Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-88-95
A. S. Chugunov, V. Vinnitskii
An experimental verification of the expediency of using membrane technologies as one of the options for engineering support of the use of ion-exchange fibers for solving environmental problems is discussed. Comparative data on the sorption of cations by the protonated and sodium forms of the ion-exchange fiber are presented. It is shown that membrane filtration is a rather effective means of providing optimal operating conditions for radial filtration cartridges made of ion-exchange fibers.
{"title":"ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION OF ION-EXCHANGE FIBERS IN \"WET\" TECHNOLOGIES. MEMBRANE FILTRATION","authors":"A. S. Chugunov, V. Vinnitskii","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-88-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-88-95","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental verification of the expediency of using membrane technologies as one of the options for engineering support of the use of ion-exchange fibers for solving environmental problems is discussed. Comparative data on the sorption of cations by the protonated and sodium forms of the ion-exchange fiber are presented. It is shown that membrane filtration is a rather effective means of providing optimal operating conditions for radial filtration cartridges made of ion-exchange fibers.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74743360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-79-82
A. Kazakov, Vadim E. Somov
The technology of biological treatment of industrial and urban wastewater, based on the alternation of anaerobic and aerobic stages, taking into account the modernization and re-equipment of existing treatment facilities, is considered. It was shown that the use of disk aerators of a new type makes it possible to achieve a high degree of wastewater treatment from phosphorus compounds. The duration of anaerobic and aerobic stages was experimentally estimated. The tasks of hydrodynamic and mass transfer studies of the bio-purification process were formulated in order to create engineering methods for calculating industrial processes.
{"title":"BIO-TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND URBAN WASTEWATER FROM PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS","authors":"A. Kazakov, Vadim E. Somov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-79-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-79-82","url":null,"abstract":"The technology of biological treatment of industrial and urban wastewater, based on the alternation of anaerobic and aerobic stages, taking into account the modernization and re-equipment of existing treatment facilities, is considered. It was shown that the use of disk aerators of a new type makes it possible to achieve a high degree of wastewater treatment from phosphorus compounds. The duration of anaerobic and aerobic stages was experimentally estimated. The tasks of hydrodynamic and mass transfer studies of the bio-purification process were formulated in order to create engineering methods for calculating industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81935893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-3-7
E. Bibik
The role of capillary pressure as a factor determining the dynamics and kinematics of the capillary flow is considered. The observed axial flow is considered as a consequence of the radial flow of the fluid bordering the surface of the meniscus. It is shown that the radial flow is due to the gradient of the superficial tension of the meniscus caused by the deformation of the meniscus surface by the forces of fluid adhesion to the capillary wall. An estimate of current velocities is given. Under typical conditions, the velocity of the radial flow is by a factor of ten greater than the flow velocity along the capillary axis when the volume velocities calculated from the values of the tension gradient and the capillary pressure, respectively, are equal. It is concluded that the observed movement of the meniscus is caused by the flow of fluid on the surface of the capillary, in which the axial component of the flow rate on the capillary wall is zero. This eliminates the contradiction between the apparent movement of the meniscus and the equation of the axial flow of fluid in the capillary, according to which the speed on the wall should be zero
{"title":"DYNAMICS AND KINEMATICS OF MOVEMENT OF THE MENISCUS OF LIQUID IN THE CAPILLARY","authors":"E. Bibik","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"The role of capillary pressure as a factor determining the dynamics and kinematics of the capillary flow is considered. The observed axial flow is considered as a consequence of the radial flow of the fluid bordering the surface of the meniscus. It is shown that the radial flow is due to the gradient of the superficial tension of the meniscus caused by the deformation of the meniscus surface by the forces of fluid adhesion to the capillary wall. An estimate of current velocities is given. Under typical conditions, the velocity of the radial flow is by a factor of ten greater than the flow velocity along the capillary axis when the volume velocities calculated from the values of the tension gradient and the capillary pressure, respectively, are equal. It is concluded that the observed movement of the meniscus is caused by the flow of fluid on the surface of the capillary, in which the axial component of the flow rate on the capillary wall is zero. This eliminates the contradiction between the apparent movement of the meniscus and the equation of the axial flow of fluid in the capillary, according to which the speed on the wall should be zero","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-52-59
B. Laskin, D. V. Doktorov, O. Y. Ozerova, Anastasiya M. Lobova, Anastasiya V. Egorova
Agricultural waste contains a huge store of renewable carbon. Involving it in chemical processing, as a source of such a basic chemical as furfural, can not only reduce the environmental burden on nature, but also allow the development of new integrated approaches to the problem of recycling plant waste, such as lignocellulose. The possibilities of using furfural – derived from agricultural waste – as the main «platform compound» for the production of other furan-based chemicals were considered. Their use as fuel additives of a new generation, as well as substances for the production of broad-spectrum pharmaceutical products was considered.
{"title":"FURFURAL AND ITS DERIVATIVES: RECYCLING OF PLANT WASTE AND ITS SYNTHETIC POTENTIAL","authors":"B. Laskin, D. V. Doktorov, O. Y. Ozerova, Anastasiya M. Lobova, Anastasiya V. Egorova","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-52-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-52-59","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural waste contains a huge store of renewable carbon. Involving it in chemical processing, as a source of such a basic chemical as furfural, can not only reduce the environmental burden on nature, but also allow the development of new integrated approaches to the problem of recycling plant waste, such as lignocellulose. The possibilities of using furfural – derived from agricultural waste – as the main «platform compound» for the production of other furan-based chemicals were considered. Their use as fuel additives of a new generation, as well as substances for the production of broad-spectrum pharmaceutical products was considered.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87741167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-42-46
Dmitriy V. Grigoriev, E. Sivtsov, M. Uspenskaya
The production of polymer composite materials based on acrylic gels and such inorganic fillers as bentonite and detonation nanodiamonds, which make it possible to improve physical and mechanical characteristics of gels, was studied. Oscillation rheometry methods were used to study the rheological properties of these materials, based on the dependences of dynamic modules on frequency. The influence of the fillers studied on the values of dynamic modules and the tangent of the mechanical loss angle of the gel was discussed
{"title":"STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON ACRYLIC HYDROGELS AND INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES USING OSCILLATION RHEOMETRY","authors":"Dmitriy V. Grigoriev, E. Sivtsov, M. Uspenskaya","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"The production of polymer composite materials based on acrylic gels and such inorganic fillers as bentonite and detonation nanodiamonds, which make it possible to improve physical and mechanical characteristics of gels, was studied. Oscillation rheometry methods were used to study the rheological properties of these materials, based on the dependences of dynamic modules on frequency. The influence of the fillers studied on the values of dynamic modules and the tangent of the mechanical loss angle of the gel was discussed","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-9-15
V. Fedorov, M. A. Afonin
Co-extraction of rare-earth elements from chloride solutions containing total rare-earth elements by a mixture of extractants mono-2-ethylhexyl ester of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (P507) + di(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) + 10 about. % TBP in isopar-l with a mass concentration of P507 + Cyanex 272 - 15%. The density and permittivity of solutions of rare-earth elements of the medium-heavy group in aqueous solutions and in extracts of acidic organophosphorus extractants have been determined. Initial concentrations in REE GH solutions ranged from 0.15 to 1.7 mol/dm3. The features of complex formation in a mixture of praseodymium metal and P507 extractant were studied. The initial concentrations in praseodymium solutions ranged from 0.014 to 0.149 mol/dm3.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF DENSITY AND DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS OF MEDIUM-HEAVY RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND IN EXTRACTS OF ACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS","authors":"V. Fedorov, M. A. Afonin","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-9-15","url":null,"abstract":"Co-extraction of rare-earth elements from chloride solutions containing total rare-earth elements by a mixture of extractants mono-2-ethylhexyl ester of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (P507) + di(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) + 10 about. % TBP in isopar-l with a mass concentration of P507 + Cyanex 272 - 15%. The density and permittivity of solutions of rare-earth elements of the medium-heavy group in aqueous solutions and in extracts of acidic organophosphorus extractants have been determined. Initial concentrations in REE GH solutions ranged from 0.15 to 1.7 mol/dm3. The features of complex formation in a mixture of praseodymium metal and P507 extractant were studied. The initial concentrations in praseodymium solutions ranged from 0.014 to 0.149 mol/dm3.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91066277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-47-51
D. A. Kozub, L. Redina
The work discusses the research of antimicrobial properties of fabrics treated by compositions based on poly-2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate, which imparts hydro-, oleophobicity to the fabric. To impart flame retardant properties to the material, a fire retardant agent (ammonium polyphosphate / Flamatic DM-3088) was added to its composition, and for antimicrobial properties polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (methacid) was added. Culture inoculation to determine the effectiveness of biocidal finishing was carried out by the agar diffusion method, Bacillus subtilis was chosen as the test object. As a result of the study, it was found that treatment of the fibrous material with a metacide both separately and as part of a composition inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS MATERIALS TREATED BY COMPOSITIONS BASED ON FLUOROPOLYMER LATEX","authors":"D. A. Kozub, L. Redina","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-47-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-47-51","url":null,"abstract":"The work discusses the research of antimicrobial properties of fabrics treated by compositions based on poly-2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate, which imparts hydro-, oleophobicity to the fabric. To impart flame retardant properties to the material, a fire retardant agent (ammonium polyphosphate / Flamatic DM-3088) was added to its composition, and for antimicrobial properties polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (methacid) was added. Culture inoculation to determine the effectiveness of biocidal finishing was carried out by the agar diffusion method, Bacillus subtilis was chosen as the test object. As a result of the study, it was found that treatment of the fibrous material with a metacide both separately and as part of a composition inhibits the growth of microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77544772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-31-33
Mikhail V. Ageev, Polina O. Bespalova, Valery N. Egorov, Yury V. Nickolaev, Lyubov N. Chuchupal
A safe method of determination of mass fraction of high explosive in an elastic explosive containing a polymer binder and technological additives was developed. The method allows us to obtain reliable data while saving time and resources.
{"title":"ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF ELASTIC EXPLOSIVE MANUFACTURING","authors":"Mikhail V. Ageev, Polina O. Bespalova, Valery N. Egorov, Yury V. Nickolaev, Lyubov N. Chuchupal","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-31-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-31-33","url":null,"abstract":"A safe method of determination of mass fraction of high explosive in an elastic explosive containing a polymer binder and technological additives was developed. The method allows us to obtain reliable data while saving time and resources.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73202540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-58-66
Andrey A. Muravskiy, M. Alikin, I. M. Dvorko, N. Lavrov
The article presents the history of the emergence of additive technologies. The main stages of that process were highlighted. Scientists who made a significant contribution to the formation and progress of three-dimensional printing were named. Modern progress trends were described. Data on additive technologies were systematized. The characteristics and features of the main methods of polymer 3D printing were given. The problem of classification of additive technologies were considered.
{"title":"POLYMER 3D PRINTING: HISTORY, CLASSIFICATION AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS (Review)","authors":"Andrey A. Muravskiy, M. Alikin, I. M. Dvorko, N. Lavrov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-58-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-58-66","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the history of the emergence of additive technologies. The main stages of that process were highlighted. Scientists who made a significant contribution to the formation and progress of three-dimensional printing were named. Modern progress trends were described. Data on additive technologies were systematized. The characteristics and features of the main methods of polymer 3D printing were given. The problem of classification of additive technologies were considered.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"292 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91511170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-34-39
G. Savenkov, Dmitry V. Fadeev, Uliana M. Poberezhnaya, M. Ilyushin, A. S. Mazur, A. Voznyakovskii, I. A. Oskin, V. A. Bragin, I. V. Shugaley
The article presents the results of studies on laser ignition of films of pyrotechnic compositions based on porous silicon, fluorine-containing polymer and graphene. The effect of graphene additives on the ignition process and the process of film combustion was analyzed. It was shown that in a number of cases the process of film combustion is accompanied by the appearance of a secondary flame zone and smoke formation.
{"title":"LASER IGNITION OF PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS – POROUS SILICON - SKF-32 FLUOROPOLYMER - MULTILAYER GRAPHENE","authors":"G. Savenkov, Dmitry V. Fadeev, Uliana M. Poberezhnaya, M. Ilyushin, A. S. Mazur, A. Voznyakovskii, I. A. Oskin, V. A. Bragin, I. V. Shugaley","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies on laser ignition of films of pyrotechnic compositions based on porous silicon, fluorine-containing polymer and graphene. The effect of graphene additives on the ignition process and the process of film combustion was analyzed. It was shown that in a number of cases the process of film combustion is accompanied by the appearance of a secondary flame zone and smoke formation.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91535643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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