Camila Albanesi, M. González-Castro, A. L. López Mañanes
Integrative studies on intraspecific differences of digestive enzymes, energy reserves and morphological/somatic traits in juveniles and adults of estuarine-dependent marine fish while inhabiting inside a coastal lagoon are lacking. This study was carried on juveniles and adults of Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836) inhabiting inside Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina). Both stages exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities in the intestine, which were active over a wide range of pH and temperature and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Adults exhibited higher intestinal coefficient (31%), higher amylase (32%) and lower maltase (82%) and lipase activities (38%). Glycogen concentration in liver and muscle was similar while free glucose concentration was higher in adults (772% and 400% respectively). In adults retroperitoneal fat (absent in juveniles) constituted the main triglycerides storage site, while triglycerides concentration in liver and muscle was lower (86% and 80% respectively) than in juveniles. No differences were found in protein concentration in any storage organ. The results show that juveniles and adults exhibit a digestive and metabolic profile at the biochemical level and intraspecific differences in key components of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that could support preparation for reproductive migration of adults outside the coastal lagoon.
{"title":"Differential digestive and metabolic profile of juveniles and adults of the estuarine-dependent marine fish Mugil liza (Mugilidae) cohabiting inside a southwestern Atlantic coastal lagoon","authors":"Camila Albanesi, M. González-Castro, A. L. López Mañanes","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Integrative studies on intraspecific differences of digestive enzymes, energy reserves and morphological/somatic traits in juveniles and adults of estuarine-dependent marine fish while inhabiting inside a coastal lagoon are lacking. This study was carried on juveniles and adults of Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836) inhabiting inside Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina). Both stages exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities in the intestine, which were active over a wide range of pH and temperature and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Adults exhibited higher intestinal coefficient (31%), higher amylase (32%) and lower maltase (82%) and lipase activities (38%). Glycogen concentration in liver and muscle was similar while free glucose concentration was higher in adults (772% and 400% respectively). In adults retroperitoneal fat (absent in juveniles) constituted the main triglycerides storage site, while triglycerides concentration in liver and muscle was lower (86% and 80% respectively) than in juveniles. No differences were found in protein concentration in any storage organ. The results show that juveniles and adults exhibit a digestive and metabolic profile at the biochemical level and intraspecific differences in key components of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that could support preparation for reproductive migration of adults outside the coastal lagoon.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48523962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, C. Benatti, F. Tascedda, J. Blom, K. Lukowiak
Different populations of organisms occurring across varying thermal regimes show diversity in responses to heat stress. We use a “common garden experimental” approach designed to deal with phenotypic plasticity to study in Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) the behavioural and molecular responses to a heat shock in laboratory-inbred snails (W-strain) and freshly collected snails (Stony strain) from ponds. In the W-strain, which has been reared under standardized temperatures for generations, the exposure to 30 °C for 1 h (heat shock, HS) when experienced after a novel “taste” results in a taste-specific aversion known as the “Garcia effect”. This learned avoidance requires the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In contrast, freshly collected Stony strain, which experiences temperature fluctuations regularly, does not exhibit a Garcia effect. Here, we found that (1) Stony-strain snails have higher basal mRNA levels of HSPs than W-strain ones; (2) in the W-strain, the training procedure to cause the Garcia effect upregulates the mRNA levels of HSPs and key neuroplasticity-related genes such as CREB1 and GRIN1; (3) in Stony-strain snails, the same training procedure fails to alter the mRNA levels of those targets. These data suggest that Stony-strain snails do not perceive the HS as a stressor because of the higher HSP basal mRNA levels, which may confer a higher thermal tolerance.
在不同的热状态下出现的不同种群的生物对热应激的反应表现出多样性。我们使用一种旨在处理表型可塑性的“普通花园实验”方法，在Lymnaea stagnalis（Linnaeus，1758）中研究实验室近交系蜗牛（W品系）和从池塘中新鲜采集的蜗牛（Stony品系）对热休克的行为和分子反应。在世代在标准温度下饲养的W菌株中，暴露于30 °C 1 h（热休克，HS），当经历一种新颖的“味道”后，会产生一种被称为“加西亚效应”的味觉特异性厌恶。这种习得的回避需要上调热休克蛋白（HSPs）。相比之下，新收集的Stony菌株定期经历温度波动，并没有表现出加西亚效应。研究发现：（1）石蜗牛HSPs的基础mRNA水平高于W蜗牛；（2） 在W菌株中，引起加西亚效应的训练程序上调HSPs和关键的神经可塑性相关基因如CREB1和GRIN1的mRNA水平；（3） 在石蜗牛中，同样的训练程序无法改变这些靶标的mRNA水平。这些数据表明，石蜗牛并不认为HS是一种压力源，因为HSP基础mRNA水平较高，这可能会赋予更高的耐热性。
{"title":"Comparison of behavioural and transcriptional responses to a heat stressor between freshly collected and an inbred strain of Lymnaea","authors":"V. Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, C. Benatti, F. Tascedda, J. Blom, K. Lukowiak","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Different populations of organisms occurring across varying thermal regimes show diversity in responses to heat stress. We use a “common garden experimental” approach designed to deal with phenotypic plasticity to study in Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) the behavioural and molecular responses to a heat shock in laboratory-inbred snails (W-strain) and freshly collected snails (Stony strain) from ponds. In the W-strain, which has been reared under standardized temperatures for generations, the exposure to 30 °C for 1 h (heat shock, HS) when experienced after a novel “taste” results in a taste-specific aversion known as the “Garcia effect”. This learned avoidance requires the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In contrast, freshly collected Stony strain, which experiences temperature fluctuations regularly, does not exhibit a Garcia effect. Here, we found that (1) Stony-strain snails have higher basal mRNA levels of HSPs than W-strain ones; (2) in the W-strain, the training procedure to cause the Garcia effect upregulates the mRNA levels of HSPs and key neuroplasticity-related genes such as CREB1 and GRIN1; (3) in Stony-strain snails, the same training procedure fails to alter the mRNA levels of those targets. These data suggest that Stony-strain snails do not perceive the HS as a stressor because of the higher HSP basal mRNA levels, which may confer a higher thermal tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Deslauriers, Gwangseok R. Yoon, Kari J. McClellan, C. Klassen, W. G. Anderson
Physiological and behavioral traits of aquatic organisms are often highly dependent on environmental conditions, but genetic (family) effects often contribute to phenotypic variation. In this study, a series of physiological indices were used to assess the variability that exists amongst progeny of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) produced from eight different families. We designed a controlled experiment aimed to evaluate metabolic performance of age-0 lake sturgeon where growth, energy density, survival, metabolic rate, volitional swimming performance, and critical thermal maxima were quantified for fish reared under the same environmental conditions. We found a strong family effect for most metrics that were quantified, and primarily influenced by the female. Furthermore, poor growth and survival within families were strongly correlated to low energy density levels and depressed routine metabolic rates at the yolk-sac stage. Lastly, the quantification of energy density at the onset of exogenous feeding appeared to be an excellent predictor of future growth and survival. Our results suggest that the choice of female for production of progeny in conservation hatcheries will have significant impacts on the success of stock enhancement as a conservation strategy for lake sturgeon.
{"title":"Assessment of family-derived metabolic traits for the conservation of an ancient fish","authors":"D. Deslauriers, Gwangseok R. Yoon, Kari J. McClellan, C. Klassen, W. G. Anderson","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological and behavioral traits of aquatic organisms are often highly dependent on environmental conditions, but genetic (family) effects often contribute to phenotypic variation. In this study, a series of physiological indices were used to assess the variability that exists amongst progeny of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) produced from eight different families. We designed a controlled experiment aimed to evaluate metabolic performance of age-0 lake sturgeon where growth, energy density, survival, metabolic rate, volitional swimming performance, and critical thermal maxima were quantified for fish reared under the same environmental conditions. We found a strong family effect for most metrics that were quantified, and primarily influenced by the female. Furthermore, poor growth and survival within families were strongly correlated to low energy density levels and depressed routine metabolic rates at the yolk-sac stage. Lastly, the quantification of energy density at the onset of exogenous feeding appeared to be an excellent predictor of future growth and survival. Our results suggest that the choice of female for production of progeny in conservation hatcheries will have significant impacts on the success of stock enhancement as a conservation strategy for lake sturgeon.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48709327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christophe Jourdain-Bonneau, D. Deslauriers, Clémence Gourtay, K. Jeffries, C. Audet
Many salmonid species are particularly susceptible to chronic and acute temperature changes caused by global warming. We aimed to study the differences in metabolic and transcriptomic responses of a chronic heat stress on a control and selected (absence of early sexual maturation and growth) line of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). We exposed individuals to different temperatures for 35 days (15, 17 and 19 °C). High temperature reduced the growth rate (in length) and the Fulton condition factor. Both maximal metabolic rate and the aerobic scope were higher in fish reared at 17 °C, while they decreased in fish maintained at 19 °C. The relative gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase was lower at 19 °C than at 15 °C. The relative gene expressions of both liver and gill hsp90 was higher at the highest temperature. The standard metabolic rate, while not affected by temperature, was higher for the control line over the selected line. Only in the control line, the relative expression of catalase and of receptor of insulin-like growth factor-1 increased at 19 °C. Our results showed that the selected line was able to cope more effectively with the oxidative stress caused by the rise in temperature.
{"title":"Metabolic and transcriptomic response of two juvenile anadromous brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) genetic lines towards a chronic thermal stress","authors":"Christophe Jourdain-Bonneau, D. Deslauriers, Clémence Gourtay, K. Jeffries, C. Audet","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Many salmonid species are particularly susceptible to chronic and acute temperature changes caused by global warming. We aimed to study the differences in metabolic and transcriptomic responses of a chronic heat stress on a control and selected (absence of early sexual maturation and growth) line of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). We exposed individuals to different temperatures for 35 days (15, 17 and 19 °C). High temperature reduced the growth rate (in length) and the Fulton condition factor. Both maximal metabolic rate and the aerobic scope were higher in fish reared at 17 °C, while they decreased in fish maintained at 19 °C. The relative gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase was lower at 19 °C than at 15 °C. The relative gene expressions of both liver and gill hsp90 was higher at the highest temperature. The standard metabolic rate, while not affected by temperature, was higher for the control line over the selected line. Only in the control line, the relative expression of catalase and of receptor of insulin-like growth factor-1 increased at 19 °C. Our results showed that the selected line was able to cope more effectively with the oxidative stress caused by the rise in temperature.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46967299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Processing methods that maximize species richness from acoustic recordings obtained from regional monitoring programs can increase detections of uncommon, rare, and cryptic species and provide key information on species status and distribution. Using data from a regional bird monitoring in Yukon, Canada, we (1) compared the number of bird species detected (species richness) and the cost associated with four acoustic processing methods (Listening, Visual Scanning, Recognizer, Recognizer with Validation); and (2) combined Listening and Recognizer with Validation information to increase detections of all bird species at the ecoregion scale. We used comprehensive Visual Scanning to detect all bird species on the recordings. We processed ~1% of the recordings using Listening and detected 56% of the bird community with 71.5 hours of human effort. We used Recognizer (multispecies recognizer BirdNET) with Validation and detected 89% of the bird community with ~22% of the effort required for Visual Scanning (56 and 257 hours respectively). As an application of our approach, we combined Listening and Recognizer with Validation to process recordings from five northern ecoregions and found a 23-63% increase in the number of bird species detected with little additional effort. Combining Listening and Recognizer with Validation can maximize species detections from large passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) datasets.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence (BirdNET) supplements manual methods to maximize bird species richness from acoustic datasets generated from regional monitoring","authors":"L. Ware, C. L. Mahon, Logan McLeod, J. Jetté","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Processing methods that maximize species richness from acoustic recordings obtained from regional monitoring programs can increase detections of uncommon, rare, and cryptic species and provide key information on species status and distribution. Using data from a regional bird monitoring in Yukon, Canada, we (1) compared the number of bird species detected (species richness) and the cost associated with four acoustic processing methods (Listening, Visual Scanning, Recognizer, Recognizer with Validation); and (2) combined Listening and Recognizer with Validation information to increase detections of all bird species at the ecoregion scale. We used comprehensive Visual Scanning to detect all bird species on the recordings. We processed ~1% of the recordings using Listening and detected 56% of the bird community with 71.5 hours of human effort. We used Recognizer (multispecies recognizer BirdNET) with Validation and detected 89% of the bird community with ~22% of the effort required for Visual Scanning (56 and 257 hours respectively). As an application of our approach, we combined Listening and Recognizer with Validation to process recordings from five northern ecoregions and found a 23-63% increase in the number of bird species detected with little additional effort. Combining Listening and Recognizer with Validation can maximize species detections from large passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) datasets.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43469346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Philipp, Julie E. Claussen, J. Ludden, J. Svec, A. Shultz, S. Cooke, M. Ridgway, A. Bell, Madison A. Philipp, C. Suski, Matthew M.C. Philipp, F. J. Phelan, J. Stein
Annual recruitment in fish is undoubtedly impacted by a vast number of biotic and abiotic factors. That is especially the case for fish species such as the black bass (species in the genus Micropterus), where there is extended parental care. Although much focus has been given in the past on determining the roles that many of these factors (e.g., temperatures, wind, flow rates, habitat change) play in determining recruitment among the back basses, little attention has been given to assessing what role reproductive success plays in that determination. To address this question, we conducted a long-term study on two adjacent smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 populations in eastern Ontario to assess the relationship between annual fry cohort size (i.e., population-wide reproductive success) and annual recruitment. To measure population-wide annual fry cohort size, we used snorkel surveys to conduct a complete census of nesting smallmouth bass males during the spawn from 1990 to 2015. During those surveys, we quantified mating success, determined which nests were successful or not, and calculated the number of independent fry produced each year by summing those numbers across all successful nests. Summer snorkel surveys from 1991 to 2016 assessed annual recruitment through visual counts of age 1+ juveniles. Results demonstrated a highly significant, positive, linear relationship between annual fry cohort size and annual recruitment.
{"title":"Annual Recruitment is Correlated with Reproductive Success in a Smallmouth Bass Population","authors":"D. Philipp, Julie E. Claussen, J. Ludden, J. Svec, A. Shultz, S. Cooke, M. Ridgway, A. Bell, Madison A. Philipp, C. Suski, Matthew M.C. Philipp, F. J. Phelan, J. Stein","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Annual recruitment in fish is undoubtedly impacted by a vast number of biotic and abiotic factors. That is especially the case for fish species such as the black bass (species in the genus Micropterus), where there is extended parental care. Although much focus has been given in the past on determining the roles that many of these factors (e.g., temperatures, wind, flow rates, habitat change) play in determining recruitment among the back basses, little attention has been given to assessing what role reproductive success plays in that determination. To address this question, we conducted a long-term study on two adjacent smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 populations in eastern Ontario to assess the relationship between annual fry cohort size (i.e., population-wide reproductive success) and annual recruitment. To measure population-wide annual fry cohort size, we used snorkel surveys to conduct a complete census of nesting smallmouth bass males during the spawn from 1990 to 2015. During those surveys, we quantified mating success, determined which nests were successful or not, and calculated the number of independent fry produced each year by summing those numbers across all successful nests. Summer snorkel surveys from 1991 to 2016 assessed annual recruitment through visual counts of age 1+ juveniles. Results demonstrated a highly significant, positive, linear relationship between annual fry cohort size and annual recruitment.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45071062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bats are voracious predators of insects, and many insects have ears sensitive to the high-frequency echolocation calls of bats. Eared insects show a variety of defences when they detect bat echolocation calls. Professor Brock Fenton was an early contributor to the field of bat-insect interactions, inspiring many students to pursue investigations that have advanced our understanding of the relationship between predators and prey. Reflecting on the integrative nature of Dr. Fenton’s research, this review highlights research on the evolutionary arms race between gleaning insectivorous bats and katydid prey. Studies on this system have enhanced the field of sensory ecology by illuminating how animal auditory systems can encode and distinguish between signals that overlap in their acoustic properties but have very different consequences for the listener (sex or death). These studies also inform us about the ecological and evolutionary selection pressures on signalers and receivers that can shape mate attraction and predator avoidance behaviour. In particular, many Neotropical katydids rely on preventative instead of reactive defences against gleaning bats, likely due to the regular presence of echolocation calls from non-gleaning bats that reduce the information content of predator cues. We conclude with suggestions for future research on these fascinating animals.
{"title":"Predator-prey interactions between gleaning bats and katydids","authors":"Hannah M. ter Hofstede, P. Faure","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Bats are voracious predators of insects, and many insects have ears sensitive to the high-frequency echolocation calls of bats. Eared insects show a variety of defences when they detect bat echolocation calls. Professor Brock Fenton was an early contributor to the field of bat-insect interactions, inspiring many students to pursue investigations that have advanced our understanding of the relationship between predators and prey. Reflecting on the integrative nature of Dr. Fenton’s research, this review highlights research on the evolutionary arms race between gleaning insectivorous bats and katydid prey. Studies on this system have enhanced the field of sensory ecology by illuminating how animal auditory systems can encode and distinguish between signals that overlap in their acoustic properties but have very different consequences for the listener (sex or death). These studies also inform us about the ecological and evolutionary selection pressures on signalers and receivers that can shape mate attraction and predator avoidance behaviour. In particular, many Neotropical katydids rely on preventative instead of reactive defences against gleaning bats, likely due to the regular presence of echolocation calls from non-gleaning bats that reduce the information content of predator cues. We conclude with suggestions for future research on these fascinating animals.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limoilou-A Renaud, Gabriel Pigeon, Joanie Van de Walle, X. Bordeleau, M. Hammill, F. Pelletier
Marine mammal populations worldwide greatly benefitted from conservation measures put in place since the 1970s following overexploitation, and many pinniped populations have recovered. However, threats due to bycatch, interspecific interactions or climate change remain, and detailed knowledge on vital rates, population dynamics and their responses to environmental changes is essential for efficient management and conservation of wild populations. In this study, we quantified pup abundance and survival of individually marked harbour seal (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) pups during the preweaning period at Bic Island and Métis sites in the St. Lawrence Estuary from 1998 – 2019. We used mark-recapture models to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding variation in daily preweaning survival rates and capture probability during the pups’ first 30 days of life. Pup abundance increased from 76 (95% CI: [59, 101]) to 323 [95% CI: 233, 338] in the past two decades at Bic Island and from 66 [95% CI:47, 91] to 285 [95% CI: 204, 218] at Métis. Preweaning survival was generally higher at Bic (0.73 [95% CI: 0.58,0.82]) than at Métis (0.68 [95% CI: 0.52,0.79]). We hypothesize that differences between habitats and human disturbance contribute to lower preweaning survival at Métis, but behavioural studies are needed to understand the impacts of disturbance on mother-pup interactions during the nursing period.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation in pup abundance and pre-weaning survival of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada.","authors":"Limoilou-A Renaud, Gabriel Pigeon, Joanie Van de Walle, X. Bordeleau, M. Hammill, F. Pelletier","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Marine mammal populations worldwide greatly benefitted from conservation measures put in place since the 1970s following overexploitation, and many pinniped populations have recovered. However, threats due to bycatch, interspecific interactions or climate change remain, and detailed knowledge on vital rates, population dynamics and their responses to environmental changes is essential for efficient management and conservation of wild populations. In this study, we quantified pup abundance and survival of individually marked harbour seal (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) pups during the preweaning period at Bic Island and Métis sites in the St. Lawrence Estuary from 1998 – 2019. We used mark-recapture models to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding variation in daily preweaning survival rates and capture probability during the pups’ first 30 days of life. Pup abundance increased from 76 (95% CI: [59, 101]) to 323 [95% CI: 233, 338] in the past two decades at Bic Island and from 66 [95% CI:47, 91] to 285 [95% CI: 204, 218] at Métis. Preweaning survival was generally higher at Bic (0.73 [95% CI: 0.58,0.82]) than at Métis (0.68 [95% CI: 0.52,0.79]). We hypothesize that differences between habitats and human disturbance contribute to lower preweaning survival at Métis, but behavioural studies are needed to understand the impacts of disturbance on mother-pup interactions during the nursing period.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kenow, Yer Lor, Beth V. Holbrook, Luke J. Fara, Steven C. Houdek, Tariq Tajjioui, B. Gray, P. Jacobson
Common loon ( Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764)) foraging patterns and the relative importance of cisco ( Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818) in the diets of loons were evaluated for the Whitefish Chain of Lakes, a set of coldwater cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota, USA. Environmental DNA metabarcoding of loon fecal samples detected 15 fish species. Yellow perch ( Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)), mimic shiner ( Notropis volucellus (Cope, 1865)), and cisco were the most prominent prey detected across the study lakes. We observed a shift in fish species consumed, with increases in detections of mimic shiner and cisco DNA among loon fecal samples collected in August and September. In some locations, suitable oxythermal habitat became restricted throughout the summer, forcing cisco into surface waters, which potentially increased their vulnerability to loon predation. Conversely, large foraging aggregations of loons were observed during late summer through fall at locations with ample oxythermal habitat and abundant cisco populations. We hypothesize that cisco were sought by loons as a high-calorie prey resource prior to migration. Conservation efforts directed at preserving water quality in important cisco refuge lakes are likely to benefit common loons through enhancement of both the forage base, for resident and migrating birds, and breeding habitat suitability.
在美国明尼苏达州的一组冷水顺式生物保护湖泊Whitefish Chain of Lakes中，对普通潜鸟（Gavia immer（Brünnich，1764））的觅食模式和顺式生物在潜鸟饮食中的相对重要性（Coregonus artedi Lesueur，1818）进行了评估。潜鸟粪便样本的环境DNA代谢编码检测到15种鱼类。黄鲈鱼（Perca flavescens（Mitchill，1814））、拟石首鱼（Notropis volucellus（Cope，1865））和cisco是研究湖泊中发现的最突出的猎物。我们观察到，在8月和9月采集的潜鸟粪便样本中，鱼类消费量发生了变化，模拟胫和顺式脱氧核糖核酸的检测量增加。在一些地方，合适的湿热栖息地在整个夏天都受到限制，迫使cisco进入地表水域，这可能会增加它们被潜鸟捕食的脆弱性。相反，在夏末至秋季，在有充足的光热栖息地和丰富的顺式种群的地方，观察到了大量的潜鸟觅食群落。我们假设，在迁徙之前，潜鸟会将顺式脂肪酸作为一种高热量的猎物资源来寻找。旨在保护重要的cisco保护区湖泊水质的保护工作可能会通过加强留鸟和候鸟的饲料基地以及繁殖栖息地的适宜性，使普通潜鸟受益。
{"title":"The relative importance of cisco (Coregonus artedi) in the diets of common loons (Gavia immer) among a set of cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota","authors":"K. Kenow, Yer Lor, Beth V. Holbrook, Luke J. Fara, Steven C. Houdek, Tariq Tajjioui, B. Gray, P. Jacobson","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Common loon ( Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764)) foraging patterns and the relative importance of cisco ( Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818) in the diets of loons were evaluated for the Whitefish Chain of Lakes, a set of coldwater cisco refuge lakes in Minnesota, USA. Environmental DNA metabarcoding of loon fecal samples detected 15 fish species. Yellow perch ( Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)), mimic shiner ( Notropis volucellus (Cope, 1865)), and cisco were the most prominent prey detected across the study lakes. We observed a shift in fish species consumed, with increases in detections of mimic shiner and cisco DNA among loon fecal samples collected in August and September. In some locations, suitable oxythermal habitat became restricted throughout the summer, forcing cisco into surface waters, which potentially increased their vulnerability to loon predation. Conversely, large foraging aggregations of loons were observed during late summer through fall at locations with ample oxythermal habitat and abundant cisco populations. We hypothesize that cisco were sought by loons as a high-calorie prey resource prior to migration. Conservation efforts directed at preserving water quality in important cisco refuge lakes are likely to benefit common loons through enhancement of both the forage base, for resident and migrating birds, and breeding habitat suitability.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval, A. M. Bernegossi, S. Gallina, R. Reyna-Hurtado, J. Duarte
The Yucatan brown brocket deer was initially described as Mazama pandora Merriam, 1901. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA recovered the species as sister group of the genus Odocoileus and subsequently the species was repositioned to this genus naming Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901). However, there is still a lack of taxonomic consensus that could assists in nomenclature definition of the species. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of O. pandora through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data from recently collected specimens. Morphological characterizations identified O. pandora as a medium-sized brocket deer. The skull shows an inflated auditory bulla and a narrow zygomatic arch. Males present long, broad, spike-like antlers converging inward, marked with deep longitudinal grooves. Odocoileus pandora shows a karyotype with 2n = 60 FN = 74. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone hybridization showed that centric and tandem fusions, and inversions are involved in karyotypical divergences between M. pandora, S. gouazoubira, M. americana and O. virginianus. Our phylogeny based on Bayesian Inference of mitogenome recovered O. pandora as monophyletic within the subtribe Odocoileina, with Odocoileus as sister taxa. Morphological and genetic characteristics of O. pandora agrees in differencing the Yucatan brown brocket from Mazama and Odocoileus genera. Therefore, a new generic name should be indicated for this taxon.
{"title":"CYTOGENETIC, MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Odocoileus pandora (MERRIAM, 1901) (ARTIODACTYLA, CERVIDAE)","authors":"Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval, A. M. Bernegossi, S. Gallina, R. Reyna-Hurtado, J. Duarte","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"The Yucatan brown brocket deer was initially described as Mazama pandora Merriam, 1901. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA recovered the species as sister group of the genus Odocoileus and subsequently the species was repositioned to this genus naming Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901). However, there is still a lack of taxonomic consensus that could assists in nomenclature definition of the species. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of O. pandora through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data from recently collected specimens. Morphological characterizations identified O. pandora as a medium-sized brocket deer. The skull shows an inflated auditory bulla and a narrow zygomatic arch. Males present long, broad, spike-like antlers converging inward, marked with deep longitudinal grooves. Odocoileus pandora shows a karyotype with 2n = 60 FN = 74. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone hybridization showed that centric and tandem fusions, and inversions are involved in karyotypical divergences between M. pandora, S. gouazoubira, M. americana and O. virginianus. Our phylogeny based on Bayesian Inference of mitogenome recovered O. pandora as monophyletic within the subtribe Odocoileina, with Odocoileus as sister taxa. Morphological and genetic characteristics of O. pandora agrees in differencing the Yucatan brown brocket from Mazama and Odocoileus genera. Therefore, a new generic name should be indicated for this taxon.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49108547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：