided in our report may aid veterinarians in educating and reassuring pet-goat owners about the different aspects involved with amputation, helping to better inform their decisions for the associated intensive postoperative care and rehabilitation time. Key clinical message: Amputation of a front limb in a large-sized goat can be perceived by pet-goat owners as a positive outcome and associated with good quality of life. Client support before surgery is key to aiding in a good outcome.

Background: Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is a common respiratory condition typically associated with high-density populations.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the most common pathogens involved in CIRDC and to identify risk factors (pathogens, environmental exposures) associated with the diagnosis.

Animals and procedure: A prospective, multi-clinic, case-control study was conducted in Canada from April 2017 to May 2018. A total of 110 dogs (74 cases, 36 controls) were enrolled by participating veterinary clinics. Pathogens were detected using a respiratory PCR panel.

Results: Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) were detected in cases only. According to 2 logistic regression models, detection of CPIV (OR: 14.42; 95% CI: 2.24 to ∞) and CRCoV (OR: 8.64; 95% CI: 1.26 to ∞) were associated with CIRDC disease status. In another model, exposures to multiple-dog gatherings also increased the odds (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.26 to 9.81) of CIRDC diagnosis.

Conclusions: Consistent with other studies, this study determined that CPIV, CRCoV, and B. bronchiseptica were important contributors to CIRDC cases. Detection of CPIV and CRCoV and exposure to areas of dog gatherings were identified as having a role in disease status when evaluated statistically, under the conditions of this study.