Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

This case report describes a 10-year-old spayed female domestic medium-hair cat with chronic upper respiratory signs related to a remnant of the left globe in the orbit after incomplete enucleation, causing a draining tract. A CT scan, complete blood (cell) count, biochemical analysis, rhinoscopy, biopsy, culture, histopathologic analysis, and surgical revision of enucleation were done. Complete blood (cell) count was unremarkable. Biochemical analysis showed mild hyperglycemia at 9.38 mmol/L [referral range (RR): 3.95 to 8.84 mmol/L] and hyperglobulinemia at 56 g/L (RR: 28 to 51 g/L). The CT scan showed a soft-tissue opacity consisting of a cyst in the orbit from the previously enucleated eye with a draining tract and a completed destruction of the nasal turbinates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from nasal biopsies. Histopathologic analysis of the nasal tissue showed lymphocytic and neutrophilic rhinitis with edema. Revision surgery was carried out to remove the orbital cysts. Histopathologic analysis of the cyst in the left orbit revealed a distorted globe with almost all the ocular structures. Upon recheck a few weeks later, no discharge from the surgical site was observed. However, mild chronic discharge remained present in both nostrils. This is the first report of incomplete enucleation in a cat leading to chronic nasal signs. Removing the entire globe with the conjunctiva and lacrimal glands is important to minimize postsurgical complications. Key clinical message: This is the first case report of chronic nasal signs secondary to an incomplete enucleation in a cat. Key factors of the surgery include removal of the entire globe with the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and eyelid margin to prevent secondary complications.

Objective: To compare cardiovascular outcomes in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma with and without phenoxybenzamine pretreatment.

Animals: A total of 65 medical records from dogs at 5 veterinary hospitals.

Procedure: Records from January 2004 to December 2021 were evaluated for systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressures; numbers of hypertensive and hypotensive episodes; highest and lowest systolic arterial pressure differences; dose and duration of phenoxybenzamine; and presence of intraoperative arrhythmias. Phenoxybenzamine-pretreated dogs (Group PT, n = 33) and dogs not receiving phenoxybenzamine (Group N, n = 31) were compared. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, Student's t-test was used for normally distributed data, and Fisher's exact test was used for ordinal and categorical data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess effect of pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine on occurrence of hypotension and hypertension, allowing for adjustment for confounding variables (P < 0.05).

Results: Median (range) phenoxybenzamine dose was 0.46 (0.08 to 2.0) mg/kg, PO, q12h. Peak systolic and mean arterial pressures, lowest systolic and mean arterial pressures, duration of hypertension, duration of sinus tachycardia, number of hypotensive episodes, and duration of hypotension were not different between groups. More hypertensive episodes (P = 0.01) and anesthetic events involving hypertension (P = 0.02) were recorded in Group PT than in Group N.

Conclusion: In dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma, phenoxybenzamine pretreatment as administered did not offer any cardiovascular benefits based on the measured variables, and may be associated with more intraoperative hypertensive episodes.

Clinical relevance: Intraoperative changes in cardiovascular variables are prevalent in dogs with pheochromocytoma undergoing adrenalectomy. Further evaluation of pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine is needed to determine its role in these cases.

This report describes the presentation and management of an incidental primary splenic hemangiosarcoma with hemorrhagic muscle metastasis following an incisional biopsy of a temporalis mass in a dog. In the absence of clinical signs related to the primary splenic lesion, skeletal muscle metastasis of hemangiosarcoma could be misdiagnosed as isolated primary tumor, resulting in failure to provide an accurate prognosis and effective treatment of the primary tumor itself. A thorough diagnostic imaging workup in patients presenting with blood-filled subcutaneous or muscular masses is fundamental to rule out a primary visceral hemangiosarcoma. In addition, the report describes the use of tranexamic acid as an effective local treatment for acute hemorrhage control from a musculoskeletal metastatic lesion that warrants further investigation. Key clinical message: The diagnosis and management of a multi-metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma in a dog that was presented with hemorrhagic temporal muscle metastasis is reported. An alternative method to control acute hemorrhage using local tranexamic acid is described.

Extrahepatic bile-duct obstruction is commonly caused by pancreatitis in canines. Surgical decompression of the biliary tree is required when medical management is unsuccessful. The clinical presentation often includes severe vomiting and abdominal pain requiring targeted analgesic and anesthetic protocols. Locoregional anesthesia has been largely advocated as part of multimodal analgesic plans to reduce opioid consumption and decrease opioid-related side effects. This report describes a case where the lateral quadratus lumborum block provided effective analgesia and opioid-sparing effect in a 7-year-old mixed-breed dog with extrahepatic bile-duct obstruction undergoing common bile-duct stent placement. Key clinical message: Anesthetic stability in critically ill patients undergoing abdominal surgery is challenging. However, implementation of an ultrasound-guided locoregional technique may help blunt the sympathetic response to surgery and reduce opioid requirements, facilitating anesthetic stability and a comfortable early postoperative period. This is apparently the first report on using ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block in a critically ill dog with pancreatitis.

Background: Bipolar vessel-sealing devices (BVSD) have been used for muscle transection in canine limb amputations; however, a retrospective study of their use, and particularly the short-term complications, has not yet been reported.

Objectives: To describe the use of a BVSD as the main method for muscle transection in canine limb amputations and to report the incidence of short-term incisional complications following these surgeries.

Animals and procedure: Medical records of dogs undergoing limb amputations using a BVSD from January 2017 to December 2018 were reviewed for demographics, preoperative findings, intraoperative complications, and short-term outcomes. Exclusion criteria included surgery and anesthesia time not recorded, or short-term postoperative follow-up data not available for review. Complications noted in the medical record up to the time of suture removal were included in the review.

Results: A total of 27 cases met selection criteria, including amputations of 17 forelimbs and 10 pelvic limbs. There were no intraoperative complications noted. Median duration between surgery and suture removal was 13 d (range: 4 to 23 d). Seroma formation occurred in 1 case (3.7%), whereas convalescent surgical-site infections were identified in 3 cases (11%). All complications were documented in dogs weighing > 27 kg.

Conclusion: Use of a BVSD as the main method of muscle transection in canine limb amputations is a safe and feasible alternative to more traditional methods of limb amputation. Surgical-site infection and seroma formation were the only documented complications in the present study. The complication rate was similar to rates described previously; therefore, using a BVSD for muscle transection seems a viable alternative to traditional methods of limb amputation.

Clinical relevance: Given similar incisional complication rates when compared to more traditional methods of muscle transection, a BVSD may be considered for an alternative method of muscle transection in canine limb amputations.

A 4-month-old intact male Siamese cat was presented immediately after being found in a washing machine following 30 min of a cold-water wash cycle. The kitten demonstrated clinical signs of shock, respiratory distress, hypothermia, coagulopathy, traumatic brain injury, and ocular injury. Resuscitation and treatment involving IV fluid therapy, hyperosmotic agents, oxygen supplementation, antifibrinolytics, a plasma transfusion, antioxidant medications, broad-spectrum antibiotics, analgesics, topical ophthalmic medications, and intensive nursing care were required. The kitten was discharged 5 d after hospitalization and was reported to be neurologically normal at 11 mo after the incident. This case highlights the many clinical syndromes that may manifest with washing-machine entrapment, as well as the potential for a positive outcome. Key clinical message: Clinical descriptions of cats undergoing or surviving washing-machine entrapment and their resulting injuries are rare, as are reports of traumatic coagulopathies. This report describes clinical conditions of traumatic brain injury, suspected traumatic coagulopathy, and other injuries in a kitten after accidental entrapment within a washing machine. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a cat surviving an extended washing-machine cycle with development of coagulopathy.