Risa Ogushi, Edward Sun, Leah Campbell, Fritzi Chandrakumar, Ray Fort, Nicole Graham, Julien Grebert, Orissa Grewal, Idris Habib, Sierra Hamamoto, Karen Ho, Yanlin Huang, Ari Kim, Naveen Manocha, Komal Pandher, Emiko Radakovich, Savitri Raghuraman, Tahlia Read, Sara Roh, Lauren Rutherford, Danica Shannon, Julia Thain, Markus Thormeyer, Athena Varghese, Kelly Wang, Rogier Weel, Jamie You, Jessie Yuen, Hanyi Zhang, Michelle Tseng
The triple threats of climate change, habitat loss, and environmental pollution have stimulated discussion on how urban areas can be modified to both mitigate heat increases and provide habitat for wildlife such as insects. The strategy of using trees to reduce temperatures has been adopted by numerous cities. However, the majority of street trees planted around the world are non-native. Studies conducted in non-urban areas have demonstrated in comparison to native plants, non-native plants are less likely to support native insect diversity. Here we use a database approach to quantify the number of native Lepidoptera species associated with 76 of the most common street tree species planted in Vancouver, Canada. We tested the prediction that compared to non-native trees, native street trees will support a higher diversity and unique community of native Lepidoptera. As predicted, native street trees were associated with five times as many native Lepidoptera species, and the Lepidoptera communities supported by native vs. non-native street trees were distinct. There was no difference in native Lepidoptera associations between broadleaf vs. coniferous street trees. These results are consistent with studies that have used active sampling techniques to investigate insect richness on a smaller subset of native and non-native tree species. Collectively, these data provide good evidence that the planting native instead of non-native trees will help stem the loss of insect diversity in urban areas
{"title":"Lepidoptera species richness and community composition in urban street trees","authors":"Risa Ogushi, Edward Sun, Leah Campbell, Fritzi Chandrakumar, Ray Fort, Nicole Graham, Julien Grebert, Orissa Grewal, Idris Habib, Sierra Hamamoto, Karen Ho, Yanlin Huang, Ari Kim, Naveen Manocha, Komal Pandher, Emiko Radakovich, Savitri Raghuraman, Tahlia Read, Sara Roh, Lauren Rutherford, Danica Shannon, Julia Thain, Markus Thormeyer, Athena Varghese, Kelly Wang, Rogier Weel, Jamie You, Jessie Yuen, Hanyi Zhang, Michelle Tseng","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0150","url":null,"abstract":"The triple threats of climate change, habitat loss, and environmental pollution have stimulated discussion on how urban areas can be modified to both mitigate heat increases and provide habitat for wildlife such as insects. The strategy of using trees to reduce temperatures has been adopted by numerous cities. However, the majority of street trees planted around the world are non-native. Studies conducted in non-urban areas have demonstrated in comparison to native plants, non-native plants are less likely to support native insect diversity. Here we use a database approach to quantify the number of native Lepidoptera species associated with 76 of the most common street tree species planted in Vancouver, Canada. We tested the prediction that compared to non-native trees, native street trees will support a higher diversity and unique community of native Lepidoptera. As predicted, native street trees were associated with five times as many native Lepidoptera species, and the Lepidoptera communities supported by native vs. non-native street trees were distinct. There was no difference in native Lepidoptera associations between broadleaf vs. coniferous street trees. These results are consistent with studies that have used active sampling techniques to investigate insect richness on a smaller subset of native and non-native tree species. Collectively, these data provide good evidence that the planting native instead of non-native trees will help stem the loss of insect diversity in urban areas","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Henrique Carvalho Siqueira, Carla Piantoni, Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques
In snakes which are known to be ambush predators, tail luring, in which the movement of a snake’s tail resembles that of a worm or insect larva and is used to attract prey, has emerged as a complementary hunting strategy. In certain species, some individuals may present a conspicuously bright colour at the tail tip which eventually disappears with age. Some authors argue that the bright colour enhances the resemblance of the snake’s tail with a potential food item, increasing the success of capture. Here, we tested the influence of geographic variation, sex, and environmental factors on the probability that common lanceheads Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied 1824) from southeastern Brazil were born with this contrasting tail tip and whether snakes retain this trait throughout adulthood. None of the predictors affected the probability of births with a contrasting tail tip. However, a higher proportion of individuals from the coastal populations retained this trait into adulthood. The absence of difference in the probability of being born with this trait indicates that there are other factors influencing tail tip colour, such as phylogenetic correlates, rather than intrinsic or environmental factors. A higher proportion of ectothermic prey in the diet of coastal populations may explain why this population retains tail-luring throughout adulthood.
{"title":"Geographic variation in the probability of being born with and retaining contrasting tail tip colour (tail luring) in the common lancehead Bothrops jararaca","authors":"Lucas Henrique Carvalho Siqueira, Carla Piantoni, Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0157","url":null,"abstract":"In snakes which are known to be ambush predators, tail luring, in which the movement of a snake’s tail resembles that of a worm or insect larva and is used to attract prey, has emerged as a complementary hunting strategy. In certain species, some individuals may present a conspicuously bright colour at the tail tip which eventually disappears with age. Some authors argue that the bright colour enhances the resemblance of the snake’s tail with a potential food item, increasing the success of capture. Here, we tested the influence of geographic variation, sex, and environmental factors on the probability that common lanceheads Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied 1824) from southeastern Brazil were born with this contrasting tail tip and whether snakes retain this trait throughout adulthood. None of the predictors affected the probability of births with a contrasting tail tip. However, a higher proportion of individuals from the coastal populations retained this trait into adulthood. The absence of difference in the probability of being born with this trait indicates that there are other factors influencing tail tip colour, such as phylogenetic correlates, rather than intrinsic or environmental factors. A higher proportion of ectothermic prey in the diet of coastal populations may explain why this population retains tail-luring throughout adulthood.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Henrique Carvalho Siqueira, Carla Piantoni, Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques
In snakes which are known to be ambush predators, tail luring, in which the movement of a snake’s tail resembles that of a worm or insect larva and is used to attract prey, has emerged as a complementary hunting strategy. In certain species, some individuals may present a conspicuously bright colour at the tail tip which eventually disappears with age. Some authors argue that the bright colour enhances the resemblance of the snake’s tail with a potential food item, increasing the success of capture. Here, we tested the influence of geographic variation, sex, and environmental factors on the probability that common lanceheads Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied 1824) from southeastern Brazil were born with this contrasting tail tip and whether snakes retain this trait throughout adulthood. None of the predictors affected the probability of births with a contrasting tail tip. However, a higher proportion of individuals from the coastal populations retained this trait into adulthood. The absence of difference in the probability of being born with this trait indicates that there are other factors influencing tail tip colour, such as phylogenetic correlates, rather than intrinsic or environmental factors. A higher proportion of ectothermic prey in the diet of coastal populations may explain why this population retains tail-luring throughout adulthood.
{"title":"Geographic variation in the probability of being born with and retaining contrasting tail tip colour (tail luring) in the common lancehead Bothrops jararaca","authors":"Lucas Henrique Carvalho Siqueira, Carla Piantoni, Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0157","url":null,"abstract":"In snakes which are known to be ambush predators, tail luring, in which the movement of a snake’s tail resembles that of a worm or insect larva and is used to attract prey, has emerged as a complementary hunting strategy. In certain species, some individuals may present a conspicuously bright colour at the tail tip which eventually disappears with age. Some authors argue that the bright colour enhances the resemblance of the snake’s tail with a potential food item, increasing the success of capture. Here, we tested the influence of geographic variation, sex, and environmental factors on the probability that common lanceheads Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied 1824) from southeastern Brazil were born with this contrasting tail tip and whether snakes retain this trait throughout adulthood. None of the predictors affected the probability of births with a contrasting tail tip. However, a higher proportion of individuals from the coastal populations retained this trait into adulthood. The absence of difference in the probability of being born with this trait indicates that there are other factors influencing tail tip colour, such as phylogenetic correlates, rather than intrinsic or environmental factors. A higher proportion of ectothermic prey in the diet of coastal populations may explain why this population retains tail-luring throughout adulthood.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animals benefit from scatterhoarding, storing food around their home range for use during a period of scarcity, by later eating the stored food. Seedlings may be used as cues of belowground food. We investigated whether scatterhoarders such as eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin 1788) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) use characteristics of seedlings and their seeds as physical cues of the value of the seed. We buried 176 germinating seeds (white oak (Quercus alba L.), northern red oak (Q. rubra L.)) in a hardwood forest in Alabama, USA. Seeds were recovered faster with longer leaves (rate ratio [RR] = 0.68, 0.58 – 0.78, 95% confidence limits [C.L.]) and taller stems (RR = 0.91, 0.88 – 0.93, 95% C.L.) during spring 2022, and with a smaller number (RR = 1.15, 1.04 – 1.27, 95% C.L.) of longer leaves (RR = 0.81, 0.70 – 0.93, 95% C.L.) during fall 2022 (both P < 0.0001). For all seeds, we found that longer roots increased the likelihood of seeds being used (rather than ignored; OR = 1.45, 1.00 – 2.09, 95% C.L., P = 0.05). We found new evidence suggesting hoarders use above-ground cues from the seedling to dig it up and belowground seedling cues to assess seed value. These findings add to our understanding of assessing food availability for hoarding animals.
{"title":"Scatterhoarders use seedlings as cues of belowground food availability","authors":"Sarah Bethany Ramirez, Todd D. Steury","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0147","url":null,"abstract":"Animals benefit from scatterhoarding, storing food around their home range for use during a period of scarcity, by later eating the stored food. Seedlings may be used as cues of belowground food. We investigated whether scatterhoarders such as eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin 1788) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) use characteristics of seedlings and their seeds as physical cues of the value of the seed. We buried 176 germinating seeds (white oak (Quercus alba L.), northern red oak (Q. rubra L.)) in a hardwood forest in Alabama, USA. Seeds were recovered faster with longer leaves (rate ratio [RR] = 0.68, 0.58 – 0.78, 95% confidence limits [C.L.]) and taller stems (RR = 0.91, 0.88 – 0.93, 95% C.L.) during spring 2022, and with a smaller number (RR = 1.15, 1.04 – 1.27, 95% C.L.) of longer leaves (RR = 0.81, 0.70 – 0.93, 95% C.L.) during fall 2022 (both P < 0.0001). For all seeds, we found that longer roots increased the likelihood of seeds being used (rather than ignored; OR = 1.45, 1.00 – 2.09, 95% C.L., P = 0.05). We found new evidence suggesting hoarders use above-ground cues from the seedling to dig it up and belowground seedling cues to assess seed value. These findings add to our understanding of assessing food availability for hoarding animals.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Amorim, R. W. Ávila, Renata Perez, Geraldo Moura
Amphisbaenians usually have a diet composed of a wide variety of small arthropods, with some species being more selective in their feeding and others considered more generalist. Using only specimens deposited in scientific collections, the diet composition of Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758, Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron 1839 and Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824 from the Northeast region of Brazil was analyzed. Except for individuals of A. alba, due the small sample size, we also investigated the possible intersexual difference in the volume, length and number of preys in the diet of amphisbaenians and the possible relationship between prey volume and body size (SVL) of individuals was analyzed. The diet of worm-lizard in general was composed of termites, cockroaches, ants, and beetle larvae, and no intersexual differences were found in the size, length, and number of consumed preys. The body size of A. pretrei and A. vermicularis showed no relationship with the volume of prey consumed. Amphisbaenians presented a characteristic diet of opportunistic generalist predators, with several food categories in the composition of their diets, indicating that the studied species feed according to the availability and abundance of prey in the environment.
两栖类的食物通常由多种小型节肢动物组成，有些物种的食物更具选择性，而有些物种则被认为是泛食动物。本研究仅利用科学收藏的标本，分析了巴西东北部地区的Amphisbaena al Linnaeus, 1758、Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron 1839和Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824的食物组成。由于样本量较小，我们还调查了除白纹两栖类个体外，其他两栖类个体在食物中猎物的体积、长度和数量方面可能存在的性别差异，并分析了猎物体积与个体体型（SVL）之间可能存在的关系。蚯蚓蜥的食物一般由白蚁、蟑螂、蚂蚁和甲虫幼虫组成，在捕食猎物的体积、长度和数量方面没有发现性别差异。普雷氏蚁（A. pretrei）和蚯蚓（A. vermicularis）的体型与捕食猎物的数量没有关系。两栖类呈现出机会主义食肉动物的特征，其食物组成中有多种食物类别，这表明所研究的物种是根据环境中猎物的可用性和丰度来捕食的。
{"title":"Diet Composition of Three Amphisbaenian Species (Amphisbaena alba, Amphisbaena pretrei and Amphisbaena vermicularis) from Northeast Brazil","authors":"D. Amorim, R. W. Ávila, Renata Perez, Geraldo Moura","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Amphisbaenians usually have a diet composed of a wide variety of small arthropods, with some species being more selective in their feeding and others considered more generalist. Using only specimens deposited in scientific collections, the diet composition of Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758, Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron 1839 and Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824 from the Northeast region of Brazil was analyzed. Except for individuals of A. alba, due the small sample size, we also investigated the possible intersexual difference in the volume, length and number of preys in the diet of amphisbaenians and the possible relationship between prey volume and body size (SVL) of individuals was analyzed. The diet of worm-lizard in general was composed of termites, cockroaches, ants, and beetle larvae, and no intersexual differences were found in the size, length, and number of consumed preys. The body size of A. pretrei and A. vermicularis showed no relationship with the volume of prey consumed. Amphisbaenians presented a characteristic diet of opportunistic generalist predators, with several food categories in the composition of their diets, indicating that the studied species feed according to the availability and abundance of prey in the environment.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"John Donald (“JD”) McPhail (1934–2023)","authors":"E.B. Taylor, T. W. Pietsch","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delphine De Pierre, Patrick A. Leighton, S. Côté, J. Tremblay
For many mammals living at higher latitudes, food scarcity and snow-hindered movements associated with their first winter are synonymous of trying months. In addition, most wild animals have to cope with parasites. Many studies have been conducted on captive animals to assess consequences parasitism on health over winter but comparable studies on wild populations are scarce for large mammals. Here, we performed winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus (Packard, 1869)) counts and collected body condition data (mass and hematological parameters) on 15 moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) calves from two distinct climatic regions in northern and southern New Brunswick (Canada) in January. The same calves were recaptured 3 months later to observe variation in body condition parameters. Higher tick loads and more drastic changes of hematological parameters such as hematocrit and creatinine in southern individuals suggested that this population might be suffering more from the consequences of winter tick infestation than the northernmost population. However, other parameters that were not measured in our study, such as quantity and quality of food, could influence moose calves body condition at the southeastern limit of their range.
{"title":"Variation in body condition of moose calves in regions with contrasted winter conditions and tick loads","authors":"Delphine De Pierre, Patrick A. Leighton, S. Côté, J. Tremblay","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0144","url":null,"abstract":"For many mammals living at higher latitudes, food scarcity and snow-hindered movements associated with their first winter are synonymous of trying months. In addition, most wild animals have to cope with parasites. Many studies have been conducted on captive animals to assess consequences parasitism on health over winter but comparable studies on wild populations are scarce for large mammals. Here, we performed winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus (Packard, 1869)) counts and collected body condition data (mass and hematological parameters) on 15 moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) calves from two distinct climatic regions in northern and southern New Brunswick (Canada) in January. The same calves were recaptured 3 months later to observe variation in body condition parameters. Higher tick loads and more drastic changes of hematological parameters such as hematocrit and creatinine in southern individuals suggested that this population might be suffering more from the consequences of winter tick infestation than the northernmost population. However, other parameters that were not measured in our study, such as quantity and quality of food, could influence moose calves body condition at the southeastern limit of their range.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John G Boulanger, Robin Kite, Mitch Campbell, Jason Shaw, David Lee, Stephen Atkinson
A challenge for management of wildlife species is the assessment of the effect of roads on migration. We developed models to estimate the spatial (ZOI: zone of influence) and temporal (delays in migration) effects of roads, and test if road closures reduced delays in migration. We analyzed collar (2011-2019) and road survey data from 2 barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780)) herds to assess the impact of a 171 km mine road that bisects their migration corridor. We estimated ZOI’s of 16-17 km prior to crossing the road during 2018 and 2019, and 3.0 km after crossing. Estimates of mean delay were 4.3 and 2.5 days for 2018 and 2019 which were reduced by 28-68% (1.2-1.7 days) if roads were closed when caribou were within the zone of influence. In 2017-2018, when the road was extended 64 km north, caribou were 12% less likely to deflect north around the road therefore increasing delays. Road surveys indicated aggregation of caribou prior to crossing the road, with few caribou observed after crossing, a finding supported by collar data. Our methods can estimate the spatial and temporal effects of roads for any wildlife species and assess mitigation strategies in reducing delays in migration.
{"title":"Estimating the effects of roads on migration: a barren-ground caribou case study","authors":"John G Boulanger, Robin Kite, Mitch Campbell, Jason Shaw, David Lee, Stephen Atkinson","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0121","url":null,"abstract":"A challenge for management of wildlife species is the assessment of the effect of roads on migration. We developed models to estimate the spatial (ZOI: zone of influence) and temporal (delays in migration) effects of roads, and test if road closures reduced delays in migration. We analyzed collar (2011-2019) and road survey data from 2 barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780)) herds to assess the impact of a 171 km mine road that bisects their migration corridor. We estimated ZOI’s of 16-17 km prior to crossing the road during 2018 and 2019, and 3.0 km after crossing. Estimates of mean delay were 4.3 and 2.5 days for 2018 and 2019 which were reduced by 28-68% (1.2-1.7 days) if roads were closed when caribou were within the zone of influence. In 2017-2018, when the road was extended 64 km north, caribou were 12% less likely to deflect north around the road therefore increasing delays. Road surveys indicated aggregation of caribou prior to crossing the road, with few caribou observed after crossing, a finding supported by collar data. Our methods can estimate the spatial and temporal effects of roads for any wildlife species and assess mitigation strategies in reducing delays in migration.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At lower latitudes ungulate reproduction is often seasonal but the duration of mating and parturition seasons can be long. To further understand the adaptive significance of synchrony in reproductive events we examined two hypotheses to link over-winter body mass with lower synchrony of conceptions in a wild population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in central Texas. If females maintain over-winter body mass then the window of time that conception occurs should be relaxed and longer relative to females where over-winter body mass declines. Across nine years we measured body mass in 1.5-year-old and older females in November (n = 170) and in March (118). In March we also measured forehead – rump lengths in offspring of gravid females and calculated conception dates. Over-winter body mass did not decline but was maintained, on average, across the years of study. Conception dates ranged over 50 days and 52% of conceptions occurred in a two-week period centered on the median conception date. Relative to northern populations of deer, there was lower synchrony in conception dates. White-tailed deer across the geographic range appear to be flexible in over-winter body mass dynamics that affects duration of reproductive events such as conception.
{"title":"OVER-WINTER BODY MASS AND CONCEPTIONS OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN CENTRAL TX","authors":"Floyd Weckerly, Ryan Reitz, Deanna Pfeffer","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0151","url":null,"abstract":"At lower latitudes ungulate reproduction is often seasonal but the duration of mating and parturition seasons can be long. To further understand the adaptive significance of synchrony in reproductive events we examined two hypotheses to link over-winter body mass with lower synchrony of conceptions in a wild population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in central Texas. If females maintain over-winter body mass then the window of time that conception occurs should be relaxed and longer relative to females where over-winter body mass declines. Across nine years we measured body mass in 1.5-year-old and older females in November (n = 170) and in March (118). In March we also measured forehead – rump lengths in offspring of gravid females and calculated conception dates. Over-winter body mass did not decline but was maintained, on average, across the years of study. Conception dates ranged over 50 days and 52% of conceptions occurred in a two-week period centered on the median conception date. Relative to northern populations of deer, there was lower synchrony in conception dates. White-tailed deer across the geographic range appear to be flexible in over-winter body mass dynamics that affects duration of reproductive events such as conception.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work we study the effect of different stimuli (living preys, its homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH)) on the discharge of desmonemes in the freshwater cnidarian, Hydra plagiodesmica (Dioni, 1968) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Once confirmed their stimulatory effect, we choose GSH in order to analyse the relevance of Ca2+, the probable identity of the sensory receptor molecule, and the specific signalling pathway driving the discharge mechanism. Our results show that not only mechanical, but also chemical stimuli by itself may stimulate the discharge of desmonemes. Using calcium chelators, we verify that the discharge mechanism triggered by GSH, is dependent on calcium. By mean of drugs that inhibit proteins pertaining to canonical signalling pathways, including GPCRs, we show that GSH causes the influx of Ca2+ via L-type VGCC, and its release by mean of endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels. Moreover, our results suggest that the putative receptor for GSH is a GPCR coupled to Gq, which produces IP3 and Ca2+ as second messengers. Finally, we show that the genome of Hydra vulgaris (Pallas, 1766) predicts the existence of the different subunits of L-type VGCC, showing a high level of conservation when compared with other groups of Metazoa.
{"title":"SIGNALLING PATHWAY ASSOCIATED TO DISCHARGE OF CNIDOCYST INDUCED BY REDUCED GLUTATHIONE IN HYDRA PLAGIODESMICA (DIONI)","authors":"M. Gavazzi, J. R. Ronderos, M. E. Alzugaray","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0114","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we study the effect of different stimuli (living preys, its homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH)) on the discharge of desmonemes in the freshwater cnidarian, Hydra plagiodesmica (Dioni, 1968) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Once confirmed their stimulatory effect, we choose GSH in order to analyse the relevance of Ca2+, the probable identity of the sensory receptor molecule, and the specific signalling pathway driving the discharge mechanism. Our results show that not only mechanical, but also chemical stimuli by itself may stimulate the discharge of desmonemes. Using calcium chelators, we verify that the discharge mechanism triggered by GSH, is dependent on calcium. By mean of drugs that inhibit proteins pertaining to canonical signalling pathways, including GPCRs, we show that GSH causes the influx of Ca2+ via L-type VGCC, and its release by mean of endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels. Moreover, our results suggest that the putative receptor for GSH is a GPCR coupled to Gq, which produces IP3 and Ca2+ as second messengers. Finally, we show that the genome of Hydra vulgaris (Pallas, 1766) predicts the existence of the different subunits of L-type VGCC, showing a high level of conservation when compared with other groups of Metazoa.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138607457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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