In variable environments, repeatable phenotypic differences between individuals provides the variation required for natural selection. The Pace Of Life Syndrome (POLS) provides a conceptual framework linking individual physiology and life histories to behaviour, where rapidly-growing individuals demonstrate higher rates of resting or ‘standard’ metabolic rate (SMR). If differences in SMR are consistent between fast and slow growing individuals, these differences may be important to capture in bioenergetic relationships used to describe their growth, energy acquisition and allocation. We compared growth rates and SMR between a domesticated and wild strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) using intermittent flow respirometry. Though mass scaling exponents were similar between strains, mass scaling coefficients of SMR for fast-growing Rainbow Trout were 1.25 times higher than for slower-growing fish. These observed differences in mass scaling coefficients between fast and slow growing Rainbow Trout were consistent with data extracted from several other studies. Bioenergetic estimates of consumption for domestic strain fish increased as the difference in SMR and wild strain fish increased, and increased as activity level increased. Our results indicate patterns of SMR consistent with POLS, and suggest that strain-specific SMR equations may be important for applications to active populations (i.e. field observations).
{"title":"Standard metabolic rate differs between Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) growth forms","authors":"Brandon Greenaway, Cody Veneruzzo, M. Rennie","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"In variable environments, repeatable phenotypic differences between individuals provides the variation required for natural selection. The Pace Of Life Syndrome (POLS) provides a conceptual framework linking individual physiology and life histories to behaviour, where rapidly-growing individuals demonstrate higher rates of resting or ‘standard’ metabolic rate (SMR). If differences in SMR are consistent between fast and slow growing individuals, these differences may be important to capture in bioenergetic relationships used to describe their growth, energy acquisition and allocation. We compared growth rates and SMR between a domesticated and wild strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) using intermittent flow respirometry. Though mass scaling exponents were similar between strains, mass scaling coefficients of SMR for fast-growing Rainbow Trout were 1.25 times higher than for slower-growing fish. These observed differences in mass scaling coefficients between fast and slow growing Rainbow Trout were consistent with data extracted from several other studies. Bioenergetic estimates of consumption for domestic strain fish increased as the difference in SMR and wild strain fish increased, and increased as activity level increased. Our results indicate patterns of SMR consistent with POLS, and suggest that strain-specific SMR equations may be important for applications to active populations (i.e. field observations).","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sokolova, K. Shklyar, Ivan A. Fufachev, Violetta Filippova, A. Sokolov
Given the scale, speed and complexity of recent changes in the Arctic, our understanding of their multiple implications for Arctic biota is still limited. We detail for the first time in the vast Russian Arctic the long-distance movement of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus, 1758) tracked with a GPS/Iridium collar providing considerably high precision (several meters) and frequency of locations (every 4 hours). Revealed diurnal activity patterns of the arctic fox indicate that it ran greater distances in night hours and shortest in day hours during the most intense movement period. The movement records suggested several attempts to leave the land, as it seemed to encounter open water four times on different parts of Yamal peninsula. The arctic fox crossed the Ob Bay towards the Gydan peninsula and satellite imagery of discontinuous ice during crossing suggested that it might have stayed on pieces of floating ice. Our observation may support evidence that a reduction in the duration and extent of sea ice could affect the ability of arctic foxes to cover long distances and thus, in the long-term, the connectivity between populations. Similar studies are needed aiming to understand movement ecology of the arctic foxes in the changing Arctic.
{"title":"Running overnight and struggling to find sea ice: long-distance movement by an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from Russia","authors":"N. Sokolova, K. Shklyar, Ivan A. Fufachev, Violetta Filippova, A. Sokolov","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Given the scale, speed and complexity of recent changes in the Arctic, our understanding of their multiple implications for Arctic biota is still limited. We detail for the first time in the vast Russian Arctic the long-distance movement of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus, 1758) tracked with a GPS/Iridium collar providing considerably high precision (several meters) and frequency of locations (every 4 hours). Revealed diurnal activity patterns of the arctic fox indicate that it ran greater distances in night hours and shortest in day hours during the most intense movement period. The movement records suggested several attempts to leave the land, as it seemed to encounter open water four times on different parts of Yamal peninsula. The arctic fox crossed the Ob Bay towards the Gydan peninsula and satellite imagery of discontinuous ice during crossing suggested that it might have stayed on pieces of floating ice. Our observation may support evidence that a reduction in the duration and extent of sea ice could affect the ability of arctic foxes to cover long distances and thus, in the long-term, the connectivity between populations. Similar studies are needed aiming to understand movement ecology of the arctic foxes in the changing Arctic.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Korshunova, K. Fletcher, T. Bakken, A. Martynov
We demonstrate the application of the multilevel organismal diversity approach using the example of the nudibranch trinchesiid genus Diaphoreolis. For the first time, fine-scale morphological, genetic, and phylogeographic data are presented for all known species of the genus Diaphoreolis. One of the significant results of the present study and analysis is that the species D. stipata (Alder and Hancock, 1843) comb. nov., originally described from the North Atlantic and reinstated here, is revealed to be a sister species to the new NW Pacific species Diaphoreolis zvezda sp. nov. described from the Kuril Islands. Hidden diversity within the traditional taxon D. “ viridis” is revealed both in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A new subspecies, D. viridis emeraldi subsp. nov., is established for the Canadian and USA NE Pacific forms, and both morphological and molecular data are presented for the separate NW Pacific species D. midori. The present study combines practical results from a particular taxonomic group (nudibranchs) with generally important considerations for the expanding practice of uniting fine-scale morphological and molecular data.
{"title":"The first consolidation of morphological, molecular, and phylogeographic data for the finely differentiated genus Diaphoreolis (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae)","authors":"T. Korshunova, K. Fletcher, T. Bakken, A. Martynov","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the application of the multilevel organismal diversity approach using the example of the nudibranch trinchesiid genus Diaphoreolis. For the first time, fine-scale morphological, genetic, and phylogeographic data are presented for all known species of the genus Diaphoreolis. One of the significant results of the present study and analysis is that the species D. stipata (Alder and Hancock, 1843) comb. nov., originally described from the North Atlantic and reinstated here, is revealed to be a sister species to the new NW Pacific species Diaphoreolis zvezda sp. nov. described from the Kuril Islands. Hidden diversity within the traditional taxon D. “ viridis” is revealed both in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A new subspecies, D. viridis emeraldi subsp. nov., is established for the Canadian and USA NE Pacific forms, and both morphological and molecular data are presented for the separate NW Pacific species D. midori. The present study combines practical results from a particular taxonomic group (nudibranchs) with generally important considerations for the expanding practice of uniting fine-scale morphological and molecular data.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen G. Van Drunen, J. Linton, J. Bogart, D. Norris
Understanding the environmental drivers of species’ dispersal and migration patterns is needed to accurately predict climate change impacts on populations. For pond-breeding amphibians, adult movements associated with the breeding period are well studied but major gaps exist in our knowledge of the drivers of adult and juvenile non-breeding movements. Here, we assess environmental drivers of adult and juvenile Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw, 1802), Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827) and their unisexual dependants (Ambystoma laterale – jeffersonianum (Uzzell, 1964)) summer and fall non-breeding movements using data from pitfall trapping and radio telemetry tracking. We used generalized linear models to assess the influence of precipitation, minimum temperature, day-of-year, and days since last precipitation on salamander movements. Juvenile summer dispersal movements were related to days since last precipitation in Jefferson Salamander complex individuals and 24-hr precipitation in Spotted Salamanders. Adult and juvenile fall movements were driven by minimum temperature, 24-hr precipitation, and days since last precipitation, and the effect of these environmental factors varied slightly between species and between Jefferson bisexual and unisexuals. Our work indicates changes in both temperature and precipitation will likely impact non-breeding dispersal and migration in these species and, overall, improves our understanding of ecological patterns throughout their entire life cycle.
{"title":"Environmental drivers of juvenile dispersal and adult non-breeding movements in Ambystoma salamanders","authors":"Stephen G. Van Drunen, J. Linton, J. Bogart, D. Norris","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the environmental drivers of species’ dispersal and migration patterns is needed to accurately predict climate change impacts on populations. For pond-breeding amphibians, adult movements associated with the breeding period are well studied but major gaps exist in our knowledge of the drivers of adult and juvenile non-breeding movements. Here, we assess environmental drivers of adult and juvenile Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw, 1802), Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827) and their unisexual dependants (Ambystoma laterale – jeffersonianum (Uzzell, 1964)) summer and fall non-breeding movements using data from pitfall trapping and radio telemetry tracking. We used generalized linear models to assess the influence of precipitation, minimum temperature, day-of-year, and days since last precipitation on salamander movements. Juvenile summer dispersal movements were related to days since last precipitation in Jefferson Salamander complex individuals and 24-hr precipitation in Spotted Salamanders. Adult and juvenile fall movements were driven by minimum temperature, 24-hr precipitation, and days since last precipitation, and the effect of these environmental factors varied slightly between species and between Jefferson bisexual and unisexuals. Our work indicates changes in both temperature and precipitation will likely impact non-breeding dispersal and migration in these species and, overall, improves our understanding of ecological patterns throughout their entire life cycle.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive species are widely implicated in the decline of songbird populations, potentially via indirect effects such as the restructuring of ecological communities by non-native plants. We used stable isotope analysis to investigate whether ground-foraging, generalist insectivore Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766) shifted diets following invasion by a non-native shrub, Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), in a temperate woodland system in New York, USA where barberry was previously linked to trophic downgrading in the leaf litter arthropod community. Assimilated Ovenbird diets were primarily composed of predatory invertebrates followed by sucking herbivores, chewing herbivores, and detritivores. The only notable changes in assimilated Ovenbird diets were a modest 14.7% decrease in chewing herbivore contributions and a minor 7.0% increase in sucking herbivore contributions in forest patches with high barberry densities. Our results indicate that the effects of non-native plants on connections between higher trophic levels are context dependent, and comparisons with other studies suggest that community complexity and time since introduction are key contextual differences that affect the outcome of an invasion. Our results may reflect compensatory shifts in individual foraging effort by Ovenbirds, but, in combination with our previous research, provide little evidence that barberry affects Ovenbird condition and therefore downstream outcomes.
{"title":"Alteration of a temperate forest invertebrate community by invasive Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) has limited influence on the diet composition of territorial Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla)","authors":"Wales A. Carter, Chad L Seewagen","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species are widely implicated in the decline of songbird populations, potentially via indirect effects such as the restructuring of ecological communities by non-native plants. We used stable isotope analysis to investigate whether ground-foraging, generalist insectivore Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766) shifted diets following invasion by a non-native shrub, Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), in a temperate woodland system in New York, USA where barberry was previously linked to trophic downgrading in the leaf litter arthropod community. Assimilated Ovenbird diets were primarily composed of predatory invertebrates followed by sucking herbivores, chewing herbivores, and detritivores. The only notable changes in assimilated Ovenbird diets were a modest 14.7% decrease in chewing herbivore contributions and a minor 7.0% increase in sucking herbivore contributions in forest patches with high barberry densities. Our results indicate that the effects of non-native plants on connections between higher trophic levels are context dependent, and comparisons with other studies suggest that community complexity and time since introduction are key contextual differences that affect the outcome of an invasion. Our results may reflect compensatory shifts in individual foraging effort by Ovenbirds, but, in combination with our previous research, provide little evidence that barberry affects Ovenbird condition and therefore downstream outcomes.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46660267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mashooq Ali, Amina Zuberi, Muhammad Ahmad, Naima Younus
A 35-day feeding trial in a replicate of five was conducted to evaluate the impact of partial and total replacement of live feed (LF) with nanoparticulate prepared diet (ND) on early rearing of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822). Larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH) were evenly distributed in 3 groups; T1 was reared exclusively on LF, T2 was on ND, and T3 was co-fed both LF and ND (1:1). All groups showed a feed-dependent increase in growth and the expression of genes involved in feed intake and growth with age DAH. The T3 group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, and expression of IGF-1 followed by the T2 group while the highest expression of ghrelin and GHS-R were observed in T3 followed by T1. Furthermore, leptin showed the highest expression in the T2 followed by the T1 group. The intestinal enzymes showed variable trends, with the highest activity of cellulase, amylase and protease in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. Moreover, in all groups, cellulase increased continuously with age DAH, while amylase and protease showed a positive correlation up to 30 DAH and then declined. The results of this study could be helpful in larval nutrition programming.
{"title":"Regulation of feed intake, intestinal enzymes activity and growth in response to live feed and prepared diet during early rearing of Labeo rohita","authors":"Mashooq Ali, Amina Zuberi, Muhammad Ahmad, Naima Younus","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"A 35-day feeding trial in a replicate of five was conducted to evaluate the impact of partial and total replacement of live feed (LF) with nanoparticulate prepared diet (ND) on early rearing of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822). Larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH) were evenly distributed in 3 groups; T1 was reared exclusively on LF, T2 was on ND, and T3 was co-fed both LF and ND (1:1). All groups showed a feed-dependent increase in growth and the expression of genes involved in feed intake and growth with age DAH. The T3 group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, and expression of IGF-1 followed by the T2 group while the highest expression of ghrelin and GHS-R were observed in T3 followed by T1. Furthermore, leptin showed the highest expression in the T2 followed by the T1 group. The intestinal enzymes showed variable trends, with the highest activity of cellulase, amylase and protease in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. Moreover, in all groups, cellulase increased continuously with age DAH, while amylase and protease showed a positive correlation up to 30 DAH and then declined. The results of this study could be helpful in larval nutrition programming.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin I. Medina-Bello, Carmen Lorena Orozco-Lugo, J. Ayala-Berdon
Endotherm homeotherms deal with the energetic cost of maintaining a stable body temperature (Tb) in ecosystems differing in ambient temperature (Ta). In response, animals adjust some of their thermal energetics to meet the energy requirements of thermoregulation. Bats are small mammals with a geographical distribution that may include environments with different Ta. Therefore, these animals should adjust their thermal energetics depending on the environmental characteristics of the habitats where they live. Using open-flow respirometry, we measured basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermal conductance (C’), lower and upper critical temperatures (TLC and TUC), and breadth of the thermoneutral zone (TNZb) of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer (Allen, 1890)) living in a coniferous forest versus a tropical deciduous forest in central Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure thermal energetics at the intraspecific level in populations measured at the same time. Bats from the coniferous forest had lower BMR, C’, TLC, TUC, and a wider TNZb than bats from the tropical deciduous forest. The results we found here are likely the consequence of the differences between the energy demands imposed by Ta where the animals roost, and the Ta and prey availability of their foraging areas. These differences may help individuals regulate their heat production and dissipation to maintain low thermoregulatory costs in the places they inhabit.
{"title":"Differences in thermal energetics of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer) from a cool and a warm environment of central Mexico","authors":"Kevin I. Medina-Bello, Carmen Lorena Orozco-Lugo, J. Ayala-Berdon","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Endotherm homeotherms deal with the energetic cost of maintaining a stable body temperature (Tb) in ecosystems differing in ambient temperature (Ta). In response, animals adjust some of their thermal energetics to meet the energy requirements of thermoregulation. Bats are small mammals with a geographical distribution that may include environments with different Ta. Therefore, these animals should adjust their thermal energetics depending on the environmental characteristics of the habitats where they live. Using open-flow respirometry, we measured basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermal conductance (C’), lower and upper critical temperatures (TLC and TUC), and breadth of the thermoneutral zone (TNZb) of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer (Allen, 1890)) living in a coniferous forest versus a tropical deciduous forest in central Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure thermal energetics at the intraspecific level in populations measured at the same time. Bats from the coniferous forest had lower BMR, C’, TLC, TUC, and a wider TNZb than bats from the tropical deciduous forest. The results we found here are likely the consequence of the differences between the energy demands imposed by Ta where the animals roost, and the Ta and prey availability of their foraging areas. These differences may help individuals regulate their heat production and dissipation to maintain low thermoregulatory costs in the places they inhabit.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), is a social but non-colonial ascidian that is implicated in biofouling of aquatic structures and destruction of the shellfish industry through competition for planktonic nutrients and substrate settling habitats. The sequencing of the C. intestinalis genome has provided insight into the phylogenetic origins of this species, indicating that this lineage and its allies represent a sister taxon to the chordates. Although the practical use of this genomic information at controlling this invasive species is equivocal, a number of new studies on the neurological and neuroendocrine aspects of C. intestinalis have suggested new molecular targets that may be exploited for practical applications on the control of C. intestinalis to protect and enhance the shellfish industry from this invasive species. As a result, we have developed a novel behavioural assay for C. intestinalis, which can be employed to investigate novel agents that inhibit growth and development in this species.
{"title":"Neuroendocrinology of the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis: consideration of the practical applications for the control of this invasive species","authors":"Sabine R. Lovejoy","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0213","url":null,"abstract":"The vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), is a social but non-colonial ascidian that is implicated in biofouling of aquatic structures and destruction of the shellfish industry through competition for planktonic nutrients and substrate settling habitats. The sequencing of the C. intestinalis genome has provided insight into the phylogenetic origins of this species, indicating that this lineage and its allies represent a sister taxon to the chordates. Although the practical use of this genomic information at controlling this invasive species is equivocal, a number of new studies on the neurological and neuroendocrine aspects of C. intestinalis have suggested new molecular targets that may be exploited for practical applications on the control of C. intestinalis to protect and enhance the shellfish industry from this invasive species. As a result, we have developed a novel behavioural assay for C. intestinalis, which can be employed to investigate novel agents that inhibit growth and development in this species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asaro, S. Pinoni, C. Lorin-Nebel, R. B. Ituarte
To understand the response of freshwater organisms to rising environmental salinity, it is essential to investigate their osmo-ionic regulatory physiology. Our laboratory experiment investigated the transfer of Palaemon argentinus Nobili, 1901 from 2 ‰ (control condition) to concentrated salinity (15, 25 ‰) for short (6 h), medium (48 h) and long-term (> 504 h) acclimation periods. We measured relevant parameters in the shrimp’s haemolymph, the time course of the response of branchial V-H+-ATPase (VHA), Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and muscle water content. Upon prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰ (hyper-regulating condition), shrimp reached a new steady-state of haemolymph osmolality by tightly adjusting ion concentrations to levels higher than the external medium. While NKA and CA activities recovered their pretransfer levels, the downregulation of VHA suggests other functions rather than ion uptake after prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰. The activity of the three transport-related enzymes remained almost unchanged at the highest salinity (isosmotic condition), leading to increasing osmotic pressure and ion concentration after prolonged acclimation to 25 ‰. Although the freshwater shrimp studied here retains a certain degree of tolerance to high salinity, a common trait in palaemonid shrimps, our results highlight that 25 ‰ represents a significant hypertonic challenge for this species.
{"title":"Transport-related enzymes and osmo-ionic regulation in a euryhaline freshwater shrimp after transfer to saline media","authors":"A. Asaro, S. Pinoni, C. Lorin-Nebel, R. B. Ituarte","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the response of freshwater organisms to rising environmental salinity, it is essential to investigate their osmo-ionic regulatory physiology. Our laboratory experiment investigated the transfer of Palaemon argentinus Nobili, 1901 from 2 ‰ (control condition) to concentrated salinity (15, 25 ‰) for short (6 h), medium (48 h) and long-term (> 504 h) acclimation periods. We measured relevant parameters in the shrimp’s haemolymph, the time course of the response of branchial V-H+-ATPase (VHA), Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and muscle water content. Upon prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰ (hyper-regulating condition), shrimp reached a new steady-state of haemolymph osmolality by tightly adjusting ion concentrations to levels higher than the external medium. While NKA and CA activities recovered their pretransfer levels, the downregulation of VHA suggests other functions rather than ion uptake after prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰. The activity of the three transport-related enzymes remained almost unchanged at the highest salinity (isosmotic condition), leading to increasing osmotic pressure and ion concentration after prolonged acclimation to 25 ‰. Although the freshwater shrimp studied here retains a certain degree of tolerance to high salinity, a common trait in palaemonid shrimps, our results highlight that 25 ‰ represents a significant hypertonic challenge for this species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal preference and thermal performance are used to describe the thermal biology of an ectothermic organism through parameters, i.e., estimating locomotor performance by maximum running speed. In this study, we assessed the thermal preference and locomotor performance of the spider Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1882, a wintry mygalomorph spider endemic to the native mountainous grasslands of central Argentina and Uruguay. The preferred temperatures of the 72.4% of the individuals were in the range of 10-20°C. The highest frequencies of preferred temperatures were 10-15 °C in males and 15-20°C in females. The sprint speed showed significant differences between all the temperatures evaluated and showed the highest speeds at 25 °C and the lowest at 3 °C. The optimal temperature was 26.09 °C which was significantly higher than the preferred temperature in both males and females. We concluded that M. thorelli selects a wide range of temperatures and prefers to stay in medium and low temperatures, which are correlated with winter activity in the wild. However, the species showed maximum speed at higher temperatures which implies that spiders would perform even better in nature and maximize their locomotion by being active during a warmer period.
{"title":"Differences between thermal preference and thermal performance in a wintry spider Mecicobothrium thorelli: Are the spiders under evolutionary pressures on their seasonal activity?","authors":"Justina Panchuk, Leonela Schwerdt, N. Ferretti","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal preference and thermal performance are used to describe the thermal biology of an ectothermic organism through parameters, i.e., estimating locomotor performance by maximum running speed. In this study, we assessed the thermal preference and locomotor performance of the spider Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1882, a wintry mygalomorph spider endemic to the native mountainous grasslands of central Argentina and Uruguay. The preferred temperatures of the 72.4% of the individuals were in the range of 10-20°C. The highest frequencies of preferred temperatures were 10-15 °C in males and 15-20°C in females. The sprint speed showed significant differences between all the temperatures evaluated and showed the highest speeds at 25 °C and the lowest at 3 °C. The optimal temperature was 26.09 °C which was significantly higher than the preferred temperature in both males and females. We concluded that M. thorelli selects a wide range of temperatures and prefers to stay in medium and low temperatures, which are correlated with winter activity in the wild. However, the species showed maximum speed at higher temperatures which implies that spiders would perform even better in nature and maximize their locomotion by being active during a warmer period.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42455679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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