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Distant Metastases of Breast Cancer Resemble Primary Tumors in Cancer Cell Composition but Differ in Immune Cell Phenotypes 乳腺癌远处转移灶的癌细胞组成与原发肿瘤相似,但免疫细胞表型不同
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1211
Laura Kuett, Alina Bollhagen, Sandra Tietscher, Bettina Sobottka, Nils Eling, Zsuzsanna Varga, Holger Moch, Natalie de Souza, Bernd Bodenmiller
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with distant metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Elucidating the changes in the tumor and immune ecosystems that are associated with metastatic disease is essential to improve understanding and ultimately treatment of metastasis. Here, we developed an in-depth, spatially resolved single-cell atlas of the phenotypic diversity of tumor and immune cells in primary human breast tumors and matched distant metastases, using imaging mass cytometry to analyze a total of 75 unique antibody targets. While the same tumor cell phenotypes were typically present in primary tumors and metastatic sites, suggesting a strong founder effect of the primary tumor, their proportions varied between matched samples. Notably, the metastatic site did not influence tumor phenotype composition, except for the brain. Metastatic sites exhibited a lower number of immune cells overall, but had a higher proportion of myeloid cells as well as exhausted and cytotoxic T cells. Myeloid cells showed distinct tissue-specific compositional signatures and increased presence of potentially matrix remodeling phenotypes in metastatic sites. This analysis of tumor and immune cell phenotypic composition of metastatic breast cancer highlights the heterogeneity of the disease within patients and across distant metastatic sites, indicating myeloid cells as the predominant immune modulators that could potentially be targeted at these sites.
乳腺癌是女性最常确诊的癌症,远处转移是乳腺癌相关死亡的主要原因。阐明与转移性疾病相关的肿瘤和免疫生态系统的变化,对于更好地理解和最终治疗转移性疾病至关重要。在这里,我们利用成像质谱仪分析了总共 75 个独特的抗体靶点,建立了一个深入、空间分辨的单细胞图谱,显示了原发性人类乳腺肿瘤和匹配的远处转移瘤中肿瘤和免疫细胞的表型多样性。虽然原发肿瘤和转移部位通常存在相同的肿瘤细胞表型,这表明原发肿瘤具有很强的奠基效应,但它们的比例在匹配样本之间存在差异。值得注意的是,转移部位并不影响肿瘤表型的组成,但脑部除外。转移部位的免疫细胞总体数量较少,但髓系细胞以及衰竭性和细胞毒性 T 细胞的比例较高。髓系细胞显示出独特的组织特异性组成特征,在转移部位存在更多潜在的基质重塑表型。这项对转移性乳腺癌的肿瘤和免疫细胞表型组成的分析凸显了该疾病在患者体内和远处转移部位的异质性,表明髓系细胞是主要的免疫调节因子,有可能成为这些部位的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
AKT and the Hallmarks of Cancer AKT 和癌症的特征
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1846
Eleonora Sementino, Dalal Hassan, Alfonso Bellacosa, Joseph R. Testa
Nearly a quarter century ago, Hanahan and Weinberg conceived six unifying principles explaining how normal cells transform into malignant tumors. Their provisional set of biological capabilities acquired during tumor development  cancer hallmarks  would evolve to fourteen tenets as knowledge of cancer genomes, molecular mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment expanded, most recently adding four emerging enabling characteristics: phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes, and senescent cells. AKT kinases are critical signaling molecules that regulate cellular physiology upon receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. The complex branching of the AKT signaling network involves several critical downstream nodes that significantly magnify its functional impact, such that nearly every organ system and cell in the body may be affected by AKT activity. Conversely, tumor intrinsic dysregulation of AKT can have numerous adverse cellular and pathological ramifications, particularly in oncogenesis, as multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins regulate AKT signaling. Herein, we review the mounting evidence implicating the AKT pathway in the aggregate of currently recognized hallmarks of cancer underlying the complexities of human malignant diseases. The challenges, recent successes, and likely areas for exciting future advances in targeting this complex pathway are also discussed.
将近 25 年前,哈纳汉和温伯格提出了六项统一原则,解释正常细胞如何转变为恶性肿瘤。随着对癌症基因组、分子机制和肿瘤微环境的了解不断深入,他们临时提出的在肿瘤发展过程中获得的一系列生物能力  癌症标志  将演变为十四条原则,最近又增加了四个新的有利特征:表型可塑性、表观遗传重编程、多态微生物组和衰老细胞。AKT 激酶是重要的信号分子,在受体酪氨酸激酶和磷脂酰肌醇 3- 激酶激活后调节细胞生理。AKT 信号网络的复杂分支涉及多个关键的下游节点,大大增强了其功能性影响,因此体内几乎每个器官系统和细胞都可能受到 AKT 活性的影响。相反,由于多种肿瘤抑制蛋白和致癌蛋白调控 AKT 信号转导,肿瘤内在的 AKT 失调会对细胞和病理产生许多不利影响,尤其是在肿瘤发生过程中。在此,我们回顾了越来越多的证据表明,AKT 通路与目前公认的癌症标志物有关,是人类恶性疾病复杂性的基础。我们还讨论了针对这一复杂通路所面临的挑战、最近取得的成功以及未来可能取得令人振奋进展的领域。
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引用次数: 0
The EP3–ZNF488 Axis Promotes Self-Renewal of Glioma Stem-like Cells to Induce Resistance to Tumor Treating Fields EP3-ZNF488轴促进胶质瘤干样细胞自我更新,诱导对肿瘤治疗领域的抵抗力
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3643
Dongjiang Chen, Son B. Le, Harshit Manektalia, Tianyi Liu, Tarun E. Hutchinson, Adam O'Dell, Bodour Salhia, David D. Tran
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) employ low-intensity, alternating electric fields to exert antitumor activity and have demonstrated efficacy against multiple cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, cancer cells inevitably develop resistance to TTFields, highlighting the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms to develop approaches to induce durable responses. Using a gene network-based machine-learning algorithm, we interrogated TTFields-resistant GBM cells and uncovered a regulatory axis anchored by the prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) and the transcription factor zinc finger 488 (ZNF488). Mechanistically, TTFields induced EP3 upregulation and nuclear envelope localization, where it formed a complex with ZNF488 to induce resistance to TTFields by promoting self-renewal of glioma stem-like cells (GSC). Overexpression of EP3 and/or ZNF488 in TTFields-sensitive GSC conferred resistance and enhanced self-renewal, while expression of non-interacting mutants of these proteins abrogated formation of the nuclear complex and prevented resistance. Inhibition of either partner in this protein complex in resistant GSC, including those freshly isolated from TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, re-sensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of TTFields, concomitant with reduced self-renewal and in vivo tumorigenicity. Importantly, inhibition of EP3 in TTFields-sensitive GSC preemptively halted the development of resistance. The EP3–ZNF488 axis was significantly upregulated in TTFields-resistant GBM tumors, and co-expression of EP3 and ZNF488 in other cancers correlated with lower survival rates. Collectively, these results indicate that the nuclear EP3–ZNF488 axis is necessary and sufficient to establish TTFields resistance, underscoring the potential to target this axis to prevent or reverse resistance in GBM and possibly other cancers.
肿瘤治疗场(TTFields)采用低强度的交变电场来发挥抗肿瘤活性,对包括胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)在内的多种癌症都有疗效。不幸的是,癌细胞不可避免地会对TTFields产生抗药性,这凸显了阐明潜在机制以开发诱导持久反应的方法的必要性。利用基于基因网络的机器学习算法,我们对TTFields耐药的GBM细胞进行了研究,发现了由前列腺素E受体3(EP3)和转录因子锌指488(ZNF488)锚定的调控轴。从机理上讲,TTFields诱导EP3上调和核包膜定位,并与ZNF488形成复合物,通过促进胶质瘤干样细胞(GSC)的自我更新来诱导对TTFields的抗性。在对TTFields敏感的GSC中过表达EP3和/或ZNF488会产生抗性并增强自我更新,而表达这些蛋白的非相互作用突变体则会减弱核复合物的形成并阻止抗性。抑制抗性 GSC(包括从 TTFields 抗性 GBM 肿瘤中新鲜分离的细胞)中这一蛋白复合物中的任一伙伴都会使细胞对 TTFields 的细胞毒性作用重新敏感,同时降低自我更新能力和体内致瘤性。重要的是,在对 TTFields 敏感的 GSC 中抑制 EP3 可预先阻止耐药性的发展。EP3-ZNF488轴在TTFields耐药的GBM肿瘤中显著上调,EP3和ZNF488在其他癌症中的共表达与较低的存活率相关。总之,这些结果表明,核EP3-ZNF488轴是建立TTFields耐药性的必要条件和充分条件,强调了以该轴为靶点预防或逆转GBM以及其他癌症耐药性的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Ephrin A1 Stimulates CCL2 Secretion to Facilitate Pre-metastatic Niche Formation and Promote Gastric Cancer Liver Metastasis Ephrin A1刺激CCL2分泌,促进转移前龛位形成并促进胃癌肝转移
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-1254
Yun Cui, Yongxia Chang, Xixi Ma, Meng Sun, Yuliang Huang, Feng Yang, Shuang Li, Wei Zhuo, Wei Liu, Bo Yang, Aifu Lin, Guangshuo Ou, Yuehong Yang, Shanshan Xie, Tianhua Zhou
The liver is a primary target for distal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). The hepatic pre-metastatic niche (PMN) facilitates crucial communications between primary tumor and liver, thereby playing an essential role in hepatic metastasis. Identification of the molecular mechanisms driving PMN formation in GC could facilitate development of strategies to prevent and treat liver metastasis. Here, we uncovered a role for ephrin A1 (EFNA1) signaling in development of the PMN. EFNA1 overexpression in GC cells significantly increased CCL2 secretion through the Hippo-YAP pathway. Secreted CCL2 activated hepatic stellate cells (HStCs) within the hepatic PMN via the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of CCL2 significantly suppressed HStC activation and reduced liver metastasis triggered by EFNA1 signaling in GC cells. Moreover, high CCL2 expression correlated with poor survival in GC patients. Overall, these findings reveal that EFNA1 signaling in GC cells upregulates CCL2, which activates HStCs to engender establishment of a hepatic pre-metastatic niche that supports liver metastasis.
肝脏是胃癌(GC)远端转移的主要目标。肝转移前生态位(PMN)促进了原发肿瘤和肝脏之间的重要沟通,因此在肝转移中发挥着至关重要的作用。鉴定驱动肝转移龛形成的分子机制有助于制定预防和治疗肝转移的策略。在这里,我们发现了ephrin A1(EFNA1)信号在PMN形成过程中的作用。GC 细胞中 EFNA1 的过表达通过 Hippo-YAP 通路显著增加了 CCL2 的分泌。分泌的 CCL2 通过 WNT/β-catenin 通路激活肝 PMN 中的肝星状细胞(HStCs)。抑制CCL2能明显抑制HStC的活化,减少GC细胞中由EFNA1信号传导引发的肝转移。此外,CCL2的高表达与GC患者的不良生存率相关。总之,这些研究结果表明,GC 细胞中的 EFNA1 信号可上调 CCL2,从而激活 HStC,建立支持肝转移的肝转移前生态位。
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引用次数: 0
Replication Stress is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors 复制应激是脱鳞小圆形细胞瘤中一种可操作的遗传脆弱性
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603
Asuka Kawai-Kawachi, Madison M. Lenormand, Clémence Astier, Noé Herbel, Meritxell B. Cutrona, Carine Ngo, Marlène Garrido, Thomas Eychenne, Nicolas Dorvault, Laetitia Bordelet, Fei Fei Song, Ryme Bouyakoub, Anastasia Loktev, Antonio Romo-Morales, Clémence Henon, Léo Colmet-Daage, Julien Vibert, Marjorie Drac, Rachel Brough, Etienne Schwob, Oliviano Martella, Guillaume Pinna, Janet M. Shipley, Sibylle Mittnacht, Astrid Zimmermann, Aditi Gulati, Olivier Mir, Axel Le Cesne, Matthieu Faron, Charles Honoré, Christopher J. Lord, Roman M. Chabanon, Sophie Postel-Vinay
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive sarcoma subtype that is driven by the EWS-WT1 chimeric transcription factor. The prognosis for DSRCT is poor, and major advances in treating DSCRT have not occurred for over two decades. To identify effective therapeutic approaches to target DSRCT, we conducted a high-throughput drug sensitivity screen in a DSRCT cell line assessing chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small-molecule inhibitors. DSRCT cells were sensitive to PARP and ATR inhibitors (PARPi, ATRi), as monotherapies and in combination. These effects were recapitulated using multiple clinical PARPi and ATRi in three biologically distinct, clinically-relevant models of DSRCT, including cell lines, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid model, and a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, exposure to a combination of PARPi and ATRi caused increased DNA damage, G2/M checkpoint activation, micronuclei accumulation, replication stress, and R-loop formation. EWS-WT1 silencing abrogated these phenotypes and was epistatic with exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 in reversing the sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi monotherapies. The combination of PARPi and ATRi also induced EWS-WT1-dependent cell-autonomous activation of the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway and cell surface expression of PD-L1. Taken together, these findings point towards a role for EWS-WT1 in generating R-loop-dependent replication stress that leads to a targetable vulnerability, providing a rationale for the clinical assessment of PARPi and ATRi in DSRCT.
去瘤小圆细胞瘤(DSRCT)是一种侵袭性肉瘤亚型,由 EWS-WT1 嵌合转录因子驱动。DSRCT的预后很差,二十多年来,DSCRT的治疗一直没有重大进展。为了确定针对 DSRCT 的有效治疗方法,我们在 DSRCT 细胞系中进行了高通量药物敏感性筛选,评估了 79 种小分子抑制剂的化学敏感性。DSRCT 细胞对 PARP 和 ATR 抑制剂(PARPi、ATRi)的单一疗法和联合疗法都很敏感。在三种生物特性不同、临床相关的 DSRCT 模型(包括细胞系、患者异种移植 (PDX) 器官移植模型和细胞系异种移植小鼠模型)中,使用多种临床 PARPi 和 ATRi 重现了这些效应。从机理上讲,暴露于 PARPi 和 ATRi 的组合会导致 DNA 损伤增加、G2/M 检查点激活、微核积累、复制应激和 R 环形成。EWS-WT1沉默可消除这些表型,并与外源表达的R环解析酶RNase H1具有表观相似性,可逆转对PARPi和ATRi单一疗法的敏感性。PARPi和ATRi的组合还诱导了EWS-WT1依赖性细胞自主激活cGAS/STING先天免疫通路和细胞表面表达PD-L1。综上所述,这些研究结果表明,EWS-WT1 在产生 R 环依赖性复制应激方面发挥了作用,从而导致了可靶向的脆弱性,为 PARPi 和 ATRi 在 DSRCT 中的临床评估提供了依据。
{"title":"Replication Stress is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors","authors":"Asuka Kawai-Kawachi, Madison M. Lenormand, Clémence Astier, Noé Herbel, Meritxell B. Cutrona, Carine Ngo, Marlène Garrido, Thomas Eychenne, Nicolas Dorvault, Laetitia Bordelet, Fei Fei Song, Ryme Bouyakoub, Anastasia Loktev, Antonio Romo-Morales, Clémence Henon, Léo Colmet-Daage, Julien Vibert, Marjorie Drac, Rachel Brough, Etienne Schwob, Oliviano Martella, Guillaume Pinna, Janet M. Shipley, Sibylle Mittnacht, Astrid Zimmermann, Aditi Gulati, Olivier Mir, Axel Le Cesne, Matthieu Faron, Charles Honoré, Christopher J. Lord, Roman M. Chabanon, Sophie Postel-Vinay","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3603","url":null,"abstract":"Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive sarcoma subtype that is driven by the EWS-WT1 chimeric transcription factor. The prognosis for DSRCT is poor, and major advances in treating DSCRT have not occurred for over two decades. To identify effective therapeutic approaches to target DSRCT, we conducted a high-throughput drug sensitivity screen in a DSRCT cell line assessing chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small-molecule inhibitors. DSRCT cells were sensitive to PARP and ATR inhibitors (PARPi, ATRi), as monotherapies and in combination. These effects were recapitulated using multiple clinical PARPi and ATRi in three biologically distinct, clinically-relevant models of DSRCT, including cell lines, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid model, and a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, exposure to a combination of PARPi and ATRi caused increased DNA damage, G2/M checkpoint activation, micronuclei accumulation, replication stress, and R-loop formation. EWS-WT1 silencing abrogated these phenotypes and was epistatic with exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 in reversing the sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi monotherapies. The combination of PARPi and ATRi also induced EWS-WT1-dependent cell-autonomous activation of the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway and cell surface expression of PD-L1. Taken together, these findings point towards a role for EWS-WT1 in generating R-loop-dependent replication stress that leads to a targetable vulnerability, providing a rationale for the clinical assessment of PARPi and ATRi in DSRCT.","PeriodicalId":9441,"journal":{"name":"Cancer research","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
KRAS Loss of Heterozygosity Promotes MAPK-Dependent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Initiation and Induces Therapeutic Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition KRAS 杂合子缺失促进 MAPK 依赖性胰腺导管腺癌的发生并诱导对 MEK 抑制剂的治疗敏感性
IF 11.2 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2709
Sigrid K. Fey, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Dale M. Watt, Laura M. Millett, Catriona A. Ford, Kathryn Gilroy, Rosalin J. Simpson, Kathy McLay, Rosanna Upstill-Goddard, David Chang, William Clark, Colin Nixon, Joanna L. Birch, Simon T. Barry, Jennifer P. Morton, Andrew D. Campbell, Owen J. Sansom
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by the prevalence of oncogenic mutations in KRAS. Previous studies have reported that altered KRAS gene dosage drives progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. While the role of oncogenic KRAS mutations is well characterized, the relevance of the partnering wild-type KRAS allele in pancreatic cancer is less well understood and controversial. Using in vivo mouse modelling of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that wild-type KRAS restrains the oncogenic impact of mutant KRAS and dramatically impacts both KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. Mechanistically, deletion of wild-type Kras increased oncogenic KRAS signaling through the downstream MAPK effector pathway, driving pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) initiation. In addition, in the KPC mouse model, a more aggressive model of pancreatic cancer, lack of wild-type KRAS led to accelerated initiation but delayed tumor progression. These tumors had altered stroma and an enrichment of immunogenic gene signatures. Importantly, loss of wild-type Kras sensitized Kras mutant tumors to MEK1/2 inhibition though tumors eventually became resistant and then rapidly progressed. This study demonstrates the repressive role of wild-type KRAS during pancreatic tumorigenesis and highlights the critical impact of the presence of wild-type KRAS in both tumor progression and therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer.
胰腺癌的特点是 KRAS 发生致癌突变。先前的研究报告指出,KRAS 基因剂量的改变会导致胰腺癌的进展和转移。虽然致癌 KRAS 基因突变的作用已得到充分证实,但对于野生型 KRAS 等位基因与胰腺癌的相关性却不甚了解,也存在争议。我们利用体内小鼠胰腺癌模型证明,野生型 KRAS 可抑制突变型 KRAS 的致癌影响,并显著影响 KRAS 介导的肿瘤发生和治疗反应。从机理上讲,野生型 Kras 的缺失会通过下游 MAPK 效应通路增加致癌 KRAS 信号,从而推动胰腺上皮内瘤变(PanIN)的发生。此外,在侵袭性更强的胰腺癌小鼠 KPC 模型中,野生型 KRAS 的缺失会加速肿瘤的发生,但会延缓肿瘤的进展。这些肿瘤的基质发生了改变,免疫原性基因特征更加丰富。重要的是,野生型Kras的缺失使Kras突变肿瘤对MEK1/2抑制剂敏感,但肿瘤最终会产生耐药性并迅速恶化。这项研究证明了野生型 KRAS 在胰腺肿瘤发生过程中的抑制作用,并强调了野生型 KRAS 的存在对胰腺癌肿瘤进展和治疗反应的关键影响。
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引用次数: 0
Targeting the Sodium-Potassium Pump as a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. 靶向钠钾泵作为急性髓性白血病的治疗策略
IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-3560
Constanze Schneider, Hermes Spaink, Gabriela Alexe, Neekesh V Dharia, Ashleigh Meyer, Lucy A Merickel, Delan Khalid, Sebastian Scheich, Björn Häupl, Louis M Staudt, Thomas Oellerich, Kimberly Stegmaier

Tissue-specific differences in the expression of paralog genes, which are not essential in most cell types due to the buffering effect of the partner pair, can make for highly selective gene dependencies. To identify selective paralogous targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we integrated the Cancer Dependency Map with numerous datasets characterizing protein-protein interactions, paralog relationships, and gene expression in cancer models. In this study, we identified ATP1B3 as a context-specific, paralog-related dependency in AML. ATP1B3, the β-subunit of the sodium-potassium pump (Na/K-ATP pump), interacts with the α-subunit ATP1A1 to form an essential complex for maintaining cellular homeostasis and membrane potential in all eukaryotic cells. When ATP1B3's paralog ATP1B1 is poorly expressed, elimination of ATP1B3 leads to the destabilization of the Na/K-ATP pump. ATP1B1 expression is regulated through epigenetic silencing in hematopoietic lineage cells through histone and DNA methylation in the promoter region. Loss of ATP1B3 in AML cells induced cell death in vitro and reduced leukemia burden in vivo, which could be rescued by stabilizing ATP1A1 through overexpression of ATP1B1. Thus, ATP1B3 is a potential therapeutic target for AML and other hematologic malignancies with low expression of ATP1B1. Significance: ATP1B3 is a lethal selective paralog dependency in acute myeloid leukemia that can be eliminated to destabilize the sodium-potassium pump, inducing cell death.

在大多数细胞类型中,旁系基因的表达存在组织特异性差异,但由于配对伙伴的缓冲作用,这些旁系基因的表达并不是必需的,这可能会产生高度选择性的基因依赖关系。为了确定急性髓性白血病(AML)的选择性旁系靶标,我们将癌症依赖性图谱与表征蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、旁系亲属关系和癌症模型中基因表达的大量数据集进行了整合。在这里,我们确定了 ATP1B3 在急性髓细胞白血病中的上下文特异性、旁系亲属关系。ATP1B3是钠-钾泵(Na/K-ATP泵)的β亚基,它与α亚基ATP1A1相互作用,形成维持细胞平衡和所有真核细胞膜电位的重要复合物。当 ATP1B3 的同系物 ATP1B1 表达低下时,消除 ATP1B3 会导致 Na/K-ATP 泵不稳定。ATP1B1 的表达在造血系细胞中通过启动子区域的组蛋白和 DNA 甲基化进行表观遗传沉默调节。急性髓细胞中 ATP1B3 的缺失在体外诱导细胞死亡,在体内减少白血病的负担,这可以通过过表达 ATP1B1 稳定 ATP1A1 来挽救。因此,ATP1B3 是急性髓细胞性白血病和其他 ATP1B1 低表达血液恶性肿瘤的潜在治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction: Differential Effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 Inhibition on Tumor Metastases Based on Host Organ Environment. 撤回:基于宿主器官环境的 VEGFR-1 和 VEGFR-2 抑制对肿瘤转移的不同影响。
IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3248
Yoon-Jin Lee, Daniel L Karl, Ugwuji N Maduekwe, Courtney Rothrock, Sandra Ryeom, Patricia A D'Amore, Sam S Yoon
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引用次数: 0
Natural Killer Cell Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Mediates Metastatic Dormancy. 自然杀伤细胞对乳腺癌干细胞的调控介导了转移性休眠。
IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-0030
Grace G Bushnell, Deeksha Sharma, Henry C Wilmot, Michelle Zheng, Toluwaleke D Fashina, Chloe M Hutchens, Samuel Osipov, Monika Burness, Max S Wicha

Patients with breast cancer with estrogen receptor-positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cancer cells display "stem-like" properties (cancer stem cell, CSC), which may be regulated by the immune system. To elucidate the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. Three mouse breast cancer cell lines, PyMT, Met1, and D2.0R, contained CSCs that displayed short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which was dependent on the host immune system. Each model was regulated by different components of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype in D2.0R cells. Quiescent D2.0R CSCs were resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas proliferative CSCs were sensitive. Resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by the expression of BACH1 and SOX2 transcription factors. Expression of STING and STING targets was decreased in quiescent CSCs, and the STING agonist MSA-2 enhanced NK cell killing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon. Significance: The immune system controls disseminated breast cancer cells during disease latency, highlighting the need to utilize immunocompetent models to identify strategies for targeting dormant cancer cells and reducing metastatic recurrence. See related commentary by Cackowski and Korkaya, p. 3319.

雌激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者在有生之年始终面临疾病复发的风险。居住在骨髓等组织中的休眠肿瘤细胞可能会在初次诊断多年后产生有临床意义的转移。以前的研究表明,休眠癌细胞具有 "类干细胞"(CSCs)特性,可能受到免疫系统的调控。为了阐明免疫系统在控制休眠及其逃逸中的作用,我们研究了免疫功能正常的合成小鼠乳腺癌模型中的休眠现象。PyMT、Met-1和D2.0R这三种小鼠乳腺癌细胞系都含有癌细胞干细胞,它们在体内显示出短期和长期的转移性休眠,这种休眠依赖于宿主免疫系统。每种模式都受到免疫系统不同成分的调控。自然杀伤(NK)细胞是D2.0R细胞转移休眠表型的关键。静止的D2.0R CSCs对NK细胞的细胞毒性有抵抗力,而增殖的CSCs则很敏感。对NK细胞毒性的抗性部分是由BACH1和SOX2转录因子的表达介导的。静止期 CSCs 中 STING 和 STING 靶点的表达减少,而 STING 激动剂 MSA-2 能增强 NK 细胞的杀伤力。总之,这些发现证明了免疫调节在乳腺肿瘤休眠中的作用,并强调了利用免疫功能健全的模型来研究这一现象的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Tumor's Digest: Macrophage Metabolism Creates a Barrier to T Cells. 肿瘤文摘巨噬细胞的新陈代谢为 T 细胞提供了屏障
IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3039
Elly J Tyler, Oliver M T Pearce

Changes in the composition and physical properties of the tumor extracellular matrix are linked to poor cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and therapy response, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tharp and colleagues revealed a fascinating cascade where tumor fibrosis alters macrophage metabolism, restricting the nutrients available to infiltrating T cells and resulting in their suppression and exclusion from the tumor microenvironment. This study suggests that targeting metabolic pathways could be a promising strategy to overcome the immune suppression induced by the tumor extracellular matrix.

肿瘤细胞外基质的组成和物理特性的变化与细胞毒性T细胞浸润和治疗反应不良有关,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。Tharp 及其同事揭示了一个令人着迷的级联过程:肿瘤纤维化改变了巨噬细胞的新陈代谢,限制了浸润的 T 细胞所能获得的营养,导致它们受到抑制并被排除在肿瘤微环境之外。这项研究表明,靶向代谢途径可能是克服肿瘤细胞外基质诱导的免疫抑制的一种有前途的策略。
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Cancer research
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