Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-75-78
A. V. de Vekki, Y. Vigranenko, K. Alexandrov
The homogeneous catalytic reaction of camphene acetoxylation in the presence of palladium complexes with the predominant formation of isobornyl acetate was studied for the first time using chromatography-mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeds stoichiometrically, but can be converted to catalytic mode. Ways of formation of some accompanying products were shown and an explanation was found for the inhibition of the process during the accumulation of reaction products in the reaction zone. The obtained results were compared with the results of experiments under acid catalysis and it was shown that at a temperature of 75-80°C it is possible to achieve 99-100% conversion of the substrate with an 89% yield of isobornyl acetate.
{"title":"HOMOGENEOUS-CATALYTIC ACETOXYLATION OF CAMPHENE","authors":"A. V. de Vekki, Y. Vigranenko, K. Alexandrov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-75-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-75-78","url":null,"abstract":"The homogeneous catalytic reaction of camphene acetoxylation in the presence of palladium complexes with the predominant formation of isobornyl acetate was studied for the first time using chromatography-mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeds stoichiometrically, but can be converted to catalytic mode. Ways of formation of some accompanying products were shown and an explanation was found for the inhibition of the process during the accumulation of reaction products in the reaction zone. The obtained results were compared with the results of experiments under acid catalysis and it was shown that at a temperature of 75-80°C it is possible to achieve 99-100% conversion of the substrate with an 89% yield of isobornyl acetate.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85601417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-52-57
D. M. Krygina, E. Sivtsov, A. Gostev
Radical polymerization with reversible chain transfer by the addition-fragmentation mechanism of 5-vinyltetrazole in the presence of dibenzyltrithiocarbonate was carried out. The kinetics of the polymerization was studied by NMR spectroscopy: data on the conversion of the monomer and dibenzyltrithiocarbonate, and the rate of polymerization were obtained and analyzed. A comparison was made with the kinetics of the classical radical polymerization of 5-vinyltetrazole
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIBENZYLTRITHIOCARBONATE ON THE KINETICS OF 5-VINYLTETRAZOLE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION","authors":"D. M. Krygina, E. Sivtsov, A. Gostev","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-52-57","url":null,"abstract":"Radical polymerization with reversible chain transfer by the addition-fragmentation mechanism of 5-vinyltetrazole in the presence of dibenzyltrithiocarbonate was carried out. The kinetics of the polymerization was studied by NMR spectroscopy: data on the conversion of the monomer and dibenzyltrithiocarbonate, and the rate of polymerization were obtained and analyzed. A comparison was made with the kinetics of the classical radical polymerization of 5-vinyltetrazole","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76455729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-104-112
A. N. Verigin, A. G. Ishutin, M. Korobchuk, A. Mazur
The article substantiates the choice of a new design object within the framework of further improvement of chemical and technological production in order to transfer the technical means used (machines and apparatuses) to a qualitatively new modern state akin to mechatronics.
{"title":"MECHATRONIC TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX AS A DESIGN OBJECT","authors":"A. N. Verigin, A. G. Ishutin, M. Korobchuk, A. Mazur","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the choice of a new design object within the framework of further improvement of chemical and technological production in order to transfer the technical means used (machines and apparatuses) to a qualitatively new modern state akin to mechatronics.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73596292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-23-27
Maria E. Leont’yeva, Yuliya V. Demidova, P. A. Demidov, S. Dronov
The effect of the composition of the reaction mass of esterification of distilled tall oil with oxyethylated piperazine derivatives on the protective effect in hydrogen sulfide-containing media was studied. The reaction product is a mixture of complex mono- and diesters. Statistical processing of the results showed that the protective effect is mainly determined by the content of esterification products for one hydroxyl group. The maximum protective effect is achieved when the conversion of tall oil acids is not lower than 98 %.
{"title":"HYDROGEN SULFIDE CORROSION INHIBITORS BASED ON OXYETHYL PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES","authors":"Maria E. Leont’yeva, Yuliya V. Demidova, P. A. Demidov, S. Dronov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-23-27","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the composition of the reaction mass of esterification of distilled tall oil with oxyethylated piperazine derivatives on the protective effect in hydrogen sulfide-containing media was studied. The reaction product is a mixture of complex mono- and diesters. Statistical processing of the results showed that the protective effect is mainly determined by the content of esterification products for one hydroxyl group. The maximum protective effect is achieved when the conversion of tall oil acids is not lower than 98 %.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73873672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-28-31
B. Pavlov, E. P. Kovalenko, Alexander P. Susla, Victoria A. Dmitrieva
The influence of active carbon of BAU-A grade on ammonium nitrate decomposition process is considered. It is shown that the introduction of even 1% of carbon can significantly reduce the temperature of the beginning of its intensive decomposition. The decomposition process is greatly influenced by the external specific surface area of the active carbon and its content in the mixture. The combustion of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with active carbon and the influence of various factors on the process are considered.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF THE PROCESSES OF DECOMPOSITION AND COMBUSTION OF MIXTURES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE WITH ACTIVE COAL","authors":"B. Pavlov, E. P. Kovalenko, Alexander P. Susla, Victoria A. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-28-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-28-31","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of active carbon of BAU-A grade on ammonium nitrate decomposition process is considered. It is shown that the introduction of even 1% of carbon can significantly reduce the temperature of the beginning of its intensive decomposition. The decomposition process is greatly influenced by the external specific surface area of the active carbon and its content in the mixture. The combustion of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with active carbon and the influence of various factors on the process are considered.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-32-36
Mikhail V. Ageev, Polina O. Bespalova, Valery N. Egorov, Boris D. Pavlov, Aleksey D. Shubin
The article discusses the issue of designing formulations of elastic ignition cords with the required mechanical strength, thermal stability and moisture resistance. For this purpose, the influence of fluoroplast F-42L on the specified parameters and the burning rate of pyrotechnic mixtures containing metallic fuel PAM-5 and fluoroelastomer SKF-26 was investigated. The optimal ratio of fluoroelastomer and fluoroplast providing the best elastic-strength properties of elastic ignition cords was determined
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF PERFOMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTIC IGNITION CORDS BASED ON FLUOROELASTOMER SKF-26","authors":"Mikhail V. Ageev, Polina O. Bespalova, Valery N. Egorov, Boris D. Pavlov, Aleksey D. Shubin","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issue of designing formulations of elastic ignition cords with the required mechanical strength, thermal stability and moisture resistance. For this purpose, the influence of fluoroplast F-42L on the specified parameters and the burning rate of pyrotechnic mixtures containing metallic fuel PAM-5 and fluoroelastomer SKF-26 was investigated. The optimal ratio of fluoroelastomer and fluoroplast providing the best elastic-strength properties of elastic ignition cords was determined","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90451623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-113-119
Egor F. Feoktistov, I. Germashev
It is proposed to use the solution of the fuzzy programming problem to calculate the optimal concentration of the ingredients of the polymer composition in order to best display the specified properties. The analysis of the latest achievements of the world science showed a rather high relevance of the problem under consideration. It is proposed to solve the task of fuzzy programming based on the decomposition of fuzzy numbers into alpha levels. As a result of such a decomposition, a complex of real quadratic programming problems is obtained, the solutions of which give the alpha levels of the original fuzzy programming problem. These alpha levels are approximated by a membership function, and the result is a vector of fuzzy numbers: a solution to a fuzzy programming problem. The proposed approach is illustrated by a computational experiment.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE INGREDIENT CONCENTRATION OF A POLYMERIC COMPOSITION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FUZZY-SPECIFIED INTERACTION OF ACTIVE ADDITIVES","authors":"Egor F. Feoktistov, I. Germashev","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-113-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-113-119","url":null,"abstract":"It is proposed to use the solution of the fuzzy programming problem to calculate the optimal concentration of the ingredients of the polymer composition in order to best display the specified properties. The analysis of the latest achievements of the world science showed a rather high relevance of the problem under consideration. It is proposed to solve the task of fuzzy programming based on the decomposition of fuzzy numbers into alpha levels. As a result of such a decomposition, a complex of real quadratic programming problems is obtained, the solutions of which give the alpha levels of the original fuzzy programming problem. These alpha levels are approximated by a membership function, and the result is a vector of fuzzy numbers: a solution to a fuzzy programming problem. The proposed approach is illustrated by a computational experiment.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88004356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-96-103
A mathematical model of fuel combustion in tubular furnaces was developed. The model allows to calculate the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases for different configurations of the furnace and burners, different volume flow rates and methods of air supply to the furnace. In order to confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical model, a numerical experiment was conducted for the existing basic furnace design with fuel combustion technology according to the current regulations. A slight (2.3%) discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the operating furnace indicates the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Subsequent numerical experiments to study various fuel combustion schemes for the purpose of decreasing NOx emission showed that the use of two-stage combustion in burners located in the same plane is ineffective. The use of this method allows to reduce the NOx yield by no more than 10%. The method of two-stage combustion by the height of the combustion chamber is more effective. The supply of a mixture of gases with an excess air coefficient of 0.8 to the burners and the supply of the remaining air higher along the cross section of the furnace allow reducing the total output of nitrogen oxides by 2,5 times.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF WAYS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES DURING FUEL COMBUSTION IN TUBULAR FURNACES","authors":"","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-64-90-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model of fuel combustion in tubular furnaces was developed. The model allows to calculate the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases for different configurations of the furnace and burners, different volume flow rates and methods of air supply to the furnace. In order to confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical model, a numerical experiment was conducted for the existing basic furnace design with fuel combustion technology according to the current regulations. A slight (2.3%) discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the operating furnace indicates the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Subsequent numerical experiments to study various fuel combustion schemes for the purpose of decreasing NOx emission showed that the use of two-stage combustion in burners located in the same plane is ineffective. The use of this method allows to reduce the NOx yield by no more than 10%. The method of two-stage combustion by the height of the combustion chamber is more effective. The supply of a mixture of gases with an excess air coefficient of 0.8 to the burners and the supply of the remaining air higher along the cross section of the furnace allow reducing the total output of nitrogen oxides by 2,5 times.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75306172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-50-57
S. Loginov
The results of numerical experiments on the calculation of ammonia density at the phase transition temperature are presented. Models of monomer and associates of liquid ammonia, representative cells of ammonia crystals were developed using spherical images of H and N atoms. The volumes and densities of the unit cell of ammonia crystals of cubic syngony, as well as the cyclic tetramer of ammonia, its symmetrically branched pentamer and monomer, as the main probable structures of liquid ammonia at the phase transition temperature, were calculated from objectively identified components of identifiers
{"title":"AMMONIA DENSITY AT THE TEMPERATURE OF PHASE TRANSITION FROM SOLID TO LIQUID STATE AS A FUNCTION OF COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE IN MODELS OF PARTICLES WITH SPHERICAL IMAGES OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN ATOMS","authors":"S. Loginov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"The results of numerical experiments on the calculation of ammonia density at the phase transition temperature are presented. Models of monomer and associates of liquid ammonia, representative cells of ammonia crystals were developed using spherical images of H and N atoms. The volumes and densities of the unit cell of ammonia crystals of cubic syngony, as well as the cyclic tetramer of ammonia, its symmetrically branched pentamer and monomer, as the main probable structures of liquid ammonia at the phase transition temperature, were calculated from objectively identified components of identifiers","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78564374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-84-90
P. V. Amosov
The results of checking the reliability of a previously performed assessment of the thermal mode of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a variant of an integrated reinforced concrete structure on three calculation grids (Coarse, Normal, Fine) are presented. The test was performed on a previously developed three-dimensional computer model in the COMSOL program. The mathematical basis of the model is following: continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, standard turbulence model and general heat transfer equation. The consideration of mixed convection conditions was implemented in the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation. It was shown that when using computational grids with high resolution (Normal, Fine), some characteristics may be predicted. They are: temperature increase inside the built-in structure and at the boundary "rock mass - built-in structure" no more than 1°C; a significant change in the structure of the spatial distribution of temperature and an increase in maximum temperatures by about 1°C on the surface of the built-in structure. The duration of calculations in variants with small grids increased approximately 3.4 (Normal) and 7.7 (Fine) times, respectively
{"title":"ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE THERMAL MODE OF AN UNDERGROUND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE FACILITY BASED ON NUMERICAL MODELING","authors":"P. V. Amosov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-84-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-84-90","url":null,"abstract":"The results of checking the reliability of a previously performed assessment of the thermal mode of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a variant of an integrated reinforced concrete structure on three calculation grids (Coarse, Normal, Fine) are presented. The test was performed on a previously developed three-dimensional computer model in the COMSOL program. The mathematical basis of the model is following: continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, standard turbulence model and general heat transfer equation. The consideration of mixed convection conditions was implemented in the \"incompressible ideal gas\" approximation. It was shown that when using computational grids with high resolution (Normal, Fine), some characteristics may be predicted. They are: temperature increase inside the built-in structure and at the boundary \"rock mass - built-in structure\" no more than 1°C; a significant change in the structure of the spatial distribution of temperature and an increase in maximum temperatures by about 1°C on the surface of the built-in structure. The duration of calculations in variants with small grids increased approximately 3.4 (Normal) and 7.7 (Fine) times, respectively","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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