Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1211
Laura Kuett, Alina Bollhagen, Sandra Tietscher, Bettina Sobottka, Nils Eling, Zsuzsanna Varga, Holger Moch, Natalie de Souza, Bernd Bodenmiller
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with distant metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Elucidating the changes in the tumor and immune ecosystems that are associated with metastatic disease is essential to improve understanding and ultimately treatment of metastasis. Here, we developed an in-depth, spatially resolved single-cell atlas of the phenotypic diversity of tumor and immune cells in primary human breast tumors and matched distant metastases, using imaging mass cytometry to analyze a total of 75 unique antibody targets. While the same tumor cell phenotypes were typically present in primary tumors and metastatic sites, suggesting a strong founder effect of the primary tumor, their proportions varied between matched samples. Notably, the metastatic site did not influence tumor phenotype composition, except for the brain. Metastatic sites exhibited a lower number of immune cells overall, but had a higher proportion of myeloid cells as well as exhausted and cytotoxic T cells. Myeloid cells showed distinct tissue-specific compositional signatures and increased presence of potentially matrix remodeling phenotypes in metastatic sites. This analysis of tumor and immune cell phenotypic composition of metastatic breast cancer highlights the heterogeneity of the disease within patients and across distant metastatic sites, indicating myeloid cells as the predominant immune modulators that could potentially be targeted at these sites.
乳腺癌是女性最常确诊的癌症,远处转移是乳腺癌相关死亡的主要原因。阐明与转移性疾病相关的肿瘤和免疫生态系统的变化,对于更好地理解和最终治疗转移性疾病至关重要。在这里,我们利用成像质谱仪分析了总共 75 个独特的抗体靶点,建立了一个深入、空间分辨的单细胞图谱,显示了原发性人类乳腺肿瘤和匹配的远处转移瘤中肿瘤和免疫细胞的表型多样性。虽然原发肿瘤和转移部位通常存在相同的肿瘤细胞表型,这表明原发肿瘤具有很强的奠基效应,但它们的比例在匹配样本之间存在差异。值得注意的是,转移部位并不影响肿瘤表型的组成,但脑部除外。转移部位的免疫细胞总体数量较少,但髓系细胞以及衰竭性和细胞毒性 T 细胞的比例较高。髓系细胞显示出独特的组织特异性组成特征,在转移部位存在更多潜在的基质重塑表型。这项对转移性乳腺癌的肿瘤和免疫细胞表型组成的分析凸显了该疾病在患者体内和远处转移部位的异质性,表明髓系细胞是主要的免疫调节因子,有可能成为这些部位的靶点。
{"title":"Distant Metastases of Breast Cancer Resemble Primary Tumors in Cancer Cell Composition but Differ in Immune Cell Phenotypes","authors":"Laura Kuett, Alina Bollhagen, Sandra Tietscher, Bettina Sobottka, Nils Eling, Zsuzsanna Varga, Holger Moch, Natalie de Souza, Bernd Bodenmiller","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1211","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with distant metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Elucidating the changes in the tumor and immune ecosystems that are associated with metastatic disease is essential to improve understanding and ultimately treatment of metastasis. Here, we developed an in-depth, spatially resolved single-cell atlas of the phenotypic diversity of tumor and immune cells in primary human breast tumors and matched distant metastases, using imaging mass cytometry to analyze a total of 75 unique antibody targets. While the same tumor cell phenotypes were typically present in primary tumors and metastatic sites, suggesting a strong founder effect of the primary tumor, their proportions varied between matched samples. Notably, the metastatic site did not influence tumor phenotype composition, except for the brain. Metastatic sites exhibited a lower number of immune cells overall, but had a higher proportion of myeloid cells as well as exhausted and cytotoxic T cells. Myeloid cells showed distinct tissue-specific compositional signatures and increased presence of potentially matrix remodeling phenotypes in metastatic sites. This analysis of tumor and immune cell phenotypic composition of metastatic breast cancer highlights the heterogeneity of the disease within patients and across distant metastatic sites, indicating myeloid cells as the predominant immune modulators that could potentially be targeted at these sites.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1846
Eleonora Sementino, Dalal Hassan, Alfonso Bellacosa, Joseph R. Testa
Nearly a quarter century ago, Hanahan and Weinberg conceived six unifying principles explaining how normal cells transform into malignant tumors. Their provisional set of biological capabilities acquired during tumor development cancer hallmarks would evolve to fourteen tenets as knowledge of cancer genomes, molecular mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment expanded, most recently adding four emerging enabling characteristics: phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes, and senescent cells. AKT kinases are critical signaling molecules that regulate cellular physiology upon receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. The complex branching of the AKT signaling network involves several critical downstream nodes that significantly magnify its functional impact, such that nearly every organ system and cell in the body may be affected by AKT activity. Conversely, tumor intrinsic dysregulation of AKT can have numerous adverse cellular and pathological ramifications, particularly in oncogenesis, as multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins regulate AKT signaling. Herein, we review the mounting evidence implicating the AKT pathway in the aggregate of currently recognized hallmarks of cancer underlying the complexities of human malignant diseases. The challenges, recent successes, and likely areas for exciting future advances in targeting this complex pathway are also discussed.
{"title":"AKT and the Hallmarks of Cancer","authors":"Eleonora Sementino, Dalal Hassan, Alfonso Bellacosa, Joseph R. Testa","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1846","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly a quarter century ago, Hanahan and Weinberg conceived six unifying principles explaining how normal cells transform into malignant tumors. Their provisional set of biological capabilities acquired during tumor development cancer hallmarks would evolve to fourteen tenets as knowledge of cancer genomes, molecular mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment expanded, most recently adding four emerging enabling characteristics: phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes, and senescent cells. AKT kinases are critical signaling molecules that regulate cellular physiology upon receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. The complex branching of the AKT signaling network involves several critical downstream nodes that significantly magnify its functional impact, such that nearly every organ system and cell in the body may be affected by AKT activity. Conversely, tumor intrinsic dysregulation of AKT can have numerous adverse cellular and pathological ramifications, particularly in oncogenesis, as multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins regulate AKT signaling. Herein, we review the mounting evidence implicating the AKT pathway in the aggregate of currently recognized hallmarks of cancer underlying the complexities of human malignant diseases. The challenges, recent successes, and likely areas for exciting future advances in targeting this complex pathway are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3643
Dongjiang Chen, Son B. Le, Harshit Manektalia, Tianyi Liu, Tarun E. Hutchinson, Adam O'Dell, Bodour Salhia, David D. Tran
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) employ low-intensity, alternating electric fields to exert antitumor activity and have demonstrated efficacy against multiple cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, cancer cells inevitably develop resistance to TTFields, highlighting the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms to develop approaches to induce durable responses. Using a gene network-based machine-learning algorithm, we interrogated TTFields-resistant GBM cells and uncovered a regulatory axis anchored by the prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) and the transcription factor zinc finger 488 (ZNF488). Mechanistically, TTFields induced EP3 upregulation and nuclear envelope localization, where it formed a complex with ZNF488 to induce resistance to TTFields by promoting self-renewal of glioma stem-like cells (GSC). Overexpression of EP3 and/or ZNF488 in TTFields-sensitive GSC conferred resistance and enhanced self-renewal, while expression of non-interacting mutants of these proteins abrogated formation of the nuclear complex and prevented resistance. Inhibition of either partner in this protein complex in resistant GSC, including those freshly isolated from TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, re-sensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of TTFields, concomitant with reduced self-renewal and in vivo tumorigenicity. Importantly, inhibition of EP3 in TTFields-sensitive GSC preemptively halted the development of resistance. The EP3–ZNF488 axis was significantly upregulated in TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, and co-expression of EP3 and ZNF488 in other cancers correlated with lower survival rates. Collectively, these results indicate that the nuclear EP3–ZNF488 axis is necessary and sufficient to establish TTFields resistance, underscoring the potential to target this axis to prevent or reverse resistance in GBM and possibly other cancers.
{"title":"The EP3–ZNF488 Axis Promotes Self-Renewal of Glioma Stem-like Cells to Induce Resistance to Tumor Treating Fields","authors":"Dongjiang Chen, Son B. Le, Harshit Manektalia, Tianyi Liu, Tarun E. Hutchinson, Adam O'Dell, Bodour Salhia, David D. Tran","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3643","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) employ low-intensity, alternating electric fields to exert antitumor activity and have demonstrated efficacy against multiple cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, cancer cells inevitably develop resistance to TTFields, highlighting the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms to develop approaches to induce durable responses. Using a gene network-based machine-learning algorithm, we interrogated TTFields-resistant GBM cells and uncovered a regulatory axis anchored by the prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) and the transcription factor zinc finger 488 (ZNF488). Mechanistically, TTFields induced EP3 upregulation and nuclear envelope localization, where it formed a complex with ZNF488 to induce resistance to TTFields by promoting self-renewal of glioma stem-like cells (GSC). Overexpression of EP3 and/or ZNF488 in TTFields-sensitive GSC conferred resistance and enhanced self-renewal, while expression of non-interacting mutants of these proteins abrogated formation of the nuclear complex and prevented resistance. Inhibition of either partner in this protein complex in resistant GSC, including those freshly isolated from TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, re-sensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of TTFields, concomitant with reduced self-renewal and in vivo tumorigenicity. Importantly, inhibition of EP3 in TTFields-sensitive GSC preemptively halted the development of resistance. The EP3–ZNF488 axis was significantly upregulated in TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, and co-expression of EP3 and ZNF488 in other cancers correlated with lower survival rates. Collectively, these results indicate that the nuclear EP3–ZNF488 axis is necessary and sufficient to establish TTFields resistance, underscoring the potential to target this axis to prevent or reverse resistance in GBM and possibly other cancers.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The liver is a primary target for distal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). The hepatic pre-metastatic niche (PMN) facilitates crucial communications between primary tumor and liver, thereby playing an essential role in hepatic metastasis. Identification of the molecular mechanisms driving PMN formation in GC could facilitate development of strategies to prevent and treat liver metastasis. Here, we uncovered a role for ephrin A1 (EFNA1) signaling in development of the PMN. EFNA1 overexpression in GC cells significantly increased CCL2 secretion through the Hippo-YAP pathway. Secreted CCL2 activated hepatic stellate cells (HStCs) within the hepatic PMN via the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of CCL2 significantly suppressed HStC activation and reduced liver metastasis triggered by EFNA1 signaling in GC cells. Moreover, high CCL2 expression correlated with poor survival in GC patients. Overall, these findings reveal that EFNA1 signaling in GC cells upregulates CCL2, which activates HStCs to engender establishment of a hepatic pre-metastatic niche that supports liver metastasis.
{"title":"Ephrin A1 Stimulates CCL2 Secretion to Facilitate Pre-metastatic Niche Formation and Promote Gastric Cancer Liver Metastasis","authors":"Yun Cui, Yongxia Chang, Xixi Ma, Meng Sun, Yuliang Huang, Feng Yang, Shuang Li, Wei Zhuo, Wei Liu, Bo Yang, Aifu Lin, Guangshuo Ou, Yuehong Yang, Shanshan Xie, Tianhua Zhou","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1254","url":null,"abstract":"The liver is a primary target for distal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). The hepatic pre-metastatic niche (PMN) facilitates crucial communications between primary tumor and liver, thereby playing an essential role in hepatic metastasis. Identification of the molecular mechanisms driving PMN formation in GC could facilitate development of strategies to prevent and treat liver metastasis. Here, we uncovered a role for ephrin A1 (EFNA1) signaling in development of the PMN. EFNA1 overexpression in GC cells significantly increased CCL2 secretion through the Hippo-YAP pathway. Secreted CCL2 activated hepatic stellate cells (HStCs) within the hepatic PMN via the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of CCL2 significantly suppressed HStC activation and reduced liver metastasis triggered by EFNA1 signaling in GC cells. Moreover, high CCL2 expression correlated with poor survival in GC patients. Overall, these findings reveal that EFNA1 signaling in GC cells upregulates CCL2, which activates HStCs to engender establishment of a hepatic pre-metastatic niche that supports liver metastasis.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603
Asuka Kawai-Kawachi, Madison M. Lenormand, Clémence Astier, Noé Herbel, Meritxell B. Cutrona, Carine Ngo, Marlène Garrido, Thomas Eychenne, Nicolas Dorvault, Laetitia Bordelet, Fei Fei Song, Ryme Bouyakoub, Anastasia Loktev, Antonio Romo-Morales, Clémence Henon, Léo Colmet-Daage, Julien Vibert, Marjorie Drac, Rachel Brough, Etienne Schwob, Oliviano Martella, Guillaume Pinna, Janet M. Shipley, Sibylle Mittnacht, Astrid Zimmermann, Aditi Gulati, Olivier Mir, Axel Le Cesne, Matthieu Faron, Charles Honoré, Christopher J. Lord, Roman M. Chabanon, Sophie Postel-Vinay
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive sarcoma subtype that is driven by the EWS-WT1 chimeric transcription factor. The prognosis for DSRCT is poor, and major advances in treating DSCRT have not occurred for over two decades. To identify effective therapeutic approaches to target DSRCT, we conducted a high-throughput drug sensitivity screen in a DSRCT cell line assessing chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small-molecule inhibitors. DSRCT cells were sensitive to PARP and ATR inhibitors (PARPi, ATRi), as monotherapies and in combination. These effects were recapitulated using multiple clinical PARPi and ATRi in three biologically distinct, clinically-relevant models of DSRCT, including cell lines, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid model, and a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, exposure to a combination of PARPi and ATRi caused increased DNA damage, G2/M checkpoint activation, micronuclei accumulation, replication stress, and R-loop formation. EWS-WT1 silencing abrogated these phenotypes and was epistatic with exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 in reversing the sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi monotherapies. The combination of PARPi and ATRi also induced EWS-WT1-dependent cell-autonomous activation of the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway and cell surface expression of PD-L1. Taken together, these findings point towards a role for EWS-WT1 in generating R-loop-dependent replication stress that leads to a targetable vulnerability, providing a rationale for the clinical assessment of PARPi and ATRi in DSRCT.
{"title":"Replication Stress is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors","authors":"Asuka Kawai-Kawachi, Madison M. Lenormand, Clémence Astier, Noé Herbel, Meritxell B. Cutrona, Carine Ngo, Marlène Garrido, Thomas Eychenne, Nicolas Dorvault, Laetitia Bordelet, Fei Fei Song, Ryme Bouyakoub, Anastasia Loktev, Antonio Romo-Morales, Clémence Henon, Léo Colmet-Daage, Julien Vibert, Marjorie Drac, Rachel Brough, Etienne Schwob, Oliviano Martella, Guillaume Pinna, Janet M. Shipley, Sibylle Mittnacht, Astrid Zimmermann, Aditi Gulati, Olivier Mir, Axel Le Cesne, Matthieu Faron, Charles Honoré, Christopher J. Lord, Roman M. Chabanon, Sophie Postel-Vinay","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603","url":null,"abstract":"Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive sarcoma subtype that is driven by the EWS-WT1 chimeric transcription factor. The prognosis for DSRCT is poor, and major advances in treating DSCRT have not occurred for over two decades. To identify effective therapeutic approaches to target DSRCT, we conducted a high-throughput drug sensitivity screen in a DSRCT cell line assessing chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small-molecule inhibitors. DSRCT cells were sensitive to PARP and ATR inhibitors (PARPi, ATRi), as monotherapies and in combination. These effects were recapitulated using multiple clinical PARPi and ATRi in three biologically distinct, clinically-relevant models of DSRCT, including cell lines, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid model, and a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, exposure to a combination of PARPi and ATRi caused increased DNA damage, G2/M checkpoint activation, micronuclei accumulation, replication stress, and R-loop formation. EWS-WT1 silencing abrogated these phenotypes and was epistatic with exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 in reversing the sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi monotherapies. The combination of PARPi and ATRi also induced EWS-WT1-dependent cell-autonomous activation of the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway and cell surface expression of PD-L1. Taken together, these findings point towards a role for EWS-WT1 in generating R-loop-dependent replication stress that leads to a targetable vulnerability, providing a rationale for the clinical assessment of PARPi and ATRi in DSRCT.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2709
Sigrid K. Fey, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Dale M. Watt, Laura M. Millett, Catriona A. Ford, Kathryn Gilroy, Rosalin J. Simpson, Kathy McLay, Rosanna Upstill-Goddard, David Chang, William Clark, Colin Nixon, Joanna L. Birch, Simon T. Barry, Jennifer P. Morton, Andrew D. Campbell, Owen J. Sansom
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by the prevalence of oncogenic mutations in KRAS. Previous studies have reported that altered KRAS gene dosage drives progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. While the role of oncogenic KRAS mutations is well characterized, the relevance of the partnering wild-type KRAS allele in pancreatic cancer is less well understood and controversial. Using in vivo mouse modelling of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that wild-type KRAS restrains the oncogenic impact of mutant KRAS and dramatically impacts both KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. Mechanistically, deletion of wild-type Kras increased oncogenic KRAS signaling through the downstream MAPK effector pathway, driving pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) initiation. In addition, in the KPC mouse model, a more aggressive model of pancreatic cancer, lack of wild-type KRAS led to accelerated initiation but delayed tumor progression. These tumors had altered stroma and an enrichment of immunogenic gene signatures. Importantly, loss of wild-type Kras sensitized Kras mutant tumors to MEK1/2 inhibition though tumors eventually became resistant and then rapidly progressed. This study demonstrates the repressive role of wild-type KRAS during pancreatic tumorigenesis and highlights the critical impact of the presence of wild-type KRAS in both tumor progression and therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.
{"title":"KRAS Loss of Heterozygosity Promotes MAPK-Dependent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Initiation and Induces Therapeutic Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition","authors":"Sigrid K. Fey, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Dale M. Watt, Laura M. Millett, Catriona A. Ford, Kathryn Gilroy, Rosalin J. Simpson, Kathy McLay, Rosanna Upstill-Goddard, David Chang, William Clark, Colin Nixon, Joanna L. Birch, Simon T. Barry, Jennifer P. Morton, Andrew D. Campbell, Owen J. Sansom","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2709","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic cancer is characterized by the prevalence of oncogenic mutations in KRAS. Previous studies have reported that altered KRAS gene dosage drives progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. While the role of oncogenic KRAS mutations is well characterized, the relevance of the partnering wild-type KRAS allele in pancreatic cancer is less well understood and controversial. Using in vivo mouse modelling of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that wild-type KRAS restrains the oncogenic impact of mutant KRAS and dramatically impacts both KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. Mechanistically, deletion of wild-type Kras increased oncogenic KRAS signaling through the downstream MAPK effector pathway, driving pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) initiation. In addition, in the KPC mouse model, a more aggressive model of pancreatic cancer, lack of wild-type KRAS led to accelerated initiation but delayed tumor progression. These tumors had altered stroma and an enrichment of immunogenic gene signatures. Importantly, loss of wild-type Kras sensitized Kras mutant tumors to MEK1/2 inhibition though tumors eventually became resistant and then rapidly progressed. This study demonstrates the repressive role of wild-type KRAS during pancreatic tumorigenesis and highlights the critical impact of the presence of wild-type KRAS in both tumor progression and therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-3560
Constanze Schneider, Hermes Spaink, Gabriela Alexe, Neekesh V Dharia, Ashleigh Meyer, Lucy A Merickel, Delan Khalid, Sebastian Scheich, Björn Häupl, Louis M Staudt, Thomas Oellerich, Kimberly Stegmaier
Tissue-specific differences in the expression of paralog genes, which are not essential in most cell types due to the buffering effect of the partner pair, can make for highly selective gene dependencies. To identify selective paralogous targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we integrated the Cancer Dependency Map with numerous datasets characterizing protein-protein interactions, paralog relationships, and gene expression in cancer models. In this study, we identified ATP1B3 as a context-specific, paralog-related dependency in AML. ATP1B3, the β-subunit of the sodium-potassium pump (Na/K-ATP pump), interacts with the α-subunit ATP1A1 to form an essential complex for maintaining cellular homeostasis and membrane potential in all eukaryotic cells. When ATP1B3's paralog ATP1B1 is poorly expressed, elimination of ATP1B3 leads to the destabilization of the Na/K-ATP pump. ATP1B1 expression is regulated through epigenetic silencing in hematopoietic lineage cells through histone and DNA methylation in the promoter region. Loss of ATP1B3 in AML cells induced cell death in vitro and reduced leukemia burden in vivo, which could be rescued by stabilizing ATP1A1 through overexpression of ATP1B1. Thus, ATP1B3 is a potential therapeutic target for AML and other hematologic malignancies with low expression of ATP1B1. Significance: ATP1B3 is a lethal selective paralog dependency in acute myeloid leukemia that can be eliminated to destabilize the sodium-potassium pump, inducing cell death.
{"title":"Targeting the Sodium-Potassium Pump as a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Constanze Schneider, Hermes Spaink, Gabriela Alexe, Neekesh V Dharia, Ashleigh Meyer, Lucy A Merickel, Delan Khalid, Sebastian Scheich, Björn Häupl, Louis M Staudt, Thomas Oellerich, Kimberly Stegmaier","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-3560","DOIUrl":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-3560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-specific differences in the expression of paralog genes, which are not essential in most cell types due to the buffering effect of the partner pair, can make for highly selective gene dependencies. To identify selective paralogous targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we integrated the Cancer Dependency Map with numerous datasets characterizing protein-protein interactions, paralog relationships, and gene expression in cancer models. In this study, we identified ATP1B3 as a context-specific, paralog-related dependency in AML. ATP1B3, the β-subunit of the sodium-potassium pump (Na/K-ATP pump), interacts with the α-subunit ATP1A1 to form an essential complex for maintaining cellular homeostasis and membrane potential in all eukaryotic cells. When ATP1B3's paralog ATP1B1 is poorly expressed, elimination of ATP1B3 leads to the destabilization of the Na/K-ATP pump. ATP1B1 expression is regulated through epigenetic silencing in hematopoietic lineage cells through histone and DNA methylation in the promoter region. Loss of ATP1B3 in AML cells induced cell death in vitro and reduced leukemia burden in vivo, which could be rescued by stabilizing ATP1A1 through overexpression of ATP1B1. Thus, ATP1B3 is a potential therapeutic target for AML and other hematologic malignancies with low expression of ATP1B1. Significance: ATP1B3 is a lethal selective paralog dependency in acute myeloid leukemia that can be eliminated to destabilize the sodium-potassium pump, inducing cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":" ","pages":"3354-3370"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3248
Yoon-Jin Lee, Daniel L Karl, Ugwuji N Maduekwe, Courtney Rothrock, Sandra Ryeom, Patricia A D'Amore, Sam S Yoon
{"title":"Retraction: Differential Effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 Inhibition on Tumor Metastases Based on Host Organ Environment.","authors":"Yoon-Jin Lee, Daniel L Karl, Ugwuji N Maduekwe, Courtney Rothrock, Sandra Ryeom, Patricia A D'Amore, Sam S Yoon","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"84 20","pages":"3490"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-0030
Grace G Bushnell, Deeksha Sharma, Henry C Wilmot, Michelle Zheng, Toluwaleke D Fashina, Chloe M Hutchens, Samuel Osipov, Monika Burness, Max S Wicha
Patients with breast cancer with estrogen receptor-positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cancer cells display "stem-like" properties (cancer stem cell, CSC), which may be regulated by the immune system. To elucidate the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. Three mouse breast cancer cell lines, PyMT, Met1, and D2.0R, contained CSCs that displayed short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which was dependent on the host immune system. Each model was regulated by different components of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype in D2.0R cells. Quiescent D2.0R CSCs were resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas proliferative CSCs were sensitive. Resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by the expression of BACH1 and SOX2 transcription factors. Expression of STING and STING targets was decreased in quiescent CSCs, and the STING agonist MSA-2 enhanced NK cell killing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon. Significance: The immune system controls disseminated breast cancer cells during disease latency, highlighting the need to utilize immunocompetent models to identify strategies for targeting dormant cancer cells and reducing metastatic recurrence. See related commentary by Cackowski and Korkaya, p. 3319.
{"title":"Natural Killer Cell Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Mediates Metastatic Dormancy.","authors":"Grace G Bushnell, Deeksha Sharma, Henry C Wilmot, Michelle Zheng, Toluwaleke D Fashina, Chloe M Hutchens, Samuel Osipov, Monika Burness, Max S Wicha","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-0030","DOIUrl":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with breast cancer with estrogen receptor-positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cancer cells display \"stem-like\" properties (cancer stem cell, CSC), which may be regulated by the immune system. To elucidate the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. Three mouse breast cancer cell lines, PyMT, Met1, and D2.0R, contained CSCs that displayed short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which was dependent on the host immune system. Each model was regulated by different components of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype in D2.0R cells. Quiescent D2.0R CSCs were resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas proliferative CSCs were sensitive. Resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by the expression of BACH1 and SOX2 transcription factors. Expression of STING and STING targets was decreased in quiescent CSCs, and the STING agonist MSA-2 enhanced NK cell killing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon. Significance: The immune system controls disseminated breast cancer cells during disease latency, highlighting the need to utilize immunocompetent models to identify strategies for targeting dormant cancer cells and reducing metastatic recurrence. See related commentary by Cackowski and Korkaya, p. 3319.</p>","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":" ","pages":"3337-3353"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11474167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3039
Elly J Tyler, Oliver M T Pearce
Changes in the composition and physical properties of the tumor extracellular matrix are linked to poor cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and therapy response, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tharp and colleagues revealed a fascinating cascade where tumor fibrosis alters macrophage metabolism, restricting the nutrients available to infiltrating T cells and resulting in their suppression and exclusion from the tumor microenvironment. This study suggests that targeting metabolic pathways could be a promising strategy to overcome the immune suppression induced by the tumor extracellular matrix.
肿瘤细胞外基质的组成和物理特性的变化与细胞毒性T细胞浸润和治疗反应不良有关,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。Tharp 及其同事揭示了一个令人着迷的级联过程:肿瘤纤维化改变了巨噬细胞的新陈代谢,限制了浸润的 T 细胞所能获得的营养,导致它们受到抑制并被排除在肿瘤微环境之外。这项研究表明,靶向代谢途径可能是克服肿瘤细胞外基质诱导的免疫抑制的一种有前途的策略。
{"title":"Tumor's Digest: Macrophage Metabolism Creates a Barrier to T Cells.","authors":"Elly J Tyler, Oliver M T Pearce","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3039","DOIUrl":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the composition and physical properties of the tumor extracellular matrix are linked to poor cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and therapy response, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tharp and colleagues revealed a fascinating cascade where tumor fibrosis alters macrophage metabolism, restricting the nutrients available to infiltrating T cells and resulting in their suppression and exclusion from the tumor microenvironment. This study suggests that targeting metabolic pathways could be a promising strategy to overcome the immune suppression induced by the tumor extracellular matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":" ","pages":"3322-3323"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}