Abeer A. El-Habeeb, M. Y. El-Sayed, Ibrahim M.A. Alatawy, M. S. Refat
Flumequine ligand (FLQ) metal complexes of the [M(FLQ)2(Cl)(H2O)].nH2O type, where M are (La(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III)) and FLQ is flumequine have been synthesized. The FLQ metal complexes could be prepared using MCl3 : flumequine in stoichiometry of 1:2 in situ bidentate chelation. The characterization of FLQ complexes obtained have been done using elemental analyses (%C, %H and %N), molar conductivity (Ʌm), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic spectra (UV-Vis), thermal analysis (TGA), and physicochemical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements at room temperature. Accordingly, these complexes are indicative of an octahedral coordination structure. Flumequine ligand has a bidentate fashion through the oxygen atoms of carbonyl (quinolone) and carboxylic groups. The findings demonstrated the anti-cancer efficacy of these compounds against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at extremely low doses of up to 58.2 mg/mL. The La(III) complex was shown to have the highest selectivity against cancer cells in comparable with both samarium and terbium(III) complexes. KEY WORDS: Flumequine, Lanthanide metal ions, FTIR, EDX, Complexation, Anticancer activity Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 671-684. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.10
合成了[M(FLQ)2(Cl)(H2O)].nH2O 型氟甲喹配体（FLQ）金属配合物，其中 M 为（La(III)、Sm(III)和 Tb(III)），FLQ 为氟甲喹。FLQ 金属配合物可以使用 MCl3 : 氟甲喹以 1:2 的化学计量原位双齿螯合制备。利用元素分析（%C、%H 和%N）、摩尔电导率（Ʌm）、红外光谱（FTIR）、电子能谱（UV-Vis）、热分析（TGA）以及室温下的 X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线（EDX）测量等物理化学技术，对所获得的 FLQ 复合物进行了表征。因此，这些配合物显示出八面体配位结构。氟甲喹配体通过羰基（喹啉酮）和羧基的氧原子以双齿方式配位。研究结果表明，这些化合物对 HepG-2 和 MCF-7 癌细胞株具有抗癌功效，剂量极低，可达 58.2 毫克/毫升。与钐和铽（III）复合物相比，La（III）复合物对癌细胞的选择性最高。关键字：氟甲喹，镧系金属离子，傅立叶变换红外光谱，电子衍射X，络合，抗癌活性 Bull.Chem.Soc.2024, 38(3), 671-684. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.10
{"title":"Preparation, spectroscopic and anticancer investigations of metal-drug complexes associated between flumequine antibiotic drug with lanthanum(III), samarium(III) and terbium(III) chloride","authors":"Abeer A. El-Habeeb, M. Y. El-Sayed, Ibrahim M.A. Alatawy, M. S. Refat","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Flumequine ligand (FLQ) metal complexes of the [M(FLQ)2(Cl)(H2O)].nH2O type, where M are (La(III), Sm(III), and Tb(III)) and FLQ is flumequine have been synthesized. The FLQ metal complexes could be prepared using MCl3 : flumequine in stoichiometry of 1:2 in situ bidentate chelation. The characterization of FLQ complexes obtained have been done using elemental analyses (%C, %H and %N), molar conductivity (Ʌm), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic spectra (UV-Vis), thermal analysis (TGA), and physicochemical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements at room temperature. Accordingly, these complexes are indicative of an octahedral coordination structure. Flumequine ligand has a bidentate fashion through the oxygen atoms of carbonyl (quinolone) and carboxylic groups. The findings demonstrated the anti-cancer efficacy of these compounds against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at extremely low doses of up to 58.2 mg/mL. The La(III) complex was shown to have the highest selectivity against cancer cells in comparable with both samarium and terbium(III) complexes. \u0000KEY WORDS: Flumequine, Lanthanide metal ions, FTIR, EDX, Complexation, Anticancer activity \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 671-684. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.10 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zainab Esmail Sadeq, Noor Sabah Al-Obaidi, Anfal Salam Al-Mahdawi, Ahmed N. Abd, Zaid H. Mahmoud, Ban W. Kamal
Nano-copper oxide was prepared by utilizing photolysis method and characteristic by using FT-IR, XRD and SEM; the nano size was about 51 nm, environmental impact (pollution reduction) can be improved by using nanostructure particles in preventing corrosion, and nanocomposites have also proven to be an effective alternative to other hazardous and toxic compounds. The results of the current article indicated that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of nano-oxide which is added to methyl orange, curcumin, the corrosion rate (CR), inhibition effectiveness were studied at different temperatures. The results showed an increase corrosion rate and a decrease in inhibition efficiency with increase temperature. KEY WORDS: Corrosion, Inhibitors, Copper oxide, Nanocomposites Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 501-509. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.17
{"title":"Preparation of nanocomposites for corrosion treatment","authors":"Zainab Esmail Sadeq, Noor Sabah Al-Obaidi, Anfal Salam Al-Mahdawi, Ahmed N. Abd, Zaid H. Mahmoud, Ban W. Kamal","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-copper oxide was prepared by utilizing photolysis method and characteristic by using FT-IR, XRD and SEM; the nano size was about 51 nm, environmental impact (pollution reduction) can be improved by using nanostructure particles in preventing corrosion, and nanocomposites have also proven to be an effective alternative to other hazardous and toxic compounds. The results of the current article indicated that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of nano-oxide which is added to methyl orange, curcumin, the corrosion rate (CR), inhibition effectiveness were studied at different temperatures. The results showed an increase corrosion rate and a decrease in inhibition efficiency with increase temperature. \u0000KEY WORDS: Corrosion, Inhibitors, Copper oxide, Nanocomposites \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 501-509. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.17","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hany M Abd El-Lateef, Ali M. Ali, Mai M Khalaf, A. Abdou
The primary objective of the current framework was to synthesize novel mononuclear 1:1:1 complexes involving FeLG, CoLG, NiLG, CuLG, and ZnLG, where the ligand (L) is identified as 4-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono]methylphenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate, and glycine (G) serves as the co-ligand. Comprehensive characterization of the investigated complexes was achieved through various analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity assessments, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The determination of stoichiometry was performed employing the molar ratio technique, revealing the octahedral geometry inherent in the isolated metal complexes. Employing a density functional theory (DFT) approach, the molecular structures of the designated compounds were theoretically elevated, and quantum chemical descriptors were derived to provide a deeper insight into their electronic properties. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential of these compounds against fungal strains and pathogenic bacteria prevalent in the Arab environment was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, emphasizing their role in combating diseases affecting humans, animals, and plants. Notably, the metal complexes exhibited superior antibacterial activity, as evidenced by a higher activity index. Molecular docking investigations were conducted to ascertain the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the 1FJ4 protein, with ZnLG emerging as the compound with the highest binding affinity. These results suggest the promising candidacy of these compounds as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the context of combating bacterial and fungal infections. KEY WORDS: Complexes, Antimicrobial, DFT, Schiff base, Molecular docking Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 397-416. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.9
{"title":"New Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) mixed-ligand complexes: stractural, DFT, biological, and molecular docking studies","authors":"Hany M Abd El-Lateef, Ali M. Ali, Mai M Khalaf, A. Abdou","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the current framework was to synthesize novel mononuclear 1:1:1 complexes involving FeLG, CoLG, NiLG, CuLG, and ZnLG, where the ligand (L) is identified as 4-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono]methylphenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate, and glycine (G) serves as the co-ligand. Comprehensive characterization of the investigated complexes was achieved through various analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity assessments, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The determination of stoichiometry was performed employing the molar ratio technique, revealing the octahedral geometry inherent in the isolated metal complexes. Employing a density functional theory (DFT) approach, the molecular structures of the designated compounds were theoretically elevated, and quantum chemical descriptors were derived to provide a deeper insight into their electronic properties. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential of these compounds against fungal strains and pathogenic bacteria prevalent in the Arab environment was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, emphasizing their role in combating diseases affecting humans, animals, and plants. Notably, the metal complexes exhibited superior antibacterial activity, as evidenced by a higher activity index. Molecular docking investigations were conducted to ascertain the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the 1FJ4 protein, with ZnLG emerging as the compound with the highest binding affinity. These results suggest the promising candidacy of these compounds as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the context of combating bacterial and fungal infections. \u0000KEY WORDS: Complexes, Antimicrobial, DFT, Schiff base, Molecular docking \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 397-416. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.9","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s scenario nanotechnology has great importance in all scientific and non-scientific sectors. In this study, we have synthesized magnetite nanoparticles coated by the proteins available in the Datura leaf extract through a green and eco-friendly method. From the resulting spectrum obtained on Fe3O4 for different volumes of leaf extract of Datura leaf, the surface plasmon resonance seems to be varying with the volume of capping agent. The data shows that as the volume of capping agent increases the SPR value is shifted to red-end. The Eg values increase with the increasing volume of capping agents. The evaluated band gap (Eg) values are close to semiconductors (0-3 eV). The values indicate that the formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles are marginally semiconducting. The Eg values are found to be dependent upon the volume of the capping agent. The properties of nano-sized semiconductor particles depend on particle size. Here, the absorption peaks (λmax) are consistently increased giving rise to red-shift. The value of surface plasmon resonance shift confirmed that particle size is decreased. KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), Leaf extract, Band gap, Optical properties, Surface plasmon resonance Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 493-499. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.16
{"title":"Plant protein-mediated size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles – Studies on optical properties","authors":"Amlan Kumar Das, Vijendra Singh Solanki, Apoorva Fanan, Neha Agarwal, Virendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s scenario nanotechnology has great importance in all scientific and non-scientific sectors. In this study, we have synthesized magnetite nanoparticles coated by the proteins available in the Datura leaf extract through a green and eco-friendly method. From the resulting spectrum obtained on Fe3O4 for different volumes of leaf extract of Datura leaf, the surface plasmon resonance seems to be varying with the volume of capping agent. The data shows that as the volume of capping agent increases the SPR value is shifted to red-end. The Eg values increase with the increasing volume of capping agents. The evaluated band gap (Eg) values are close to semiconductors (0-3 eV). The values indicate that the formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles are marginally semiconducting. The Eg values are found to be dependent upon the volume of the capping agent. The properties of nano-sized semiconductor particles depend on particle size. Here, the absorption peaks (λmax) are consistently increased giving rise to red-shift. The value of surface plasmon resonance shift confirmed that particle size is decreased. \u0000KEY WORDS: Green synthesis, Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), Leaf extract, Band gap, Optical properties, Surface plasmon resonance \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 493-499. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.16","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New azo dyes were prepared from 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in two steps; the first step includes preparation the diazonium salt. Then, diazonium compound coupled with different aromatic compounds containing donating groups (orcinol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, hydroquinone, catechol, 1,2,4-triazole, 2-methyl-naphthol and 4-toluidine, respectively). The physical properties of synthesized compounds were studied like melting point and solubility. The target molecules were characterized using FTIR, NMR and CHNS techniques. The activity of the compounds 1, 3 and 5 as anticorrosion on carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss method at different times and two concentrations (0.003 M, 0.005 M) of inhibitors at 298 K. Compound 5 showed more inhibition efficiency and less weight loss at different concentration in comparison with compound 1 and compound 3. KEY WORDS: Azo dye, 4-Aminosalicylic acid, Diazonium salt, Anti-corrosion Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 473-479. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.14
{"title":"Synthesis of new azo compounds based on 4-aminosalicylic acid and study anti-corrosive activity","authors":"Nour Abd Alrazzak","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"New azo dyes were prepared from 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in two steps; the first step includes preparation the diazonium salt. Then, diazonium compound coupled with different aromatic compounds containing donating groups (orcinol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, hydroquinone, catechol, 1,2,4-triazole, 2-methyl-naphthol and 4-toluidine, respectively). The physical properties of synthesized compounds were studied like melting point and solubility. The target molecules were characterized using FTIR, NMR and CHNS techniques. The activity of the compounds 1, 3 and 5 as anticorrosion on carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss method at different times and two concentrations (0.003 M, 0.005 M) of inhibitors at 298 K. Compound 5 showed more inhibition efficiency and less weight loss at different concentration in comparison with compound 1 and compound 3. \u0000KEY WORDS: Azo dye, 4-Aminosalicylic acid, Diazonium salt, Anti-corrosion \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 473-479. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.14","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we report the use of Embelia schimperi fruits’extract to simultaneously remove methylene blue dye and pathogens from wastewater. The extract of Embelia schimperi fruits was characterized by Atomic force Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of the crude extracts of the fruits were explored as a function of dosage, contact time, pH, initial methylene blue concentrations, and temperature. As a result, the highest removal efficiency of methylene blue was found to be 99.2% at optimum conditions. The adsorption data demonstrated that the adsorption of Embelia schimperi followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.94899) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99326). Besides, crude extracts of the fruits showed significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Agar diffusion tests confirmed that Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to the crude extracts of Embelia schimperi fruits, followed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Thus, the findings of this study confirm the promising potential of Embelia schimperi fruits as a natural adsorbent used to remove methylene blue dye and pathogenic bacteria at the same time from wastewater. KEY WORDS: Embelia schimperi, Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetic, Methylene blue, Waterborne pathogens Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 281-296. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.1
{"title":"Simultaneous removal of methylene blue dye and waterborne pathogens from wastewater using extract of Embelia schimperi fruits","authors":"Belete Tewabe Gebeyehu, Minbale Gashu Tadesse, Abebe Tedla","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report the use of Embelia schimperi fruits’extract to simultaneously remove methylene blue dye and pathogens from wastewater. The extract of Embelia schimperi fruits was characterized by Atomic force Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of the crude extracts of the fruits were explored as a function of dosage, contact time, pH, initial methylene blue concentrations, and temperature. As a result, the highest removal efficiency of methylene blue was found to be 99.2% at optimum conditions. The adsorption data demonstrated that the adsorption of Embelia schimperi followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.94899) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99326). Besides, crude extracts of the fruits showed significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Agar diffusion tests confirmed that Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to the crude extracts of Embelia schimperi fruits, followed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Thus, the findings of this study confirm the promising potential of Embelia schimperi fruits as a natural adsorbent used to remove methylene blue dye and pathogenic bacteria at the same time from wastewater. \u0000KEY WORDS: Embelia schimperi, Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetic, Methylene blue, Waterborne pathogens \u0000 \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 281-296. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.1 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed A.M. Abdelgawad, Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Fatma A. Ahmed
This study was conducted to investigate the ability of hesperidin (HES) to form metal-complexes (HES-M) by chelation with transition metals such iron(III), copper(II), zinc(II), and silver(I), in addition to screen the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum reduction potential methods PRP), anti-Alzheimer activity [(acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] inhibition assay) and coagulant activity (prothrombin time PT assay). The results indicated that HES could form a 1:1 complex with the studied metals in methanolic solution. The complex has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. Complexing of hesperidin with metals leads to increase in the antioxidant activity by 15.4-33%. Also, the total antioxidant capacities of HES-M complexes were increased by 13.8-251%. Cu-complex revealed the most increasing antioxidant activity by 33% for DPPH scavenging activity and 251% for PRP activity. The inhibition capacity of the HES, as well as of the HES-M complexes on the enzyme AChE, was revealed that only HES-Zn complex has higher anti-Alzheimer activity (IC50 1.18 mg/mL). HES and HES-M complexes led to accelerate the clotting time by 28.9-67.3%, where HES-Zn complex was the most accelerating clotting time by 67.3%. The high increase in total antioxidant activity of hesperidin after chelating with copper (251%) opens the door for further research. KEY WORDS: Hesperidin, Metal ions, Complexation, Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Coagulant activity Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 385-395. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.8
{"title":"Synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological investigation of naturally isolated hesperidin and its metal complexes","authors":"Ahmed A.M. Abdelgawad, Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Fatma A. Ahmed","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the ability of hesperidin (HES) to form metal-complexes (HES-M) by chelation with transition metals such iron(III), copper(II), zinc(II), and silver(I), in addition to screen the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum reduction potential methods PRP), anti-Alzheimer activity [(acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] inhibition assay) and coagulant activity (prothrombin time PT assay). The results indicated that HES could form a 1:1 complex with the studied metals in methanolic solution. The complex has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. Complexing of hesperidin with metals leads to increase in the antioxidant activity by 15.4-33%. Also, the total antioxidant capacities of HES-M complexes were increased by 13.8-251%. Cu-complex revealed the most increasing antioxidant activity by 33% for DPPH scavenging activity and 251% for PRP activity. The inhibition capacity of the HES, as well as of the HES-M complexes on the enzyme AChE, was revealed that only HES-Zn complex has higher anti-Alzheimer activity (IC50 1.18 mg/mL). HES and HES-M complexes led to accelerate the clotting time by 28.9-67.3%, where HES-Zn complex was the most accelerating clotting time by 67.3%. The high increase in total antioxidant activity of hesperidin after chelating with copper (251%) opens the door for further research. \u0000KEY WORDS: Hesperidin, Metal ions, Complexation, Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Coagulant activity \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 385-395. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.8","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of three Schiff bases based on 4-aminoantipyrine, ligand A, ligand B, and ligand C. Ligand A was synthesized by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with hydrazine, ligand B by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with ethylenediamine, and ligand C by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with benzaldehyde and hydrazine. The synthesis of the desired Schiff base derivatives was successfully achieved, as confirmed by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results exhibited excellent agreement with previously published data. To evaluate the reactivity of the synthesized Schiff bases in forming stable metal complexes, their reaction with copper(II) ions was examined. The results indicated that ligand A and ligand B effectively utilized the four nitrogen atoms (NNNN) from the 4-aminoantipyrine-N and azomethine-N groups to coordinate with copper(II) ions, while ligand C coordinated with the copper(II) ions using its four azomethine nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, the manufactured copper(II) complexes were subjected to thermal treatment in the air at 600 °C for 3 h, resulting in the successful generation of copper(II) oxide. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis data demonstrated that the produced copper(II) oxide exhibited high purity and possessed a uniform and well-structured morphology. KEY WORDS: Schiff bases, 4-Aminoantipyrine, Copper(II) ion, Thermal decomposition, SEM/EDX, Morphology Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 431-443. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.11
配体 A 是通过 4-氨基安替比林与肼反应合成的，配体 B 是通过 4-氨基安替比林与乙二胺反应合成的，配体 C 是通过 4-氨基安替比林与苯甲醛和肼反应合成的。经元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振（1H 和 13C NMR）光谱证实，成功合成了所需的希夫碱衍生物。实验结果与之前公布的数据非常吻合。为了评估合成的希夫碱在形成稳定的金属配合物方面的反应性，研究人员考察了它们与铜（II）离子的反应。结果表明，配体 A 和配体 B 有效地利用了 4-氨基安替比林-N 和偶氮甲基-N 基团的四个氮原子（NNNN）与铜（II）离子配位，而配体 C 则利用其四个偶氮甲基氮原子与铜（II）离子配位。此外，将制得的铜（II）配合物在 600 °C 的空气中热处理 3 小时，成功生成了氧化铜（II）。扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线分析数据表明，制得的氧化铜（II）纯度高，形态均匀且结构良好。关键字：希夫碱、4-氨基安替比林、铜（II）离子、热分解、扫描电子显微镜/能谱 X 射线、形态 Bull.Chem.Soc.2024, 38(2), 431-443. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.11
{"title":"Capturing of the copper(II) ions by several 4-aminoantipyrine Schiff bases: Synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and decompsition of the resulted complexes into copper(II) oxide","authors":"Samar O. Aljazzar","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of three Schiff bases based on 4-aminoantipyrine, ligand A, ligand B, and ligand C. Ligand A was synthesized by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with hydrazine, ligand B by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with ethylenediamine, and ligand C by reacting 4-aminoantipyrine with benzaldehyde and hydrazine. The synthesis of the desired Schiff base derivatives was successfully achieved, as confirmed by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results exhibited excellent agreement with previously published data. To evaluate the reactivity of the synthesized Schiff bases in forming stable metal complexes, their reaction with copper(II) ions was examined. The results indicated that ligand A and ligand B effectively utilized the four nitrogen atoms (NNNN) from the 4-aminoantipyrine-N and azomethine-N groups to coordinate with copper(II) ions, while ligand C coordinated with the copper(II) ions using its four azomethine nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, the manufactured copper(II) complexes were subjected to thermal treatment in the air at 600 °C for 3 h, resulting in the successful generation of copper(II) oxide. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis data demonstrated that the produced copper(II) oxide exhibited high purity and possessed a uniform and well-structured morphology. \u0000KEY WORDS: Schiff bases, 4-Aminoantipyrine, Copper(II) ion, Thermal decomposition, SEM/EDX, Morphology \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 431-443. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.11","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiwei Huan, Hongchen Du, Rongkai Pan, Jie Li, Lijuan Feng
In the present study, the mechanism of Maillard reaction was investigated using density functional theory calculations. Glucose and aminomethane were used as initial reactants in this study. The calculations show that the Amadori rearrangement reaction is the rate-controlling step with a corresponding energy potential of 402 kJ/mol，the enthalpy change is 219 kJ/mol, which is an endothermic reaction and therefore energy needs to be supplied from outside if the reaction is to proceed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the previous findings and can provide insight into the reaction mechanism of the Maillard reaction. These findings will help further research and find out the correct reaction mechanism. KEY WORDS: Food chemistry, Mechanism, Transition State, Computational chemistry Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 539-545. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.20
{"title":"Theoretical study on glucose and methylamine Maillard reaction: formation of the Amadori rearrangement products","authors":"Weiwei Huan, Hongchen Du, Rongkai Pan, Jie Li, Lijuan Feng","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the mechanism of Maillard reaction was investigated using density functional theory calculations. Glucose and aminomethane were used as initial reactants in this study. The calculations show that the Amadori rearrangement reaction is the rate-controlling step with a corresponding energy potential of 402 kJ/mol，the enthalpy change is 219 kJ/mol, which is an endothermic reaction and therefore energy needs to be supplied from outside if the reaction is to proceed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the previous findings and can provide insight into the reaction mechanism of the Maillard reaction. These findings will help further research and find out the correct reaction mechanism. \u0000KEY WORDS: Food chemistry, Mechanism, Transition State, Computational chemistry \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 539-545. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.20","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azo dye ligand derived from 4,5-diphenyl imidazole and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was synthesized by diazomium coupling reaction. In this reaction an amine (4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was converted to the diazonium salt and coupled with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole. The bright coloured Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with this ligand were synthesized by refluxing the latest with both metals chloride salts. The prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption. By the infrared data, the coordination between copper and zinc ions and the azo ligand achieved through the nitrogen of the azo group and one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring. By the molar conductivity test, the non- electrolytic nature of both complexes was also confirmed. The suggested structure for these complexes is octahedral. Using density functional theory (DFT) some theoretical data was obtained for the synthesized complexes. The obtained data include the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energy (HOMO and LUMO), electron density, thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔS°, ΔH°, ΔE°), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electrophilicity(ὠ), electronegativity (En), chemical hardness (η) and dipole moment (μ). According to these studied parameters some properties of the two complexes were explained and discussed. KEY WORDS: Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes, Azo ligand, 4,5-Diphenylimidazole, 4,4-Diaminodiphenylmethane, Theoretical study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 313-323. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.4
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and theoretical aspects of copper and zinc divalent ion complexes with azo dye derived from 4,5-diphenylimidazole","authors":"Suad Taha Saad","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Azo dye ligand derived from 4,5-diphenyl imidazole and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was synthesized by diazomium coupling reaction. In this reaction an amine (4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane was converted to the diazonium salt and coupled with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole. The bright coloured Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with this ligand were synthesized by refluxing the latest with both metals chloride salts. The prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption. By the infrared data, the coordination between copper and zinc ions and the azo ligand achieved through the nitrogen of the azo group and one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole ring. By the molar conductivity test, the non- electrolytic nature of both complexes was also confirmed. The suggested structure for these complexes is octahedral. Using density functional theory (DFT) some theoretical data was obtained for the synthesized complexes. The obtained data include the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energy (HOMO and LUMO), electron density, thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔS°, ΔH°, ΔE°), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electrophilicity(ὠ), electronegativity (En), chemical hardness (η) and dipole moment (μ). According to these studied parameters some properties of the two complexes were explained and discussed. \u0000KEY WORDS: Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes, Azo ligand, 4,5-Diphenylimidazole, 4,4-Diaminodiphenylmethane, Theoretical study \u0000Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 313-323. \u0000DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.4","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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