Nida Imtiaz, Jiechi Wang, Ce Shi, K. Waiho, Ronghua Li, C. Mu, Chunlin Wang, Qingyang Wu
Human-induced noise, particularly from shipping and construction, significantly affects the stress responses of swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1876). Prolonged exposure can lead to stress responses, impacting the overall health of the crabs. This study aimed to assess how noise affects stress responses in P. trituberculatus. The sound had an intensity of 163 dB 1μPa for the noise condition and 114 dB 1μPa for ambient sound. P. trituberculatus was continuously exposed to the noise stimulus for six hours. Samples of serum, muscle tissue, gills, and hepatopancreas were collected at multiple time points: 0 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 7 h. The serum cortisol levels in the noise-exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 30 min and 6 h. The two groups had no significant differences regarding serum glucose and muscle lactic acid content. In the noise-exposed group, the gills exhibited significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Conversely, for the hepatopancreas, the SOD levels in the noise-exposed group were notably lower than those in the control group at 10 min but significantly higher at 6 h and 7 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were substantially higher in the noise-exposed group than in the control group at 30 min and 6 h. This study demonstrates that P. trituberculatus experiences a physiological stress response to acoustic sounds.
{"title":"The impact of noise on the stress response of Portunus trituberculatus in a land-based monoculture system","authors":"Nida Imtiaz, Jiechi Wang, Ce Shi, K. Waiho, Ronghua Li, C. Mu, Chunlin Wang, Qingyang Wu","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0176","url":null,"abstract":"Human-induced noise, particularly from shipping and construction, significantly affects the stress responses of swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1876). Prolonged exposure can lead to stress responses, impacting the overall health of the crabs. This study aimed to assess how noise affects stress responses in P. trituberculatus. The sound had an intensity of 163 dB 1μPa for the noise condition and 114 dB 1μPa for ambient sound. P. trituberculatus was continuously exposed to the noise stimulus for six hours. Samples of serum, muscle tissue, gills, and hepatopancreas were collected at multiple time points: 0 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 7 h. The serum cortisol levels in the noise-exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 30 min and 6 h. The two groups had no significant differences regarding serum glucose and muscle lactic acid content. In the noise-exposed group, the gills exhibited significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Conversely, for the hepatopancreas, the SOD levels in the noise-exposed group were notably lower than those in the control group at 10 min but significantly higher at 6 h and 7 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were substantially higher in the noise-exposed group than in the control group at 30 min and 6 h. This study demonstrates that P. trituberculatus experiences a physiological stress response to acoustic sounds.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian Frederick Gazeley, B. Graham, Darryl M. Reynolds, Theresa M. Burg
Species reintroductions have the potential to cause genetic bottleneck events resulting in increased genetic drift, increased inbreeding, and reduced genetic diversity creating negative fitness consequences for populations. Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti Erxleben 1777) are ‘at risk’ in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Once widespread along the west coast, Roosevelt elk were likely extirpated from the mainland by 1900 and experienced a substantial population bottleneck on Vancouver Island at that time, and again in the 1950s. Reintroduced to the mainland from Vancouver Island in the 1980s, this re-established population became the source for subsequent mainland translocations. To understand the effects of reintroduction strategy on genetic diversity, we analyzed genetic variation in 355 Roosevelt elk from Vancouver Island and mainland BC. Using mitochondrial DNA and 10 microsatellite loci, molecular analyses showed overall reduced genetic diversity relative to other extant elk populations, genetic isolation of the southern Vancouver Island population, and increased genetic drift among reintroduced herds. Four reintroduced populations were found to have increased levels of inbreeding. Results of this study contribute to our knowledge of reintroduction biology and can be used to guide continued conservation and management of at-risk species.
{"title":"Conservation genetics of Roosevelt elk: Population isolation and reduced diversity","authors":"Ian Frederick Gazeley, B. Graham, Darryl M. Reynolds, Theresa M. Burg","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0178","url":null,"abstract":"Species reintroductions have the potential to cause genetic bottleneck events resulting in increased genetic drift, increased inbreeding, and reduced genetic diversity creating negative fitness consequences for populations. Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti Erxleben 1777) are ‘at risk’ in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Once widespread along the west coast, Roosevelt elk were likely extirpated from the mainland by 1900 and experienced a substantial population bottleneck on Vancouver Island at that time, and again in the 1950s. Reintroduced to the mainland from Vancouver Island in the 1980s, this re-established population became the source for subsequent mainland translocations. To understand the effects of reintroduction strategy on genetic diversity, we analyzed genetic variation in 355 Roosevelt elk from Vancouver Island and mainland BC. Using mitochondrial DNA and 10 microsatellite loci, molecular analyses showed overall reduced genetic diversity relative to other extant elk populations, genetic isolation of the southern Vancouver Island population, and increased genetic drift among reintroduced herds. Four reintroduced populations were found to have increased levels of inbreeding. Results of this study contribute to our knowledge of reintroduction biology and can be used to guide continued conservation and management of at-risk species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Russell Burgess, Smera Sukumar, Melissa Thomas, Jeff Bowman
Grassland alvar is a rare plant community that occurs throughout North America and northern Europe, and may require control of encroaching vegetation to be maintained or restored. We evaluated the hypothesis that restoration techniques used to restore the alvar ecosystem do not lead to declines in small mammal abundance. More specifically, we used a BACI design to compare how two methods of vegetation control, prescribed burns and mechanical removal, affected small mammal populations. The restoration was conducted beginning in 2019 on Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada. Live trapping of small mammals and associated vegetation sampling were conducted before and after on treatment and control locations. The only small mammal species to be caught during the study was the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)), which had an observed decrease across all treatment sites and the control site. Generalized linear mixed effects models demonstrated that the main effects of treatment and year best explained mouse abundance at the site level. Interannual variability appeared to explain more variation in mouse abundance than treatment effects. Our study did not provide strong evidence that the vegetation control measures we employed might limit white-footed mouse abundance.
{"title":"White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) response to restoration of grassland alvar","authors":"Thomas Russell Burgess, Smera Sukumar, Melissa Thomas, Jeff Bowman","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"Grassland alvar is a rare plant community that occurs throughout North America and northern Europe, and may require control of encroaching vegetation to be maintained or restored. We evaluated the hypothesis that restoration techniques used to restore the alvar ecosystem do not lead to declines in small mammal abundance. More specifically, we used a BACI design to compare how two methods of vegetation control, prescribed burns and mechanical removal, affected small mammal populations. The restoration was conducted beginning in 2019 on Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada. Live trapping of small mammals and associated vegetation sampling were conducted before and after on treatment and control locations. The only small mammal species to be caught during the study was the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)), which had an observed decrease across all treatment sites and the control site. Generalized linear mixed effects models demonstrated that the main effects of treatment and year best explained mouse abundance at the site level. Interannual variability appeared to explain more variation in mouse abundance than treatment effects. Our study did not provide strong evidence that the vegetation control measures we employed might limit white-footed mouse abundance.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jade Legros, Liam McGuire, K. H. Elliott, Anouk Simard
Many animal life history stages center around residences (nests, roosts, etc.) where the availability of resources within an optimal range can affect fitness. Understanding factors influencing residence selection, is fundamental for efficient management or recovery plans. Many bat species use permanent roosts during different periods of the year, and while most conservation plans aim to protect these roosts, the availability of suitable habitat near the roosts (e.g., foraging habitat) is also critical to consider. We evaluated the importance of landscape features at multiple scales surrounding seasonal bat roosts in two regions (north and south) of Québec (Canada), using data from participatory science and government databases. In the human-altered environment of south Québec, bats selected maternity roosts with high anthropogenic cover and water edge density at the 150 m and 2 km scales, respectively. Conversely, roost selection in north Québec, a forested area, could not be explained by any landscape features. In winter, fewer bats used hibernacula located in heavily human-modified landscapes—opposite to the trend observed with maternity roost selection. Our study demonstrates how considering landscape features at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales can promote more efficient conservation for bats.
{"title":"The Relative Influence of Landscape Features on Maternity Roost and Hibernaculum Selection in Temperate Bats","authors":"Jade Legros, Liam McGuire, K. H. Elliott, Anouk Simard","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Many animal life history stages center around residences (nests, roosts, etc.) where the availability of resources within an optimal range can affect fitness. Understanding factors influencing residence selection, is fundamental for efficient management or recovery plans. Many bat species use permanent roosts during different periods of the year, and while most conservation plans aim to protect these roosts, the availability of suitable habitat near the roosts (e.g., foraging habitat) is also critical to consider. We evaluated the importance of landscape features at multiple scales surrounding seasonal bat roosts in two regions (north and south) of Québec (Canada), using data from participatory science and government databases. In the human-altered environment of south Québec, bats selected maternity roosts with high anthropogenic cover and water edge density at the 150 m and 2 km scales, respectively. Conversely, roost selection in north Québec, a forested area, could not be explained by any landscape features. In winter, fewer bats used hibernacula located in heavily human-modified landscapes—opposite to the trend observed with maternity roost selection. Our study demonstrates how considering landscape features at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales can promote more efficient conservation for bats.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Alonso, G. E. Terán, Pablo Calviño, Wilson Sebastián Serra Alanís, M. M. Montes, I. García, J. Barneche, Liliana Ciotek, Pablo Giorgis, Jorge Casciotta
We describe Argolebias adrianae, a new species of killifish from a small temporary wetland in the Paraná Forest ecoregion with no regular or predictable temporal pattern of water availability. This habitat is in the Lower Iguazú River Basin, known for its high fish endemism, but until now, only two species of Rivulidae were reported from it, but from the Araucarian Forest ecoregion. The genus Argolebias was previously only known from the lower portions of the Paraguay, Paraná, and Uruguay basins and middle Paraná. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its unique coloration, which includes a conspicuously dark grey anterior third portion of the dorsal fin and the absence of iridescent spots on the basal half of the pectoral fin in live adult males, as well as dark grey spots on the anterocentral portion of the flanks of females. Our phylogenetic analysis shows A. adrianae to be closely related to Argolebias guarani from the adjacent Middle Paraná basin. We also provide data on the ecology, ontogeny of coloration, and chorion ornamentation of this species. Our findings have important implications for understanding the biogeography, ecology, and evolution of mechanisms that enable organisms to thrive in highly stochastic environments like this one.
{"title":"Expect the unexpected: a new species of killifish from a highly stochastic temporary wetland near Iguazú Falls (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)","authors":"F. Alonso, G. E. Terán, Pablo Calviño, Wilson Sebastián Serra Alanís, M. M. Montes, I. García, J. Barneche, Liliana Ciotek, Pablo Giorgis, Jorge Casciotta","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0132","url":null,"abstract":"We describe Argolebias adrianae, a new species of killifish from a small temporary wetland in the Paraná Forest ecoregion with no regular or predictable temporal pattern of water availability. This habitat is in the Lower Iguazú River Basin, known for its high fish endemism, but until now, only two species of Rivulidae were reported from it, but from the Araucarian Forest ecoregion. The genus Argolebias was previously only known from the lower portions of the Paraguay, Paraná, and Uruguay basins and middle Paraná. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its unique coloration, which includes a conspicuously dark grey anterior third portion of the dorsal fin and the absence of iridescent spots on the basal half of the pectoral fin in live adult males, as well as dark grey spots on the anterocentral portion of the flanks of females. Our phylogenetic analysis shows A. adrianae to be closely related to Argolebias guarani from the adjacent Middle Paraná basin. We also provide data on the ecology, ontogeny of coloration, and chorion ornamentation of this species. Our findings have important implications for understanding the biogeography, ecology, and evolution of mechanisms that enable organisms to thrive in highly stochastic environments like this one.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Noelle Dunoyer, Kristen M. Lalla, Kevin Fraser, K. H. Elliott
Many aerial insects are declining yet monitoring wildlife in airspace is challenging. Aerial insectivores, which are themselves a declining guild, may be useful indicators for aerial insects. However, their use as indicators may be complicated if they differentially sample prey depending on foraging range, as predicted by central place foraging theory. We measured diet composition of purple martins (Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) in Quebec by DNA metabarcoding fecal samples collected from adults and nestlings and used GPS biologgers to measure foraging behaviour of the chick-rearing adults. Foraging range did not predict diet or diet diversity. The proportion of individuals with Diptera and Coleoptera detected in their diets was lower in developed and water habitats. Martins fed their nestlings soft-bodied insects (Diptera and Trichoptera) more often than they ate them themselves. As nestlings aged, they were fed more chitinous arthropods and less soft-bodied prey. As the proportion of different prey orders depended on habitat use and age, but not foraging distance, we argue that purple martin diet is a potential indicator of aerial insect community variation across space, but that interpretations may be complex as birds may sample different components of the aerial insect community during different life stages.
许多空中昆虫正在减少，但监测空中野生动物却很困难。空中食虫动物本身也在减少，它们可能是空中昆虫的有用指标。然而，如果它们根据觅食范围的不同而对猎物进行不同的取样，那么它们作为指标的使用可能就会变得复杂，正如中心地点觅食理论所预测的那样。我们通过对采集自成鸟和雏鸟的粪便样本进行 DNA 代谢编码，测量了魁北克紫貂（Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758）的食物组成，并使用 GPS 生物探测器测量了雏鸟成鸟的觅食行为。觅食范围并不能预测食性或食性多样性。在发达栖息地和水域，食谱中检测到双翅目和鞘翅目昆虫的个体比例较低。火烈鸟给雏鸟喂食软体昆虫（双翅目和鞘翅目）的次数比自己吃的次数多。随着雏鸟年龄的增长，喂食的几丁质节肢动物越来越多，软体猎物越来越少。由于不同猎物种类的比例取决于栖息地的使用和年龄，而不取决于觅食距离，因此我们认为紫貂的食物是空中昆虫群落跨空间变异的一个潜在指标，但由于鸟类在不同生命阶段可能采样空中昆虫群落的不同组成部分，因此解释起来可能很复杂。
{"title":"Diet is associated with age and habitat, not foraging range, in purple martins: implications for aerial insectivores as indicators","authors":"Julia Noelle Dunoyer, Kristen M. Lalla, Kevin Fraser, K. H. Elliott","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0164","url":null,"abstract":"Many aerial insects are declining yet monitoring wildlife in airspace is challenging. Aerial insectivores, which are themselves a declining guild, may be useful indicators for aerial insects. However, their use as indicators may be complicated if they differentially sample prey depending on foraging range, as predicted by central place foraging theory. We measured diet composition of purple martins (Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) in Quebec by DNA metabarcoding fecal samples collected from adults and nestlings and used GPS biologgers to measure foraging behaviour of the chick-rearing adults. Foraging range did not predict diet or diet diversity. The proportion of individuals with Diptera and Coleoptera detected in their diets was lower in developed and water habitats. Martins fed their nestlings soft-bodied insects (Diptera and Trichoptera) more often than they ate them themselves. As nestlings aged, they were fed more chitinous arthropods and less soft-bodied prey. As the proportion of different prey orders depended on habitat use and age, but not foraging distance, we argue that purple martin diet is a potential indicator of aerial insect community variation across space, but that interpretations may be complex as birds may sample different components of the aerial insect community during different life stages.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Noelle Dunoyer, Kristen M. Lalla, Kevin Fraser, K. H. Elliott
Many aerial insects are declining yet monitoring wildlife in airspace is challenging. Aerial insectivores, which are themselves a declining guild, may be useful indicators for aerial insects. However, their use as indicators may be complicated if they differentially sample prey depending on foraging range, as predicted by central place foraging theory. We measured diet composition of purple martins (Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) in Quebec by DNA metabarcoding fecal samples collected from adults and nestlings and used GPS biologgers to measure foraging behaviour of the chick-rearing adults. Foraging range did not predict diet or diet diversity. The proportion of individuals with Diptera and Coleoptera detected in their diets was lower in developed and water habitats. Martins fed their nestlings soft-bodied insects (Diptera and Trichoptera) more often than they ate them themselves. As nestlings aged, they were fed more chitinous arthropods and less soft-bodied prey. As the proportion of different prey orders depended on habitat use and age, but not foraging distance, we argue that purple martin diet is a potential indicator of aerial insect community variation across space, but that interpretations may be complex as birds may sample different components of the aerial insect community during different life stages.
许多空中昆虫正在减少，但监测空中野生动物却很困难。空中食虫动物本身也在减少，它们可能是空中昆虫的有用指标。然而，如果它们根据觅食范围的不同而对猎物进行不同的取样，那么它们作为指标的使用可能就会变得复杂，正如中心地点觅食理论所预测的那样。我们通过对采集自成鸟和雏鸟的粪便样本进行 DNA 代谢编码，测量了魁北克紫貂（Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758）的食物组成，并使用 GPS 生物探测器测量了雏鸟成鸟的觅食行为。觅食范围并不能预测食性或食性多样性。在发达栖息地和水域，食谱中检测到双翅目和鞘翅目昆虫的个体比例较低。火烈鸟给雏鸟喂食软体昆虫（双翅目和鞘翅目）的次数比自己吃的次数多。随着雏鸟年龄的增长，喂食的几丁质节肢动物越来越多，软体猎物越来越少。由于不同猎物种类的比例取决于栖息地的使用和年龄，而不取决于觅食距离，因此我们认为紫貂的食物是空中昆虫群落跨空间变异的一个潜在指标，但由于鸟类在不同生命阶段可能采样空中昆虫群落的不同组成部分，因此解释起来可能很复杂。
{"title":"Diet is associated with age and habitat, not foraging range, in purple martins: implications for aerial insectivores as indicators","authors":"Julia Noelle Dunoyer, Kristen M. Lalla, Kevin Fraser, K. H. Elliott","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0164","url":null,"abstract":"Many aerial insects are declining yet monitoring wildlife in airspace is challenging. Aerial insectivores, which are themselves a declining guild, may be useful indicators for aerial insects. However, their use as indicators may be complicated if they differentially sample prey depending on foraging range, as predicted by central place foraging theory. We measured diet composition of purple martins (Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) in Quebec by DNA metabarcoding fecal samples collected from adults and nestlings and used GPS biologgers to measure foraging behaviour of the chick-rearing adults. Foraging range did not predict diet or diet diversity. The proportion of individuals with Diptera and Coleoptera detected in their diets was lower in developed and water habitats. Martins fed their nestlings soft-bodied insects (Diptera and Trichoptera) more often than they ate them themselves. As nestlings aged, they were fed more chitinous arthropods and less soft-bodied prey. As the proportion of different prey orders depended on habitat use and age, but not foraging distance, we argue that purple martin diet is a potential indicator of aerial insect community variation across space, but that interpretations may be complex as birds may sample different components of the aerial insect community during different life stages.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research has shown that songbirds that reside at low altitudes can ascend to ~6,000 m above sea level during migratory flight. Since migratory flight is aerobically demanding, whether migratory songbirds exhibit plasticity in breathing to maintain oxygen uptake in low-oxygen environments is unknown. This study investigated whether the hypoxic ventilatory response of sparrows was altered between resident house sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) and migratory song sparrows (Melospiza melodia, Wilson, 1810), and Lincoln’s sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii, Audubon, 1834) or seasonally (long daylight versus short daylight length) within a species. Breathing responses were assessed by stepwise reductions in inspired O2 tension, 21, 16, 12, 9, 7, and 5 kPa during long- and short-days. Ventilation increased in hypoxia in all species, although song sparrows and Lincoln’s sparrows exhibited greater increases in ventilation in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows. All species became more sensitive to hypoxia during short days compared to long days (increased breathing frequency and total ventilation), with reduced pulmonary oxygen extraction. Although all sparrows had similar ventilatory responses in moderate hypoxia, our findings suggest that migratory sparrows breathe more effectively in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows, which would be important for maintaining oxygen uptake during migratory flights.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in the ventilatory response to hypoxia in migratory sparrows and an introduced resident sparrow","authors":"Maggie L Mohns, Catherine M Ivy, C.G. Guglielmo","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that songbirds that reside at low altitudes can ascend to ~6,000 m above sea level during migratory flight. Since migratory flight is aerobically demanding, whether migratory songbirds exhibit plasticity in breathing to maintain oxygen uptake in low-oxygen environments is unknown. This study investigated whether the hypoxic ventilatory response of sparrows was altered between resident house sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) and migratory song sparrows (Melospiza melodia, Wilson, 1810), and Lincoln’s sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii, Audubon, 1834) or seasonally (long daylight versus short daylight length) within a species. Breathing responses were assessed by stepwise reductions in inspired O2 tension, 21, 16, 12, 9, 7, and 5 kPa during long- and short-days. Ventilation increased in hypoxia in all species, although song sparrows and Lincoln’s sparrows exhibited greater increases in ventilation in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows. All species became more sensitive to hypoxia during short days compared to long days (increased breathing frequency and total ventilation), with reduced pulmonary oxygen extraction. Although all sparrows had similar ventilatory responses in moderate hypoxia, our findings suggest that migratory sparrows breathe more effectively in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows, which would be important for maintaining oxygen uptake during migratory flights.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research has shown that songbirds that reside at low altitudes can ascend to ~6,000 m above sea level during migratory flight. Since migratory flight is aerobically demanding, whether migratory songbirds exhibit plasticity in breathing to maintain oxygen uptake in low-oxygen environments is unknown. This study investigated whether the hypoxic ventilatory response of sparrows was altered between resident house sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) and migratory song sparrows (Melospiza melodia, Wilson, 1810), and Lincoln’s sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii, Audubon, 1834) or seasonally (long daylight versus short daylight length) within a species. Breathing responses were assessed by stepwise reductions in inspired O2 tension, 21, 16, 12, 9, 7, and 5 kPa during long- and short-days. Ventilation increased in hypoxia in all species, although song sparrows and Lincoln’s sparrows exhibited greater increases in ventilation in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows. All species became more sensitive to hypoxia during short days compared to long days (increased breathing frequency and total ventilation), with reduced pulmonary oxygen extraction. Although all sparrows had similar ventilatory responses in moderate hypoxia, our findings suggest that migratory sparrows breathe more effectively in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows, which would be important for maintaining oxygen uptake during migratory flights.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in the ventilatory response to hypoxia in migratory sparrows and an introduced resident sparrow","authors":"Maggie L Mohns, Catherine M Ivy, C.G. Guglielmo","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that songbirds that reside at low altitudes can ascend to ~6,000 m above sea level during migratory flight. Since migratory flight is aerobically demanding, whether migratory songbirds exhibit plasticity in breathing to maintain oxygen uptake in low-oxygen environments is unknown. This study investigated whether the hypoxic ventilatory response of sparrows was altered between resident house sparrows (Passer domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) and migratory song sparrows (Melospiza melodia, Wilson, 1810), and Lincoln’s sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii, Audubon, 1834) or seasonally (long daylight versus short daylight length) within a species. Breathing responses were assessed by stepwise reductions in inspired O2 tension, 21, 16, 12, 9, 7, and 5 kPa during long- and short-days. Ventilation increased in hypoxia in all species, although song sparrows and Lincoln’s sparrows exhibited greater increases in ventilation in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows. All species became more sensitive to hypoxia during short days compared to long days (increased breathing frequency and total ventilation), with reduced pulmonary oxygen extraction. Although all sparrows had similar ventilatory responses in moderate hypoxia, our findings suggest that migratory sparrows breathe more effectively in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows, which would be important for maintaining oxygen uptake during migratory flights.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risa Ogushi, Edward Sun, Leah Campbell, Fritzi Chandrakumar, Ray Fort, Nicole Graham, Julien Grebert, Orissa Grewal, Idris Habib, Sierra Hamamoto, Karen Ho, Yanlin Huang, Ari Kim, Naveen Manocha, Komal Pandher, Emiko Radakovich, Savitri Raghuraman, Tahlia Read, Sara Roh, Lauren Rutherford, Danica Shannon, Julia Thain, Markus Thormeyer, Athena Varghese, Kelly Wang, Rogier Weel, Jamie You, Jessie Yuen, Hanyi Zhang, Michelle Tseng
The triple threats of climate change, habitat loss, and environmental pollution have stimulated discussion on how urban areas can be modified to both mitigate heat increases and provide habitat for wildlife such as insects. The strategy of using trees to reduce temperatures has been adopted by numerous cities. However, the majority of street trees planted around the world are non-native. Studies conducted in non-urban areas have demonstrated in comparison to native plants, non-native plants are less likely to support native insect diversity. Here we use a database approach to quantify the number of native Lepidoptera species associated with 76 of the most common street tree species planted in Vancouver, Canada. We tested the prediction that compared to non-native trees, native street trees will support a higher diversity and unique community of native Lepidoptera. As predicted, native street trees were associated with five times as many native Lepidoptera species, and the Lepidoptera communities supported by native vs. non-native street trees were distinct. There was no difference in native Lepidoptera associations between broadleaf vs. coniferous street trees. These results are consistent with studies that have used active sampling techniques to investigate insect richness on a smaller subset of native and non-native tree species. Collectively, these data provide good evidence that the planting native instead of non-native trees will help stem the loss of insect diversity in urban areas
{"title":"Lepidoptera species richness and community composition in urban street trees","authors":"Risa Ogushi, Edward Sun, Leah Campbell, Fritzi Chandrakumar, Ray Fort, Nicole Graham, Julien Grebert, Orissa Grewal, Idris Habib, Sierra Hamamoto, Karen Ho, Yanlin Huang, Ari Kim, Naveen Manocha, Komal Pandher, Emiko Radakovich, Savitri Raghuraman, Tahlia Read, Sara Roh, Lauren Rutherford, Danica Shannon, Julia Thain, Markus Thormeyer, Athena Varghese, Kelly Wang, Rogier Weel, Jamie You, Jessie Yuen, Hanyi Zhang, Michelle Tseng","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0150","url":null,"abstract":"The triple threats of climate change, habitat loss, and environmental pollution have stimulated discussion on how urban areas can be modified to both mitigate heat increases and provide habitat for wildlife such as insects. The strategy of using trees to reduce temperatures has been adopted by numerous cities. However, the majority of street trees planted around the world are non-native. Studies conducted in non-urban areas have demonstrated in comparison to native plants, non-native plants are less likely to support native insect diversity. Here we use a database approach to quantify the number of native Lepidoptera species associated with 76 of the most common street tree species planted in Vancouver, Canada. We tested the prediction that compared to non-native trees, native street trees will support a higher diversity and unique community of native Lepidoptera. As predicted, native street trees were associated with five times as many native Lepidoptera species, and the Lepidoptera communities supported by native vs. non-native street trees were distinct. There was no difference in native Lepidoptera associations between broadleaf vs. coniferous street trees. These results are consistent with studies that have used active sampling techniques to investigate insect richness on a smaller subset of native and non-native tree species. Collectively, these data provide good evidence that the planting native instead of non-native trees will help stem the loss of insect diversity in urban areas","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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