Dennis Eyetan Elete, Joseph Onyeka Emegha, Nelson Oyindenyifa Nenuwe, Oghogho Weyinmi Omagbemi
ABSTRACT. The effects of copper concentration on the properties of copper lead sulfide thin films have been reported. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to deposit the ternary material on soda-lime substrates. Here, the films were grown using copper(II) chloride, lead nitrate, and thiourea as sources of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and sulfur (S), respectively. The grown films were examined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, UV-spectrophotometer and four-point (4P) probes. XRD measurements revealed a polycrystalline material with strong adherent to the substrates. SEM readings indicated various grain-like crystalline morphologies with different sizes that change with copper concentrations. The EDX studies revealed that the deposited material consist of copper, lead and sulfur in various compositions. The transmittance was high in the near infrared regions of the electromagnetic radiation and, also decreases with copper concentrations. The band gap (Eg) varies from 2.05 to 2.50 eV with increase in copper concentrations. The study shows that CBD is an excellent method in depositing good quality films for device applications. KEY WORDS: Thin films, Substrates, Copper lead sulfide, Deposition, Optical properties Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1237-1251. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.15
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of chemical bath deposited copper doped lead sulfide thin films","authors":"Dennis Eyetan Elete, Joseph Onyeka Emegha, Nelson Oyindenyifa Nenuwe, Oghogho Weyinmi Omagbemi","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.15","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The effects of copper concentration on the properties of copper lead sulfide thin films have been reported. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to deposit the ternary material on soda-lime substrates. Here, the films were grown using copper(II) chloride, lead nitrate, and thiourea as sources of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and sulfur (S), respectively. The grown films were examined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, UV-spectrophotometer and four-point (4P) probes. XRD measurements revealed a polycrystalline material with strong adherent to the substrates. SEM readings indicated various grain-like crystalline morphologies with different sizes that change with copper concentrations. The EDX studies revealed that the deposited material consist of copper, lead and sulfur in various compositions. The transmittance was high in the near infrared regions of the electromagnetic radiation and, also decreases with copper concentrations. The band gap (Eg) varies from 2.05 to 2.50 eV with increase in copper concentrations. The study shows that CBD is an excellent method in depositing good quality films for device applications. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Thin films, Substrates, Copper lead sulfide, Deposition, Optical properties \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1237-1251. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.15","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. An android smartphone-based digital image colorimeter was proposed as a novel, fast, cheap, and portable colorimetric sensor for quantification of safranin in aqueous solutions via built-in-house light-boxes photography. Smartphone application known as RGB color detector app that uses an image-matching algorithm via using of take photo (TP) and live camera (LC) to analyze colorful solutions. The color values including red (R), green (G), and blue (B) parameters can be measured with the aid of the app and used for quantifying colorful solutions. The influence of various experimental factors has been optimized. Under optimal conditions, analytical curves were 1.0-10.0 and 2.0-30.0 µg/mL of safranin using G and B parameters, respectively. The obtained signal via the G channel also presented greater sensitivity and linearity, therefore preferred to be the best working channel. The obtained linear range, correlation coefficient, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9889, 0.15 µg/mL, and 0.51 µg/mL via the GTP-25 method, and 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9961, 0.13 µg/mL, and 0.44 µg/mL via GLC-25 method, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for evaluation of the dye removal. Results were in good agreement with those recorded by UV-Visible spectrophotometer/reference method. KEY WORDS: Smartphone, App, Portable, Colorimetric, Sensor, Safranin Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1065-1080. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.1
{"title":"Smartphones app as portable colorimetric sensor for low-cost quantification of safranin dye in aqueous solutions","authors":"Hawraz Sami Khalid, Nabil Adil Fakhre","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. An android smartphone-based digital image colorimeter was proposed as a novel, fast, cheap, and portable colorimetric sensor for quantification of safranin in aqueous solutions via built-in-house light-boxes photography. Smartphone application known as RGB color detector app that uses an image-matching algorithm via using of take photo (TP) and live camera (LC) to analyze colorful solutions. The color values including red (R), green (G), and blue (B) parameters can be measured with the aid of the app and used for quantifying colorful solutions. The influence of various experimental factors has been optimized. Under optimal conditions, analytical curves were 1.0-10.0 and 2.0-30.0 µg/mL of safranin using G and B parameters, respectively. The obtained signal via the G channel also presented greater sensitivity and linearity, therefore preferred to be the best working channel. The obtained linear range, correlation coefficient, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9889, 0.15 µg/mL, and 0.51 µg/mL via the GTP-25 method, and 1.00-10.00 µg/mL, 0.9961, 0.13 µg/mL, and 0.44 µg/mL via GLC-25 method, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for evaluation of the dye removal. Results were in good agreement with those recorded by UV-Visible spectrophotometer/reference method. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Smartphone, App, Portable, Colorimetric, Sensor, Safranin \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1065-1080. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.1 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. El-Rayyes, Roaa T. Mogharbel, Mohamed H. Abdel-Rhman, Mohamed A. Ismail, E. Abdel‐Latif
ABSTRACT. A series of 2-(4-substituted-phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one compounds was synthesized via heterocyclizing the corresponding N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides with ammonium thiocyanate. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on an extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, including infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass analyses. The possible tautomeric forms of synthesized thiazolidine-4-ones were studied. The tautomerization equilibrium parameters, ΔH, ΔG, and Keq were calculated using the DFT/B3LYP methodology, where it has been indicated that the tautomeric form, phenylimino, is more favourable than the phenylamino form. The antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the synthesized thiazolidin-4-ones were investigated. 2-(Chlorophenyl-imino)thiazolidin-4-one displayed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli (88.46%) and S. aureus (91.66%), and highest percent of inhibition (81.8%, ABTS assay). KEY WORDS: N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides, Ammonium thiocyanate, 2-(Arylimino)thiazolidin-4-ones, Mulliken’s charges, Dipole moment, ABTS assay Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1275-1286. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.18
{"title":"Molecular geometry and biological activity of 2-(4-substituted-phenylimino)thiazolidin- 4-one compounds","authors":"A. El-Rayyes, Roaa T. Mogharbel, Mohamed H. Abdel-Rhman, Mohamed A. Ismail, E. Abdel‐Latif","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.18","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A series of 2-(4-substituted-phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one compounds was synthesized via heterocyclizing the corresponding N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides with ammonium thiocyanate. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on an extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, including infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass analyses. The possible tautomeric forms of synthesized thiazolidine-4-ones were studied. The tautomerization equilibrium parameters, ΔH, ΔG, and Keq were calculated using the DFT/B3LYP methodology, where it has been indicated that the tautomeric form, phenylimino, is more favourable than the phenylamino form. The antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the synthesized thiazolidin-4-ones were investigated. 2-(Chlorophenyl-imino)thiazolidin-4-one displayed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli (88.46%) and S. aureus (91.66%), and highest percent of inhibition (81.8%, ABTS assay). \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides, Ammonium thiocyanate, 2-(Arylimino)thiazolidin-4-ones, Mulliken’s charges, Dipole moment, ABTS assay \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1275-1286. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.18 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43534883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Iodinated heterocyclic molecules are crucial structural components of many natural products, including hormones, vitamins, and medicines. The pharmaceutical survey is very interested in the investigation of the kinetics of the iodination of N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazine. The rate of iodination is directly dependent on the concentration of both 1,2-thiazine and iodine under different molar ratios (1:10), (10:1) adopted on the isolation method, the observed rate of iodination, the pseudo-first-order and the second order using (1:1) molar ratio in the overall reaction using spectrophotometric techniques. Thermodynamic activation parameters activation energy Ea, enthalpy change ΔH#, entropy change ΔS#, and Gibbs free energy ΔG# of activation were calculated from the rate constant at temperatures 273, 283, 293, 303, and 318 K. KEY WORDS: Production rate, 1,2-Thiazine, Iodine (I2), Kinetic Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1253-1262. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.16
{"title":"Production rate of heterocyclic compounds iodinated N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3,5- dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazine","authors":"Shireen Ibrahim Hamadamin","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.16","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Iodinated heterocyclic molecules are crucial structural components of many natural products, including hormones, vitamins, and medicines. The pharmaceutical survey is very interested in the investigation of the kinetics of the iodination of N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazine. The rate of iodination is directly dependent on the concentration of both 1,2-thiazine and iodine under different molar ratios (1:10), (10:1) adopted on the isolation method, the observed rate of iodination, the pseudo-first-order and the second order using (1:1) molar ratio in the overall reaction using spectrophotometric techniques. Thermodynamic activation parameters activation energy Ea, enthalpy change ΔH#, entropy change ΔS#, and Gibbs free energy ΔG# of activation were calculated from the rate constant at temperatures 273, 283, 293, 303, and 318 K. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Production rate, 1,2-Thiazine, Iodine (I2), Kinetic \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1253-1262. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.16","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49173827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Electrochemical micromachining (ECM) is a nontraditional method used for machining operations in hard and light materials with fixed or varying parameters. In this study, magnesium AZ31 alloy was micro machined using two types of electrolyte supply systems, namely electrolyte flooding and minimum quantity electrolyte (MQE). Experimental investigations were performed using TOPSIS and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with types of electrolyte supply system, electrolyte concentration (EC), duty cycle (%), and machining voltage (V) as the input parameters, and material removal rate (MRR) and over cut (OC) as the outputs. Single and multi-objective parameter optimization was performed using Taguchi, TOPSIS, and ANN techniques. The machined microholes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. According to the TOPSIS results, under optimal conditions, a high MRR value and minimum OC of 1.282 μm/s and 66 μm, respectively, were obtained. The results of TOPSIS were verified using the developed ANN architecture. KEY WORDS: Magnesium, AZ31 alloy, Electrochemical micromachining, Optimization, TOPSIS, ANN Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1263-1273. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.17
{"title":"Electrochemical micromachining and parameter optimization on AZ31 alloy—ANN and TOPSIS techniques","authors":"N. Sivashankar, R. Thanigaivelan, K. G. Saravanan","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.17","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Electrochemical micromachining (ECM) is a nontraditional method used for machining operations in hard and light materials with fixed or varying parameters. In this study, magnesium AZ31 alloy was micro machined using two types of electrolyte supply systems, namely electrolyte flooding and minimum quantity electrolyte (MQE). Experimental investigations were performed using TOPSIS and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with types of electrolyte supply system, electrolyte concentration (EC), duty cycle (%), and machining voltage (V) as the input parameters, and material removal rate (MRR) and over cut (OC) as the outputs. Single and multi-objective parameter optimization was performed using Taguchi, TOPSIS, and ANN techniques. The machined microholes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. According to the TOPSIS results, under optimal conditions, a high MRR value and minimum OC of 1.282 μm/s and 66 μm, respectively, were obtained. The results of TOPSIS were verified using the developed ANN architecture. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Magnesium, AZ31 alloy, Electrochemical micromachining, Optimization, TOPSIS, ANN \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1263-1273. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.17 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43406723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zainab Waheed, Sadia Ghazanfar, Muhamamd Usman, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Tariq, K. Mahmood, A. Haider, M. Sirajuddin
ABSTRACT. In the present research work, ternary composite g-C3N4-WO3/rGO was prepared by using ultrasonic assisted wet impregnation procedure. The prepared ternary composite was characterized by using FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of characteristic bonds of the representative components in the composite by showing their characteristic peaks. The XRD pattern of ternary composite g-C3N4-WO3/rGO showed the presence of peaks responsible for monoclinic phase of pure tungsten oxide (WO3) and the characteristic peaks of graphitic C3N4 and GO. SEM studies of g-C3N4-WO3/rGO revealed the presence of randomly dispersed tungsten oxide particles in between agglomerated 2-D layers of carbon nitride and GO sheets. EDX data confirmed the phase purity in the form of elemental composition of the prepared composite and further provided At wt% of each element in the composite. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized composite was evaluated by performing photocatalytic degradation test of methylene blue (MB). The rate of degradation was measured by using Shimadzu UV-1800 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer by recording the decreasing concentration of dye in terms of their absorbance values. The results exhibited that g-C3N4-WO3/rGO showed better degradation efficiency in 180 min. KEY WORDS: Impregnation, Composite, Photocatalyst, Degradation, Methylene blue Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1123-1131. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.5
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of ternary composite g-C3N4-WO3/rGO for photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue","authors":"Zainab Waheed, Sadia Ghazanfar, Muhamamd Usman, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Tariq, K. Mahmood, A. Haider, M. Sirajuddin","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In the present research work, ternary composite g-C3N4-WO3/rGO was prepared by using ultrasonic assisted wet impregnation procedure. The prepared ternary composite was characterized by using FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of characteristic bonds of the representative components in the composite by showing their characteristic peaks. The XRD pattern of ternary composite g-C3N4-WO3/rGO showed the presence of peaks responsible for monoclinic phase of pure tungsten oxide (WO3) and the characteristic peaks of graphitic C3N4 and GO. SEM studies of g-C3N4-WO3/rGO revealed the presence of randomly dispersed tungsten oxide particles in between agglomerated 2-D layers of carbon nitride and GO sheets. EDX data confirmed the phase purity in the form of elemental composition of the prepared composite and further provided At wt% of each element in the composite. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized composite was evaluated by performing photocatalytic degradation test of methylene blue (MB). The rate of degradation was measured by using Shimadzu UV-1800 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer by recording the decreasing concentration of dye in terms of their absorbance values. The results exhibited that g-C3N4-WO3/rGO showed better degradation efficiency in 180 min. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Impregnation, Composite, Photocatalyst, Degradation, Methylene blue \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1123-1131. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.5 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46387690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulubrhan K. Hagos, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, M. Redi-Abshiro, Estifanos Ele Yaya
ABSTRACT. Pumpkins are increasingly regarded as functional foods since they contain valuable nutrients and bioactive substances that have positive health effects. The number of bioactive components depends on the origins and parts of the pumpkin, which define its antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities of three parts of pumpkin from four different sample origins and investigated the correlation between them. The content of bioactive components in pumpkin from Dukem, Ethiopia, was highest in the flesh, peel, and seeds compared to the other sample areas. The Pearson correlation result indicated a strong relationship between the total phenolic, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents of pumpkin and their respective antioxidant activities. This study found that the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity varied across the pumpkin sample sources and pumpkin parts. KEY WORDS: Pumpkin, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Ascorbic acid, Antioxidant activity, Ethiopia Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1093-1108. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.3
{"title":"Determination of total phenolic, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity of pumpkin flesh, peel and seeds","authors":"Mulubrhan K. Hagos, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, M. Redi-Abshiro, Estifanos Ele Yaya","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.3","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Pumpkins are increasingly regarded as functional foods since they contain valuable nutrients and bioactive substances that have positive health effects. The number of bioactive components depends on the origins and parts of the pumpkin, which define its antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities of three parts of pumpkin from four different sample origins and investigated the correlation between them. The content of bioactive components in pumpkin from Dukem, Ethiopia, was highest in the flesh, peel, and seeds compared to the other sample areas. The Pearson correlation result indicated a strong relationship between the total phenolic, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents of pumpkin and their respective antioxidant activities. This study found that the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity varied across the pumpkin sample sources and pumpkin parts. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Pumpkin, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Ascorbic acid, Antioxidant activity, Ethiopia \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1093-1108. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.3 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44032104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kalam, A. G. Al-Sehemi, M. Ashrafuzzaman, A. M. Sharif, P. Yadav and G. Du
ABSTRACT. In ancient, human used silver and silver salts but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently been found to be accepted as the result of green synthesis. Now a day, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become extremely popular in the field of the sensor due to their remarkable and significant optical, chemical, and electrical properties. In this paper, we have reported the green and reasonably priced synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia confusa leaf extract which acts as both capping as well as reducing agents. The optical sensing and morphology of the as prepared AgNPs were determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The sensing of Hg2+ ion through colorimetric and optical have been studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as the naked eye. Moreover, the SEM analysis showed that the volume of the extract had no considerable effect on the morphology except for size. The colorimetric and optical sensing study revealed that the as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a good response with colorimetric and optical sensing activity specifically towards the toxic Hg2+ ion. KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, AgNPs, Optical sensor, Ultrasonic method Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1287-1298. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.19
{"title":"Optical and colorimetric sensing of toxic mercury ion using green synthesized silver nanoparticles","authors":"A. Kalam, A. G. Al-Sehemi, M. Ashrafuzzaman, A. M. Sharif, P. Yadav and G. Du","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.19","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In ancient, human used silver and silver salts but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently been found to be accepted as the result of green synthesis. Now a day, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become extremely popular in the field of the sensor due to their remarkable and significant optical, chemical, and electrical properties. In this paper, we have reported the green and reasonably priced synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia confusa leaf extract which acts as both capping as well as reducing agents. The optical sensing and morphology of the as prepared AgNPs were determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The sensing of Hg2+ ion through colorimetric and optical have been studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as the naked eye. Moreover, the SEM analysis showed that the volume of the extract had no considerable effect on the morphology except for size. The colorimetric and optical sensing study revealed that the as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a good response with colorimetric and optical sensing activity specifically towards the toxic Hg2+ ion. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, AgNPs, Optical sensor, Ultrasonic method \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1287-1298. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.19 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44188529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. In this study, zirconium oxide (ZrO)-cerium oxide (CeO) based composite coatings were fabricated using doctor blade method to protect pure magnesium from corrosion. The effects of ZrO and CeO on corrosion resistance of magnesium coatings were investigated using Tafel polarization method. Uniform deposition of composite coating without micro-voids was observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results exhibit that the addition of CeO show a higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the specimen coated without CeO in the electrolyte and bare Mg, and also it reduces the corrosion rate of Mg up to 3.67 x 10-5 mpy. Surface morphology of the so developed composite coating result a minimum corrosion on the surface. The usage of ZrO/CeO as coating material is a promising anticorrosive measure for Mg and its alloys due to its elevated corrosion resistance and durability. KEY WORDS: Magnesium, Cerium oxide synthesis, composite coating, Tafel polarization, Surface morphology Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1299-1306. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.20
摘要。本研究采用刮刀法制备了氧化锆（ZrO）-氧化铈（CeO）基复合涂层，以保护纯镁免受腐蚀。采用Tafel极化法研究了ZrO和CeO对镁涂层耐蚀性的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析观察到没有微孔的复合涂层的均匀沉积。结果表明，与在电解质和裸露的Mg中不涂覆CeO的试样相比，添加CeO显示出更高的耐腐蚀性，并且它还将Mg的腐蚀速率降低到3.67 x 10-5mpy。如此开发的复合涂层的表面形态导致表面腐蚀最小。使用ZrO/CeO作为涂层材料是镁及其合金的一种很有前途的防腐措施，因为它具有较高的耐腐蚀性和耐久性。关键词：镁，氧化铈合成，复合涂层，塔菲尔极化，表面形态公牛。化学。Soc.Ethiop。2023,37（5），1299-1306.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.20
{"title":"Exploring the corrosion inhibition of magnesium by coatings formulated with nano CeO and ZrO particles","authors":"V. K. Neela Murali, M. S. Starvin, J. Bensam Raj","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.20","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In this study, zirconium oxide (ZrO)-cerium oxide (CeO) based composite coatings were fabricated using doctor blade method to protect pure magnesium from corrosion. The effects of ZrO and CeO on corrosion resistance of magnesium coatings were investigated using Tafel polarization method. Uniform deposition of composite coating without micro-voids was observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results exhibit that the addition of CeO show a higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the specimen coated without CeO in the electrolyte and bare Mg, and also it reduces the corrosion rate of Mg up to 3.67 x 10-5 mpy. Surface morphology of the so developed composite coating result a minimum corrosion on the surface. The usage of ZrO/CeO as coating material is a promising anticorrosive measure for Mg and its alloys due to its elevated corrosion resistance and durability. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Magnesium, Cerium oxide synthesis, composite coating, Tafel polarization, Surface morphology \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1299-1306. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.20 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Han, Liang Liang Chi, Wei Tao Qin, Ling Hou, Zhi Qiang Cai, Wen Jie Ren, Le Kun Wei
ABSTRACT. A series of novel 4-arylaminoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized by five-step reactions, the structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The result of 5aX crystal was as follows: the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 12.3637(4) Å, b = 12.7902(2) Å, c = 13.2240(5) Å, α = 90°, β = 117.030(5)°, γ = 90°, V = 1862.75(12) Å3, Z = 2, F(000) = 804.0, µ = 0.095 mm-1, S = 1.039, R = 0.0569, wR = 0.1535 for 8417 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The compound 5cX exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on the cell line A549 (IC50 ＜ 2.5 µM) and the drug-resistant cell line H1975 (IC50 ＜ 2.5 µM) by the biological activitywhich were superior to the positive control Zorifertinib (against A549: IC50 = 31.08 µM; against H1975: IC50 = 64.17 µM). Molecular docking revealed that the better inhibitory activity of compound 5cX was owing to the combining EGFRWT and EGFRL858R/T790M by hydrogen bonding. The physicochemical properties of the compounds were predicted by using ADME data analysis, and the results showed that the compounds all obeyed Lipinski's five rules. KEY WORDS: Quinazoline derivatives, Synthesis, X-ray diffraction, Antitumor activity Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1171-1183. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.10
{"title":"Design, synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation of novel 4-arylaminoquin- azoline derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents","authors":"Xiao Han, Liang Liang Chi, Wei Tao Qin, Ling Hou, Zhi Qiang Cai, Wen Jie Ren, Le Kun Wei","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A series of novel 4-arylaminoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized by five-step reactions, the structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The result of 5aX crystal was as follows: the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 12.3637(4) Å, b = 12.7902(2) Å, c = 13.2240(5) Å, α = 90°, β = 117.030(5)°, γ = 90°, V = 1862.75(12) Å3, Z = 2, F(000) = 804.0, µ = 0.095 mm-1, S = 1.039, R = 0.0569, wR = 0.1535 for 8417 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The compound 5cX exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on the cell line A549 (IC50 ＜ 2.5 µM) and the drug-resistant cell line H1975 (IC50 ＜ 2.5 µM) by the biological activitywhich were superior to the positive control Zorifertinib (against A549: IC50 = 31.08 µM; against H1975: IC50 = 64.17 µM). Molecular docking revealed that the better inhibitory activity of compound 5cX was owing to the combining EGFRWT and EGFRL858R/T790M by hydrogen bonding. The physicochemical properties of the compounds were predicted by using ADME data analysis, and the results showed that the compounds all obeyed Lipinski's five rules. \u0000 \u0000KEY WORDS: Quinazoline derivatives, Synthesis, X-ray diffraction, Antitumor activity \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1171-1183. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.10","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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