was greatest in moist and emergent water levels. Both species produced greater biomass in the high nutrient treatment than in the low nutrient treatment. Root: shoot biomass ratio increased for both species with decreasing nutrient level; however, the root: shoot ratio of Echinochloa was significantly lower than that of Phalaris at both nutrient levels. Interspecific competition did not adversely affect survival or biomass allocation strategy of either species; rather, their greater survival in mixture than in monoculture suggests that intraspecific competition is relatively more important for both. In wetlands, Phalaris may be more successful than Echinochloa in fluctuating and submerged water because of low Echinochloa survival.
{"title":"Variation in survival and biomass of two wetland grasses at different nutrient and water levels over a six week period1","authors":"C. Figiel, B. Collins, G. Wein","doi":"10.2307/2996400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996400","url":null,"abstract":"was greatest in moist and emergent water levels. Both species produced greater biomass in the high nutrient treatment than in the low nutrient treatment. Root: shoot biomass ratio increased for both species with decreasing nutrient level; however, the root: shoot ratio of Echinochloa was significantly lower than that of Phalaris at both nutrient levels. Interspecific competition did not adversely affect survival or biomass allocation strategy of either species; rather, their greater survival in mixture than in monoculture suggests that intraspecific competition is relatively more important for both. In wetlands, Phalaris may be more successful than Echinochloa in fluctuating and submerged water because of low Echinochloa survival.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68406642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Gradient Structure and Forest Cover Types in Lassen Volcanic and Yosemite National Parks, California","authors":"A. J. Parker","doi":"10.2307/2996403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68406743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABRAHAMSON, W. G. (Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837). Habitat distribution and competitive neighborhoods of two Florida palmettos. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 1-14.-Two ecologically similar palmettos, Serenoa repens and Sabal etonia, co-occur on the Florida peninsula's central and Atlantic coast ridges. Inasmuch as they share many characteristics of growth form, reproductive strategies, responses to fire, and habitat occurrence, these palmettos may be able to coexist because they occur in different microhabitats or plant neighborhoods. Serenoa reached its highest dominance in poorly drained flatwoods and its lowest dominance in well-drained sandhills. Sabal, on the other hand, was uncommon in flatwoods but exhibited its highest dominance in well-drained sand pine scrub and sandhills. Nearest-neighbor and principal components analyses showed that Sabal neighborhoods potentially had more competitive interference and in flatwoods included more oak (Quercus geminata) and fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) than Serenoa neighborhoods. These differences in species microsite-distribution patterns suggest spatial displacement of palmettos based at least partially on competitive interference and adaptations to edaphic conditions. Local populations had different growth forms such that palmettos growing in flatwoods communities lived in more closely spaced but lower canopied neighborhoods and bore more leaves than palmettos growing in scrubby flatwoods. Palmetto leaf numbers of both species were higher in recently burned sites but Serenoa maintained more leaves than Sabal under all post-bum conditions. Measures of plant vigor and performance (e.g., crown size, biomass) did not exhibit the trends expected based on palmetto abundance patterns; rather, local effects (e.g., overstory canopy coverage) may more strongly affect performance. Seedling and adult palmettos had very low mortality rates and slow growth rates suggesting that extremely long-lived individuals (500 yr old palmettos may not be uncommon) compose populations that have remarkably low turnover of genotypes-a likely consequence of adaptation to long-lived, stable environments. These palmettos are vulnerable to human-caused disturbance because of their limited ability to quickly recolonize former habitats.
{"title":"Habitat distribution and competitive neighborhoods of two Florida palmettos","authors":"W. Abrahamson","doi":"10.2307/2996398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996398","url":null,"abstract":"ABRAHAMSON, W. G. (Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837). Habitat distribution and competitive neighborhoods of two Florida palmettos. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 1-14.-Two ecologically similar palmettos, Serenoa repens and Sabal etonia, co-occur on the Florida peninsula's central and Atlantic coast ridges. Inasmuch as they share many characteristics of growth form, reproductive strategies, responses to fire, and habitat occurrence, these palmettos may be able to coexist because they occur in different microhabitats or plant neighborhoods. Serenoa reached its highest dominance in poorly drained flatwoods and its lowest dominance in well-drained sandhills. Sabal, on the other hand, was uncommon in flatwoods but exhibited its highest dominance in well-drained sand pine scrub and sandhills. Nearest-neighbor and principal components analyses showed that Sabal neighborhoods potentially had more competitive interference and in flatwoods included more oak (Quercus geminata) and fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) than Serenoa neighborhoods. These differences in species microsite-distribution patterns suggest spatial displacement of palmettos based at least partially on competitive interference and adaptations to edaphic conditions. Local populations had different growth forms such that palmettos growing in flatwoods communities lived in more closely spaced but lower canopied neighborhoods and bore more leaves than palmettos growing in scrubby flatwoods. Palmetto leaf numbers of both species were higher in recently burned sites but Serenoa maintained more leaves than Sabal under all post-bum conditions. Measures of plant vigor and performance (e.g., crown size, biomass) did not exhibit the trends expected based on palmetto abundance patterns; rather, local effects (e.g., overstory canopy coverage) may more strongly affect performance. Seedling and adult palmettos had very low mortality rates and slow growth rates suggesting that extremely long-lived individuals (500 yr old palmettos may not be uncommon) compose populations that have remarkably low turnover of genotypes-a likely consequence of adaptation to long-lived, stable environments. These palmettos are vulnerable to human-caused disturbance because of their limited ability to quickly recolonize former habitats.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MAUSETH, J. D. (Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713). Collapsible water-storage cells in cacti. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 145-151. 1995.-Part of the cortex in several genera of cacti consists of cells that have highly undulate walls; the cells are collapsed and shrunken. The outermost, photosynthetic cortical cells and the innermost cortical cells, those immediately adjacent to the stele, are not collapsed but instead are large, turgid, isodiametric cells with smooth walls. Cortical bundles that run through the collapsible region are contorted, probably having been distorted by shrinkage of the surrounding cells. The region of collapsible parenchyma cells apparently is a specialized water-storage tissue: by having flexible walls, they lose their water most easily, thus facilitating transfer of water to other cells whose walls are more rigid. Also, they may be the last to refill when water is available, the water going first to cells with more inflexible walls. This tissue was found in Bolivicereus, Borzicactus, Cleistocactus, Espostoa, Gymnocalycium, Haageocereus, Loxanthocereus (all considered closely related), and Jasminocereus (not considered closely related to the others).
MAUSETH, J. D.(美国德克萨斯大学植物系，德克萨斯州奥斯汀78713)。仙人掌中可折叠的贮水细胞。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:145-151。1995.仙人掌的一些属的部分皮层由具有高度起伏壁的细胞组成;细胞塌陷和萎缩。最外面的光合皮质细胞和最里面的皮质细胞，即紧挨着石柱的细胞，不是塌陷的，而是大的、肿胀的、壁光滑的等径细胞。穿过可折叠区域的皮质束扭曲，可能是由于周围细胞的收缩而扭曲的。可折叠薄壁细胞的区域显然是一个专门的储水组织:由于具有柔性的壁，它们最容易失去水分，从而促进了水转移到其他壁更坚硬的细胞中。此外，当有水可用时，它们可能是最后一个重新填充的细胞，水首先流向具有更不灵活壁的细胞。在Bolivicereus、Borzicactus、Cleistocactus、Espostoa、Gymnocalycium、Haageocereus、Loxanthocereus(都被认为是近亲)和Jasminocereus(不被认为是近亲)中都发现了这种组织。
{"title":"Collapsible water-storage cells in cacti","authors":"J. Mauseth","doi":"10.2307/2996453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996453","url":null,"abstract":"MAUSETH, J. D. (Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713). Collapsible water-storage cells in cacti. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 145-151. 1995.-Part of the cortex in several genera of cacti consists of cells that have highly undulate walls; the cells are collapsed and shrunken. The outermost, photosynthetic cortical cells and the innermost cortical cells, those immediately adjacent to the stele, are not collapsed but instead are large, turgid, isodiametric cells with smooth walls. Cortical bundles that run through the collapsible region are contorted, probably having been distorted by shrinkage of the surrounding cells. The region of collapsible parenchyma cells apparently is a specialized water-storage tissue: by having flexible walls, they lose their water most easily, thus facilitating transfer of water to other cells whose walls are more rigid. Also, they may be the last to refill when water is available, the water going first to cells with more inflexible walls. This tissue was found in Bolivicereus, Borzicactus, Cleistocactus, Espostoa, Gymnocalycium, Haageocereus, Loxanthocereus (all considered closely related), and Jasminocereus (not considered closely related to the others).","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Basile, N. Battey, H. G. Dickenson, A. Heatherington
{"title":"Post-Translational Modifications in Plants.","authors":"D. V. Basile, N. Battey, H. G. Dickenson, A. Heatherington","doi":"10.2307/2997014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert H. Jones, R. Sharitz, S. James, P. Dixon, R. Sharitz, S. James, P. Dixon
were used to quantify shade tolerance and successional status of individual species. In all plots, small stem density decreased and large stem density increased, an indication that the forests were in mid-successional phases where competition is expected to be intense. Shade tolerant species, especially small tree life forms, had the greatest ratios of ingrowth to mortality. Large differences in population flux, even among shade tolerant species, indicated that different mechanisms can account for increases in populations of late-successional species. Within some species, ratios of ingrowth to mortality varied significantly across the gradient reflecting flooding or soil moisture effects on succession.
{"title":"Tree population dynamics in seven South Carolina mixed-species forests'","authors":"Robert H. Jones, R. Sharitz, S. James, P. Dixon, R. Sharitz, S. James, P. Dixon","doi":"10.2307/2997010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997010","url":null,"abstract":"were used to quantify shade tolerance and successional status of individual species. In all plots, small stem density decreased and large stem density increased, an indication that the forests were in mid-successional phases where competition is expected to be intense. Shade tolerant species, especially small tree life forms, had the greatest ratios of ingrowth to mortality. Large differences in population flux, even among shade tolerant species, indicated that different mechanisms can account for increases in populations of late-successional species. Within some species, ratios of ingrowth to mortality varied significantly across the gradient reflecting flooding or soil moisture effects on succession.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
determine if sloughing in the presence of Eurosta was the rule, we examined four clones grown under greenhouse conditions and five clones excavated in the field using a high-power water jet to uncover the underground rhizomes. The combined population of the McCrea and Abrahamson work and this study confirmed their findings-that rhizomal connection was significantly more likely to disintegrate ("slough") in the presence of galls. However, individual clones showed great variability in this trait, with some clones even being more likely to slough ungalled ramets than galled ramets. Whether or not galls were present, ramets which were shorter, slower growing, and slower to senesce were more likely to be sloughed. One greenhouse clone was distinguished by a hypersensitive, necrotic reaction to oviposition which showed strong correlation with sloughing. Though there is great variability in response, overall, the presence of galls causes more sloughing and further study is needed to see if this impacts the long-term fitness of the clone. We speculate that plant hormones may play a role in the occurrence of sloughing.
{"title":"Disintegration of clonal connections in Solidago altissima (Compositae)","authors":"S. T. How, W. Abrahamson, Michael Zivitz","doi":"10.2307/2997007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997007","url":null,"abstract":"determine if sloughing in the presence of Eurosta was the rule, we examined four clones grown under greenhouse conditions and five clones excavated in the field using a high-power water jet to uncover the underground rhizomes. The combined population of the McCrea and Abrahamson work and this study confirmed their findings-that rhizomal connection was significantly more likely to disintegrate (\"slough\") in the presence of galls. However, individual clones showed great variability in this trait, with some clones even being more likely to slough ungalled ramets than galled ramets. Whether or not galls were present, ramets which were shorter, slower growing, and slower to senesce were more likely to be sloughed. One greenhouse clone was distinguished by a hypersensitive, necrotic reaction to oviposition which showed strong correlation with sloughing. Though there is great variability in response, overall, the presence of galls causes more sloughing and further study is needed to see if this impacts the long-term fitness of the clone. We speculate that plant hormones may play a role in the occurrence of sloughing.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cruciferae of Continental North America.","authors":"R. Dorn, R. Rollins","doi":"10.2307/2997018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rodwell, C. Pigott, D. A. Ratcliffe, A. Mallock, H. Birks, M. Proctor, D. Shimwell, J. Huntley, E. Radford, M. Wigginton, P. Wilkins
{"title":"British plant communities. Volume 3. Grasslands and montane communities.","authors":"J. Rodwell, C. Pigott, D. A. Ratcliffe, A. Mallock, H. Birks, M. Proctor, D. Shimwell, J. Huntley, E. Radford, M. Wigginton, P. Wilkins","doi":"10.2307/2997013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Oak-Dominated Forests in the Mid-Appalachians of the Eastern United States and the Kumaun Himalaya of Northern India","authors":"S. Stephenson, A. Saxena","doi":"10.2307/2997011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2997011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"121 1","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2997011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68413820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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