G. El-Damrawi, D. Shosha, A. M. Abdelghany, M. I. Abdelghany
ABSTRACT. Studied glasses in the system 50P2O5-(49-x)SrO-1AlF3-xAl2O3 (mol%), 0≤x≤4.5, were prepared via the melt-annealing technique. The prepared samples are transparent amorphous network structures. Glasses are still transparent upon the heat treatment at 540 ºC for 4 hours. 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been applied to determine the structural role of Al2O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Vickers hardness (Hv) measurements have been carried out. XRD spectroscopy is used to investigate the glasses' crystalline features. The crystallinity was enhanced via the heat treatment process. Some of investigated strontium phosphate glasses are recommended to be applied in dental applications. KEY WORDS: NMR, Aluminum oxide, GIC, X-ray diffraction, Strontium phosphate Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 653-662. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9
{"title":"Structure and properties of strontium phosphate glasses modified with aluminum oxide applied as glass ionomer cement","authors":"G. El-Damrawi, D. Shosha, A. M. Abdelghany, M. I. Abdelghany","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Studied glasses in the system 50P2O5-(49-x)SrO-1AlF3-xAl2O3 (mol%), 0≤x≤4.5, were prepared via the melt-annealing technique. The prepared samples are transparent amorphous network structures. Glasses are still transparent upon the heat treatment at 540 ºC for 4 hours. 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been applied to determine the structural role of Al2O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Vickers hardness (Hv) measurements have been carried out. XRD spectroscopy is used to investigate the glasses' crystalline features. The crystallinity was enhanced via the heat treatment process. Some of investigated strontium phosphate glasses are recommended to be applied in dental applications. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: NMR, Aluminum oxide, GIC, X-ray diffraction, Strontium phosphate \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 653-662. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.9","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. In this study, the removal of diazo and tetra-azo dyes using calcined kaolin were compared. Direct red-28 (DR-28) and Direct black-22 (DB-22) was chosen as diazo and tetra-azo dyes, respectively. The kaolin obtained from Turkiye and calcined at 200 °C was found to be the most efficient adsorbent. Natural and calcined kaolins were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, TGA, and XRD. The parameters such as, calcination temperature of the kaolin, adsorbent amount, temperature, initial pH, contact time, and initial concentration were studied. It was found that the removal rate of DR-28 was higher than that of DB-22 at the studied conditions. The removal of DR-28 and DB-22 were found to be 90.1% and 46.2% under the following conditions: adsorbent amount: 1.2 g/200 mL, initial concentration: 20 mg/L, original pH, temperature: 20 °C and contact time 120 min. The adsorption of the dyes was fitted to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of calcined kaolin at 200 °C was determined as 5.39 and 3.5 mg/g for DR-28 and DB-22, respectively. The adsorption of DR-28 and DB-22 followed a pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of DB-22 onto calcined kaolin was endothermic while that of DR-28 was exothermic. KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Diazo dye, Tetra-azo dye, Kaolin Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 593-610. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.5
{"title":"Adsorption of diazo dye direct red-28 and tetra-azo dye direct black-22 using calcined kaolin in aqueous solutions","authors":"S. Fındık","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In this study, the removal of diazo and tetra-azo dyes using calcined kaolin were compared. Direct red-28 (DR-28) and Direct black-22 (DB-22) was chosen as diazo and tetra-azo dyes, respectively. The kaolin obtained from Turkiye and calcined at 200 °C was found to be the most efficient adsorbent. Natural and calcined kaolins were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, TGA, and XRD. The parameters such as, calcination temperature of the kaolin, adsorbent amount, temperature, initial pH, contact time, and initial concentration were studied. It was found that the removal rate of DR-28 was higher than that of DB-22 at the studied conditions. The removal of DR-28 and DB-22 were found to be 90.1% and 46.2% under the following conditions: adsorbent amount: 1.2 g/200 mL, initial concentration: 20 mg/L, original pH, temperature: 20 °C and contact time 120 min. The adsorption of the dyes was fitted to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of calcined kaolin at 200 °C was determined as 5.39 and 3.5 mg/g for DR-28 and DB-22, respectively. The adsorption of DR-28 and DB-22 followed a pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of DB-22 onto calcined kaolin was endothermic while that of DR-28 was exothermic. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Diazo dye, Tetra-azo dye, Kaolin \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 593-610. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.5","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43895036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Waziri, O. O. Wahab, G. A. Mala, S. O. Oselusi, S. A. Egieyeh, H. Nasir
ABSTRACT. Herein, the synthesis and characterizations of (Z)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one (HL) ligand and its Zn(II) complex are reported. The compounds were characterized using elemental and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, electrochemical studies, FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C{H}NMR, HRMS, and PXRD techniques. Antimicrobial activity was screened on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. DFT predictions were achieved using B3LYP, ωB97XD and M06-2X functional with 6-31+G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets for nonmetallic and metallic atoms, respectively. The therapeutic potentials of the compounds were evaluated based on protein binding affinity, ADME/T and drug-likeness properties. The experimental results revealed the formation of a complex in which two ligands coordinated to the zinc ion in a tetrahedral arrangement through their carbonyl and amino groups. The antimicrobial study showed that the complex possesses higher antimicrobial activity than free ligand and the control (Streptomycin). B3LYP emerged as the best performing functional having yielded the best IR spectra and geometrical parameters relative to the experimental data. The density functional theory (DFT) predictions revealed that the complex is more active than the ligand, and its formation is thermodynamically feasible and exothermic. The docking results revealed that the binding affinities of the compounds are in agreement with the in-vitro data, and they possess drug-like properties. KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Zinc complex, Antimicrobial, DFT, Docking study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 633-651. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.8
{"title":"Zinc(II) complex of (Z)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one, a potential antimicrobial agent: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial screening, DFT calculation and docking study","authors":"I. Waziri, O. O. Wahab, G. A. Mala, S. O. Oselusi, S. A. Egieyeh, H. Nasir","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Herein, the synthesis and characterizations of (Z)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one (HL) ligand and its Zn(II) complex are reported. The compounds were characterized using elemental and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, electrochemical studies, FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C{H}NMR, HRMS, and PXRD techniques. Antimicrobial activity was screened on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. DFT predictions were achieved using B3LYP, ωB97XD and M06-2X functional with 6-31+G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets for nonmetallic and metallic atoms, respectively. The therapeutic potentials of the compounds were evaluated based on protein binding affinity, ADME/T and drug-likeness properties. The experimental results revealed the formation of a complex in which two ligands coordinated to the zinc ion in a tetrahedral arrangement through their carbonyl and amino groups. The antimicrobial study showed that the complex possesses higher antimicrobial activity than free ligand and the control (Streptomycin). B3LYP emerged as the best performing functional having yielded the best IR spectra and geometrical parameters relative to the experimental data. The density functional theory (DFT) predictions revealed that the complex is more active than the ligand, and its formation is thermodynamically feasible and exothermic. The docking results revealed that the binding affinities of the compounds are in agreement with the in-vitro data, and they possess drug-like properties. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Zinc complex, Antimicrobial, DFT, Docking study \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 633-651. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.8","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awatif Amaria Moulay, Kheira Diaf, Zineb Elbahri, Abderrezzak Mesli, N. Chafi, N. Besbes
ABSTRACT. The objective of this work is to study the release of p-anisidine by the hydrolysis of synthesized Schiff bases N-vinylbenzylidene-p-anisidine (Im) as a monomer and its copolymers (Cp1, Cp2) with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). The hydrolysis behavior and kinetics are investigated in homogeneous media composed of ethanol/water (80% v/v) at 37 °C and at pH range of 4.0-10.0. The variation of the concentration over time is measured in thermostatically cells using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the imine function hydrolysis obeyed to the first order for all compounds; the experimental kinetic constants are determined and the pH–rate diagram profile is established. It is noticed that the hydrolysis of imine function is extremely dependent on its carrier and the pH medium. KEY WORDS: p-Anisidine, Copolymer, Schiff base, Hydrolysis, pH–rate diagram, Controlled release Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 745-755. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.16
{"title":"p-Anisidine release study by hydrolysis of Schiff bases in homogeneous media","authors":"Awatif Amaria Moulay, Kheira Diaf, Zineb Elbahri, Abderrezzak Mesli, N. Chafi, N. Besbes","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.16","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The objective of this work is to study the release of p-anisidine by the hydrolysis of synthesized Schiff bases N-vinylbenzylidene-p-anisidine (Im) as a monomer and its copolymers (Cp1, Cp2) with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). The hydrolysis behavior and kinetics are investigated in homogeneous media composed of ethanol/water (80% v/v) at 37 °C and at pH range of 4.0-10.0. The variation of the concentration over time is measured in thermostatically cells using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the imine function hydrolysis obeyed to the first order for all compounds; the experimental kinetic constants are determined and the pH–rate diagram profile is established. It is noticed that the hydrolysis of imine function is extremely dependent on its carrier and the pH medium. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: p-Anisidine, Copolymer, Schiff base, Hydrolysis, pH–rate diagram, Controlled release \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 745-755. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.16 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Hassani, Mahboubeh A. Sharif, Masoumeh Tabatabaee, Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
ABSTRACT. Complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PydcH2) have been synthesized in the NaX (zeolite-X) nanopores. The formation of zeolite X encapsulated Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes ([M(pydcH)2]-NaX, [M = Co(II) and Ni(II])] were confirmed using spectroscopic methods of FT-IR, elemental analysis, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM. It was affirmed that the encapsulation of complexes in NaX pores was formed without changes in the structure and shape of the zeolite. The oxidative degradation reaction of atenolol with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was performed in the presence of synthesized [M(pydcH)2]-NaX nanocomposites to study their catalytic activity. Therefore, oxidation of atenolol was performed under different conditions of catalyst, temperature, and time. Under optimal conditions, catalysts [Co(pydcH)2]-NaX and [Ni(pydcH)2]-NaX showed 82.3% and 71.1% activity of atenolol oxidation, respectively. These catalysts were stable after recovery and were used three more times. The results showed that these catalysts were reusable and had a reduction in the catalytic activity of less than ten percent.
KEY WORDS: Zeolite-X, Nano porosity, Ion-exchange, Degradation of atenolol, 2,6-Pyridine dicarboxylic acid
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 611-622.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.6
{"title":"Zeolite-x encapsulated Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid as catalysts for oxidative degradation of atenolol in an aqueous solution","authors":"Fatemeh Hassani, Mahboubeh A. Sharif, Masoumeh Tabatabaee, Mahboobeh Mahmoodi","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PydcH2) have been synthesized in the NaX (zeolite-X) nanopores. The formation of zeolite X encapsulated Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes ([M(pydcH)2]-NaX, [M = Co(II) and Ni(II])] were confirmed using spectroscopic methods of FT-IR, elemental analysis, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM. It was affirmed that the encapsulation of complexes in NaX pores was formed without changes in the structure and shape of the zeolite. The oxidative degradation reaction of atenolol with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was performed in the presence of synthesized [M(pydcH)2]-NaX nanocomposites to study their catalytic activity. Therefore, oxidation of atenolol was performed under different conditions of catalyst, temperature, and time. Under optimal conditions, catalysts [Co(pydcH)2]-NaX and [Ni(pydcH)2]-NaX showed 82.3% and 71.1% activity of atenolol oxidation, respectively. These catalysts were stable after recovery and were used three more times. The results showed that these catalysts were reusable and had a reduction in the catalytic activity of less than ten percent.
 
 KEY WORDS: Zeolite-X, Nano porosity, Ion-exchange, Degradation of atenolol, 2,6-Pyridine dicarboxylic acid
 
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 611-622. 
 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.6","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135080303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teshale Assefa, H. Tesso, Eticha Abdisa, Leta Guta, Y. Melaku
ABSTRACT. Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from various parts of Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus and Cucumis prophetarum were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Compounds 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol, neophytadiene, and isophytol from leaves, phytol and octacosane from the stems, hentriacontane from the fruits, and octacosane, abietadiene from roots were identified the major constituents of Cucumis ficifolius. Hydrocarbons including Octacosane, tricosane, tetracosane, hentriacontane and hexacosane were the principal components of various parts of Cucumis. dispaceus. While leaves, stems and roots of Cucumis prophetarum contain mainly hentriacontane, neophytadiene and octacosane, respectively. The oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against four bacterial pathogens including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. All tested essential oils were sensitive against the bacterial strains. The essential oil from the leaves of Cucumis dispaceus exhibited the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (11.87±2.42 mm) while the other displayed modest activity compared with the positive control, ceftriaxone. Therefore, the antibacterial activities displayed by the essential oils along with the literature reported for their constituents suggest the use of these plants as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, the results presented herein also support the traditional use of these plants against bacteria. KEY WORDS: Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus, Cucumis prophetarum, Antibacteria Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 703-715. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.13
{"title":"Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from selected species of the genus Cucumis in Ethiopia","authors":"Teshale Assefa, H. Tesso, Eticha Abdisa, Leta Guta, Y. Melaku","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.13","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from various parts of Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus and Cucumis prophetarum were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Compounds 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol, neophytadiene, and isophytol from leaves, phytol and octacosane from the stems, hentriacontane from the fruits, and octacosane, abietadiene from roots were identified the major constituents of Cucumis ficifolius. Hydrocarbons including Octacosane, tricosane, tetracosane, hentriacontane and hexacosane were the principal components of various parts of Cucumis. dispaceus. While leaves, stems and roots of Cucumis prophetarum contain mainly hentriacontane, neophytadiene and octacosane, respectively. The oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against four bacterial pathogens including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. All tested essential oils were sensitive against the bacterial strains. The essential oil from the leaves of Cucumis dispaceus exhibited the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (11.87±2.42 mm) while the other displayed modest activity compared with the positive control, ceftriaxone. Therefore, the antibacterial activities displayed by the essential oils along with the literature reported for their constituents suggest the use of these plants as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, the results presented herein also support the traditional use of these plants against bacteria. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus, Cucumis prophetarum, Antibacteria \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 703-715. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.13","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43905720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulubrhan K. Hagos, Estifanos Ele Yaya, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, M. Redi-Abshiro
ABSTRACT. Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil was extracted using petroleum ether and analyzed for fatty acid compositions and physicochemical parameters of the oil. The seeds were found to contain 43.6% (%w/w) oil. Linoleic (50.7%), oleic (18.8%), palmitic (17.9%) and stearic (12.4%) were found as the primary fatty acids in pumpkin seed oil. Physicochemical parameters of pumpkin seed oil were found to be acid value (1.32 mg KOH/g oil), saponification value (191 mg KOH/g oil), iodine value (114 g I2/100 g), peroxide value (3.6 meq/kg), specific gravity (0.91 g/mL), refractive index (1.47) and viscosity (24.7). According to the study's findings, 50% of the oil contains the essential fatty acid omega-6 (linoleic acid). The high concentration of essential linoleic acid in pumpkin seed oil implies that it is a nutrient-dense food. The physicochemical study of the pumpkin seed oil samples also showed that they were suitable as industrial ingredients for making soap, cosmetics, medications, and food additives, among other things. KEY WORDS: Pumpkin seed oil, Fatty acids, Oil content, Physicochemical parameters, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Ethiopia Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 565-577. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.3
摘要。用石油醚提取南瓜籽油，并对其脂肪酸组成和理化参数进行了分析。发现种子含有43.6%（%w/w）的油。南瓜籽油中主要脂肪酸为亚油酸（50.7%）、油酸（18.8%）、棕榈酸（17.9%）和硬脂酸（12.4%）。南瓜籽油的理化参数为酸值（1.32 mg KOH/g油）、皂化值（191 mg KOH/g油）、碘值（114 g I2/100 g）、过氧化值（3.6 meq/kg）、比重（0.91 g/mL）、折射率（1.47）和粘度（24.7）。根据研究结果，50%的南瓜籽油含有必需脂肪酸ω-6（亚油酸）。南瓜籽油中含有高浓度的必需亚油酸，这意味着它是一种营养丰富的食物。南瓜籽油样品的物理化学研究还表明，它们适合作为工业原料，用于制造肥皂、化妆品、药物和食品添加剂等。关键词：南瓜籽油，脂肪酸，含油量，理化参数，气相色谱-质谱法，埃塞俄比亚公牛。化学。Soc.Ethiop。2023，37（3），565-577.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.3
{"title":"Determination of fatty acids composition by GC-MS and physicochemical parameters of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil cultivated in Ethiopia","authors":"Mulubrhan K. Hagos, Estifanos Ele Yaya, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, M. Redi-Abshiro","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil was extracted using petroleum ether and analyzed for fatty acid compositions and physicochemical parameters of the oil. The seeds were found to contain 43.6% (%w/w) oil. Linoleic (50.7%), oleic (18.8%), palmitic (17.9%) and stearic (12.4%) were found as the primary fatty acids in pumpkin seed oil. Physicochemical parameters of pumpkin seed oil were found to be acid value (1.32 mg KOH/g oil), saponification value (191 mg KOH/g oil), iodine value (114 g I2/100 g), peroxide value (3.6 meq/kg), specific gravity (0.91 g/mL), refractive index (1.47) and viscosity (24.7). According to the study's findings, 50% of the oil contains the essential fatty acid omega-6 (linoleic acid). The high concentration of essential linoleic acid in pumpkin seed oil implies that it is a nutrient-dense food. The physicochemical study of the pumpkin seed oil samples also showed that they were suitable as industrial ingredients for making soap, cosmetics, medications, and food additives, among other things. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Pumpkin seed oil, Fatty acids, Oil content, Physicochemical parameters, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Ethiopia \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 565-577. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.3","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Fathi, E. A. Gomaa, Shereen E. Salem, Hamada M. Killa, Ayman A. Gouda, Abdel Hamid Farouk
ABSTRACT. For lump and nanocobalt sulfate (CoSO4) in pure water, the affiliation and thermodynamic association characteristics were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. Based on the bulk and nano CoSO4 molar conductance, estimates were made for the parameters of the solvation, such as the activity coefficient, free energy of association, enthalpy of association, association constant, and entropy of association. We discussed about each of these solvation parameters. Two stoichiometric complexes were formed by the interaction of bulk and nano CoSO4.7H2O with fuchsin acid: 1:1 and 1:2 In the case of 1:1 (CoSO4.7H2O/fuchsin acid) compared to 1:2 (fuchsin acid in pure water as solvent), the complex Kf and ∆Gf are higher, indicating simpler complex formation. The temperature increase resulted in a drop in the formation constants. The complexation's negative ∆Gf values demonstrate that the process of complex synthesis was spontaneous and that the temperature improved the spontaneity. KEY WORDS: Molar conductance, Association constants, Fuchsin acid, Nano cobalt sulfate salt, Formation constant Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 789-804. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.20
{"title":"Parameters for the conductometric association for lump and nano CoSO4.7H2O in the presence and absence of fuchsin acid in water at different temperature","authors":"Mohamed Fathi, E. A. Gomaa, Shereen E. Salem, Hamada M. Killa, Ayman A. Gouda, Abdel Hamid Farouk","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.20","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. For lump and nanocobalt sulfate (CoSO4) in pure water, the affiliation and thermodynamic association characteristics were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. Based on the bulk and nano CoSO4 molar conductance, estimates were made for the parameters of the solvation, such as the activity coefficient, free energy of association, enthalpy of association, association constant, and entropy of association. We discussed about each of these solvation parameters. Two stoichiometric complexes were formed by the interaction of bulk and nano CoSO4.7H2O with fuchsin acid: 1:1 and 1:2 In the case of 1:1 (CoSO4.7H2O/fuchsin acid) compared to 1:2 (fuchsin acid in pure water as solvent), the complex Kf and ∆Gf are higher, indicating simpler complex formation. The temperature increase resulted in a drop in the formation constants. The complexation's negative ∆Gf values demonstrate that the process of complex synthesis was spontaneous and that the temperature improved the spontaneity. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Molar conductance, Association constants, Fuchsin acid, Nano cobalt sulfate salt, Formation constant \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 789-804. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.20","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45321025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banupriya Kanagarajan, S. Parveen, R. Ramasamy, Umarani Ramasamy
ABSTRACT. The importance of the A2BX4 complex (A = bivalent ion, NH4+ and its alkyl radical derivatives; B = bivalent transition metal ion and X = halogen) has increased in recent years due to fascinating physical properties such as ferro elastic, ferroelectric, and corresponding – unequal phases at low temperatures. In modern technologies the use of transistors, ferromagnetic garnets, sensor systems, softener templates, and ultraviolet light, as well as IR solid-state lasers, efficient crystalline materials are expected. A slow evaporation approach at room temperature was used to grow the TPAPBr-Zn [(CH3CH2CH2)4N]2ZnBr4(II) challenging kind A2BX4. Elemental analysis, powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, FT-IR, proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize the synthesized compound. The presence of chemical groups and methylene radical groups in the compound are confirmed by the FT-IR spectra. The presence of an N-propyl group in the molecule is indicated by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Thermogram of the compound reveals two-stage decomposition showing endo followed by exothermic decomposition resulting zinc oxide as an end product. As synthesised compound shown significant inhibitory activity towards free radical. KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Elemental analysis, Spectroscopic studies, TG analysis, Antioxidant, Tetrapropylammonium tetrabromozincate(II) Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 623-631. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.7
{"title":"New tetrapropylammonium tetrabromozincate complex [(C3H7)4N]2ZnBr4(II) - synthesis, spectral, thermal characterization and antioxidant activity","authors":"Banupriya Kanagarajan, S. Parveen, R. Ramasamy, Umarani Ramasamy","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The importance of the A2BX4 complex (A = bivalent ion, NH4+ and its alkyl radical derivatives; B = bivalent transition metal ion and X = halogen) has increased in recent years due to fascinating physical properties such as ferro elastic, ferroelectric, and corresponding – unequal phases at low temperatures. In modern technologies the use of transistors, ferromagnetic garnets, sensor systems, softener templates, and ultraviolet light, as well as IR solid-state lasers, efficient crystalline materials are expected. A slow evaporation approach at room temperature was used to grow the TPAPBr-Zn [(CH3CH2CH2)4N]2ZnBr4(II) challenging kind A2BX4. Elemental analysis, powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, FT-IR, proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize the synthesized compound. The presence of chemical groups and methylene radical groups in the compound are confirmed by the FT-IR spectra. The presence of an N-propyl group in the molecule is indicated by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Thermogram of the compound reveals two-stage decomposition showing endo followed by exothermic decomposition resulting zinc oxide as an end product. As synthesised compound shown significant inhibitory activity towards free radical. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Elemental analysis, Spectroscopic studies, TG analysis, Antioxidant, Tetrapropylammonium tetrabromozincate(II) \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 623-631. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.7","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47249814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abeb Yetesha, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, W. Yohannes
ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of major (Na, Mg, K, Ca) and heavy (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) metals and health risk assessment of the peel, flesh and seed of pumpkins cultivated in Ethiopia, using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Dried powdered samples (0.5 g) were wet digested with 69% HNO3 and 30% H2O2 in microwave digester. The percent recovery for the three parts of pumpkin samples were 90-110%. The mean concentration of metals in pumpkin peel, flesh, seed samples, respectively, were K (27806±9767, 29531±2452, 10667±1133), Ca (5267±2092, 3190±900, 2919±397), Mg (4716±469, 848±349, 4668±413), Fe (158±29, 111±46, 225±56), Na (167±116, 63.1±15, 171±123), Mn (28.9±1.4, 9.61±3.2, 33.4±4.9), Zn (24.2±4.4, 10.6±4.0, 67.5±12.3), Cu (8.14±1.1, 15.1±9.3, 10.8±0.9), Ni (3.79±2.4, 2.14±1.3, 3.44±2.8), Cr (0.28±0.1, 0.36±0.2, 0.69±0.1), Cd (0.24±0.1, 0.46±0.1, 1.39±0.2) mg/kg. The hazard index (HI) of pumpkin flesh and seed indicated ingestion of pumpkin is safe from non-carcinogenic risk. The total cancer risk (CR) due to consumption of pumpkin flesh and seed through Cr and Cd from the three sampling sites are in the range 1.1 x 10-4 -1.8 x 10-4, indicating a non-risk of exposure to cancer due to the consumption of pumpkin grown in the sampling areas. KEY WORDS: Pumpkin, Mineral content, Health risk, Microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 533-551. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.1
摘要。本研究的目的是使用微波等离子体原子发射光谱法测定埃塞俄比亚种植的南瓜皮、果肉和种子中主要（Na、Mg、K、Ca）和重（Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd）金属的含量，并对其健康风险进行评估。干燥的粉末状样品（0.5g）在微波消化器中用69%的HNO3和30%的H2O2湿消化。南瓜样品的三个部分的回收率为90-110%。南瓜皮、果肉和种子样品中金属的平均浓度分别为K（27806±976729531±245210667±1133），Ca（5267±20923190±9002919±397），Mg（4716±469848±3494668±413），Fe（158±29111±46225±56），Na（167±11663.1±15171±123），Mn（28.9±1.49.61±3.233.4±4.9），Zn（24.2±4.410.6±4.067.5±12.3），Cu（8.14±1.1、15.1±9.3、10.8±0.9），Ni（3.79±2.4、2.14±1.3、3.44±2.8）、Cr（0.28±0.1、0.36±0.2、0.69±0.1）、Cd（0.24±0.1，0.46±0.1、1.39±0.2）mg/kg。南瓜果肉和种子的危害指数（HI）表明摄入南瓜是安全的，没有致癌风险。三个采样点通过CR和Cd摄入南瓜肉和南瓜籽导致的癌症总风险（CR）在1.1 x 10-4-1.8 x 10-4范围内，表明食用采样区种植的南瓜不会导致患癌症的风险。关键词：南瓜，矿物质含量，健康风险，微波等离子体原子发射光谱法。化学。Soc.Ethiop。2023，37（3），533-551.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.1
{"title":"Major and heavy metals contents and health risk assessment of pumpkin peel, flesh and seed by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy","authors":"Abeb Yetesha, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, W. Yohannes","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of major (Na, Mg, K, Ca) and heavy (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) metals and health risk assessment of the peel, flesh and seed of pumpkins cultivated in Ethiopia, using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Dried powdered samples (0.5 g) were wet digested with 69% HNO3 and 30% H2O2 in microwave digester. The percent recovery for the three parts of pumpkin samples were 90-110%. The mean concentration of metals in pumpkin peel, flesh, seed samples, respectively, were K (27806±9767, 29531±2452, 10667±1133), Ca (5267±2092, 3190±900, 2919±397), Mg (4716±469, 848±349, 4668±413), Fe (158±29, 111±46, 225±56), Na (167±116, 63.1±15, 171±123), Mn (28.9±1.4, 9.61±3.2, 33.4±4.9), Zn (24.2±4.4, 10.6±4.0, 67.5±12.3), Cu (8.14±1.1, 15.1±9.3, 10.8±0.9), Ni (3.79±2.4, 2.14±1.3, 3.44±2.8), Cr (0.28±0.1, 0.36±0.2, 0.69±0.1), Cd (0.24±0.1, 0.46±0.1, 1.39±0.2) mg/kg. The hazard index (HI) of pumpkin flesh and seed indicated ingestion of pumpkin is safe from non-carcinogenic risk. The total cancer risk (CR) due to consumption of pumpkin flesh and seed through Cr and Cd from the three sampling sites are in the range 1.1 x 10-4 -1.8 x 10-4, indicating a non-risk of exposure to cancer due to the consumption of pumpkin grown in the sampling areas. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Pumpkin, Mineral content, Health risk, Microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 533-551. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.1","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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