Hadush Gebrehiwot, A. Dekebo, Kebede Shenkute, Urgessa Ensermu, Milkyas Endale
In the present work, the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potencies of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi were evaluated. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the EOs and the chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity of the EOs were evaluated against four bacterial strains by agar disc diffusion method. Moreover, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay method. Perillyl alcohol (13.08%) and phytone (12.64%) were the major compounds detected in the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule respectively. Whereas, nootkatone was the principal compound detected in the leaves (30.12%) and roots (26.52%) of Ziziphus spinachristi. The antibacterial activity results showed that, the EOs of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi displayed the highest inhibition zones against Streptococcus pyogenes (13.67 ± 0.34 and 12.67 ± 0.10 mm respectively) at 10 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the EOs were also promising, and the strongest IC50 value (4.15 µg/mL) was calculated for Ziziphus spinachristi (leaves). Thus, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the EOs enlighten the use of these plants for the aforementioned activities and as a common ingredients in cosmetic applications. KEY WORDS: Essential oils, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Cyphostemma adenocaule, Ziziphus Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 167-186. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.13
{"title":"Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Ccyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi","authors":"Hadush Gebrehiwot, A. Dekebo, Kebede Shenkute, Urgessa Ensermu, Milkyas Endale","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potencies of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi were evaluated. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the EOs and the chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity of the EOs were evaluated against four bacterial strains by agar disc diffusion method. Moreover, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay method. Perillyl alcohol (13.08%) and phytone (12.64%) were the major compounds detected in the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule respectively. Whereas, nootkatone was the principal compound detected in the leaves (30.12%) and roots (26.52%) of Ziziphus spinachristi. The antibacterial activity results showed that, the EOs of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi displayed the highest inhibition zones against Streptococcus pyogenes (13.67 ± 0.34 and 12.67 ± 0.10 mm respectively) at 10 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the EOs were also promising, and the strongest IC50 value (4.15 µg/mL) was calculated for Ziziphus spinachristi (leaves). Thus, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the EOs enlighten the use of these plants for the aforementioned activities and as a common ingredients in cosmetic applications. KEY WORDS: Essential oils, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Cyphostemma adenocaule, Ziziphus Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 167-186. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.13","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belete Tewabe Gebeyehu, Daniel Manaye Kabtamu, Temesgen Alehegne Tasew
In this study, kocho was prepared from pseudostem and corm of Ensete ventricosum (enset).The behaviors of kocho were examined by using FESEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The biosorption potential of kocho, a possible low-cost new biosorbent for the efficient removal of MB dye from wastewater was investigated. Biosorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to study the effects of biosorbent dosages (0.025-0.2 g), pH (2–10), initial concentrations of MB (10 to 100 mg/L) and contact time (10 to 120 min).The highest removal efficiency of methylene blue dye (94.2%) was recorded at optimum experimental conditions. Following the removal study, it was determined that the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 0.997) and Langmuir isothermal (R 2= 0.996) models may well describe the MB dye biosorption process. Furthermore, this newly developed biosorbent was fairly recyclable up to five cycles without significant loss of re-adsorption efficiency (around 9.6% loss) between 1st and 5th cycle. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that a new kocho biosorbent derived from Ensete ventricosum can be used as a promising low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient biosorbent for the rapid removal of MB from aqueous solutions. KEY WORDS: Kocho, Ensete ventricosum, Biosorption, Methylene blue, Kinetics, Isothermal Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 69-84. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.6
{"title":"Efficient removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using a new biosorbent derived from Ensete ventricosum (Enset)","authors":"Belete Tewabe Gebeyehu, Daniel Manaye Kabtamu, Temesgen Alehegne Tasew","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, kocho was prepared from pseudostem and corm of Ensete ventricosum (enset).The behaviors of kocho were examined by using FESEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The biosorption potential of kocho, a possible low-cost new biosorbent for the efficient removal of MB dye from wastewater was investigated. Biosorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to study the effects of biosorbent dosages (0.025-0.2 g), pH (2–10), initial concentrations of MB (10 to 100 mg/L) and contact time (10 to 120 min).The highest removal efficiency of methylene blue dye (94.2%) was recorded at optimum experimental conditions. Following the removal study, it was determined that the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 0.997) and Langmuir isothermal (R 2= 0.996) models may well describe the MB dye biosorption process. Furthermore, this newly developed biosorbent was fairly recyclable up to five cycles without significant loss of re-adsorption efficiency (around 9.6% loss) between 1st and 5th cycle. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that a new kocho biosorbent derived from Ensete ventricosum can be used as a promising low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient biosorbent for the rapid removal of MB from aqueous solutions. KEY WORDS: Kocho, Ensete ventricosum, Biosorption, Methylene blue, Kinetics, Isothermal Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 69-84. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.6","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gadisa Wakuma, Estifanos Ele Yaya, Negash Getachew, Negussie Megersa
In this study a dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) method was utilized for extraction of trace pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples. Factors influencing the extraction performances were tested and accordingly 900 µL dichloroethane as the extraction solvent, 1400 µL acetonitirle as dispersive solvent, 10 min extraction time at 4000 rpm centrifugation, and pH 5 were found optimum. Acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid in water were used as eluent. The column temperature was maintained at 25 °C and the optimum detection wavelengths of 273 nm for sulfamethoxazole and 280 nm for ciprofloxacin were used. For both the analytes, the coefficients of determinations (r2) were found to vary from 0.9989 to 0.9997, confirming good linearity in the concentration range of 0.005-100 µg mL-1 for sulfamethoxazole and 0.01-100 µg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.78-1.58 ng mL-1 and 2.24-5.28 ng mL-1, respectively; the RSDs were 0.41-3.21% for intra-day precision and 0.37-6.44% for inter-day precision. The concentrations of the three pharmaceuticals determined ranged from 0.76-1.53 μg mL-1 in the wastewater samples collected from Black Lion Hospital. However, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline were not detected and only low concentration of sulfamethoxazole was detected in the wastewater samples collected from Menelik II Hospital. KEY WORDS: Antibiotics, DLLME, Dispersive solvent, Hospital wastewater Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 27-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.3
{"title":"A selective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction technique for trace level pollutants enrichment of pharmaceutical residues from hospital wastewaters followed by liquid chromatographic analysis","authors":"Gadisa Wakuma, Estifanos Ele Yaya, Negash Getachew, Negussie Megersa","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) method was utilized for extraction of trace pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples. Factors influencing the extraction performances were tested and accordingly 900 µL dichloroethane as the extraction solvent, 1400 µL acetonitirle as dispersive solvent, 10 min extraction time at 4000 rpm centrifugation, and pH 5 were found optimum. Acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid in water were used as eluent. The column temperature was maintained at 25 °C and the optimum detection wavelengths of 273 nm for sulfamethoxazole and 280 nm for ciprofloxacin were used. For both the analytes, the coefficients of determinations (r2) were found to vary from 0.9989 to 0.9997, confirming good linearity in the concentration range of 0.005-100 µg mL-1 for sulfamethoxazole and 0.01-100 µg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.78-1.58 ng mL-1 and 2.24-5.28 ng mL-1, respectively; the RSDs were 0.41-3.21% for intra-day precision and 0.37-6.44% for inter-day precision. The concentrations of the three pharmaceuticals determined ranged from 0.76-1.53 μg mL-1 in the wastewater samples collected from Black Lion Hospital. However, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline were not detected and only low concentration of sulfamethoxazole was detected in the wastewater samples collected from Menelik II Hospital. KEY WORDS: Antibiotics, DLLME, Dispersive solvent, Hospital wastewater Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 27-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.3","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hany M Abd El-Lateef, Ali M. Ali, Mai M Khalaf, A. Abdou
The present framework has as its goal the design and synthesis and characterization of new mononuclear 1:1:1 (M:L:Q) mixed-ligand complexes, including FeLQ, CoLQ, NiLQ, CuLQ, and ZnLQ. The "L," is the 4-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono]methylphenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, while the "Q," is the 8-hydroxy quinoline. According to the findings, L and Q ligands each play the role of a neutral bi-dentate NN and a monobasic bi-dentate ON ligand, respectively. The findings demonstrated an octahedral shape. The density functional theory (DFT) technique was employed, and the quantum chemical descriptors were assessed, to optimize the molecular structure of the compounds. An in vitro investigation was carried out to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds. According to the findings, the activity of metal complexes as potential candidates for use as antibiotics and antifungals is much greater than that of their free ligands. The in-silico inhibition of the 1fj4 protein was investigated using molecular docking. ZnLQ complex was the one that inhibited the 1fj4 protein with the greatest degree of success. The fact that this is the case lends credence to the notion that these compounds have the potential to function as launchpads for the development of new classes of antibiotics. KEY WORDS: Metal complexes, Schiff-base, Antimicrobial, DFT, Molecular docking Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 147-166. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.12
{"title":"New iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) mixed-ligand complexes: Synthesis, structural, DFT, molecular docking and antimicrobial analysis","authors":"Hany M Abd El-Lateef, Ali M. Ali, Mai M Khalaf, A. Abdou","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The present framework has as its goal the design and synthesis and characterization of new mononuclear 1:1:1 (M:L:Q) mixed-ligand complexes, including FeLQ, CoLQ, NiLQ, CuLQ, and ZnLQ. The \"L,\" is the 4-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono]methylphenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, while the \"Q,\" is the 8-hydroxy quinoline. According to the findings, L and Q ligands each play the role of a neutral bi-dentate NN and a monobasic bi-dentate ON ligand, respectively. The findings demonstrated an octahedral shape. The density functional theory (DFT) technique was employed, and the quantum chemical descriptors were assessed, to optimize the molecular structure of the compounds. An in vitro investigation was carried out to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds. According to the findings, the activity of metal complexes as potential candidates for use as antibiotics and antifungals is much greater than that of their free ligands. The in-silico inhibition of the 1fj4 protein was investigated using molecular docking. ZnLQ complex was the one that inhibited the 1fj4 protein with the greatest degree of success. The fact that this is the case lends credence to the notion that these compounds have the potential to function as launchpads for the development of new classes of antibiotics. KEY WORDS: Metal complexes, Schiff-base, Antimicrobial, DFT, Molecular docking Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 147-166. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.12","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haewon Byeon, K. Haribabu, Giriraj Kiradoo, V. S. Sreenivasan, M. Sivaprakash, S. Richard, J. Sunil
This study examines the physicochemical properties and corrosion resistance of hydrothermally produced copper oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (CuO/rGO). The CuO/rGO nanocomposite has a well-defined and homogeneous structure, decreased crystal size, and uniformly distributed CuO nanoparticles tethered to the rGO. X-Ray diffraction confirms the fabrication of 15.1 nm crystalline monoclinic CuO nanoparticles. EDX confirms the composite's composition by detecting Cu, O, and C components. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (LSV) tests evaluate the CuO/rGO nanocomposite's corrosion resistance. A mild steel plate under an HCl electrolyte with corrosion in the PPM ratio treats the nanocomposite-coated substrate. The composite's synergistic effect is assessed by comparing its corrosion performance to CuO/rGO concentrations in ppm. The corrosion resistance data demonstrate that the CuO/rGO composite improves with inhibitor concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Adding rGO to the composite protects it and speeds up charge transfer, reducing corrosion and improving stability. The composite's synergistic effect of CuO and rGO provides excellent corrosion resistance regardless of concentration, making it a viable material for corrosion-prone applications. The research develops novel and effective anti-corrosion methods to preserve materials in the food, automotive, and large-scale energy industries. KEY WORDS: CuO/rGO nanocomposite, Tafel plot, Corrosion protection, Surface analysis Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 269-280. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.20
{"title":"Evaluation of physiochemical and electrochemical behaviour of reduced grapheme functionalized copper nanostructure as an effective corrosion inhibitor","authors":"Haewon Byeon, K. Haribabu, Giriraj Kiradoo, V. S. Sreenivasan, M. Sivaprakash, S. Richard, J. Sunil","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the physicochemical properties and corrosion resistance of hydrothermally produced copper oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (CuO/rGO). The CuO/rGO nanocomposite has a well-defined and homogeneous structure, decreased crystal size, and uniformly distributed CuO nanoparticles tethered to the rGO. X-Ray diffraction confirms the fabrication of 15.1 nm crystalline monoclinic CuO nanoparticles. EDX confirms the composite's composition by detecting Cu, O, and C components. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (LSV) tests evaluate the CuO/rGO nanocomposite's corrosion resistance. A mild steel plate under an HCl electrolyte with corrosion in the PPM ratio treats the nanocomposite-coated substrate. The composite's synergistic effect is assessed by comparing its corrosion performance to CuO/rGO concentrations in ppm. The corrosion resistance data demonstrate that the CuO/rGO composite improves with inhibitor concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Adding rGO to the composite protects it and speeds up charge transfer, reducing corrosion and improving stability. The composite's synergistic effect of CuO and rGO provides excellent corrosion resistance regardless of concentration, making it a viable material for corrosion-prone applications. The research develops novel and effective anti-corrosion methods to preserve materials in the food, automotive, and large-scale energy industries. KEY WORDS: CuO/rGO nanocomposite, Tafel plot, Corrosion protection, Surface analysis Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 269-280. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.20","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sorption of light lanthanides, La(III) and Gd(III) on Mn–Ni nanoparticle was studied at varying ions concentrations, pH, contact time and temperatures. The kinetics of sorption of La(III) and Gd(III) were investigated, the experimental data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order forms, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption kinetics of investigated ions was described by pseudo-second-order model. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models were used to analyze the sorption isotherm data of ion exchange of La(III) and Gd(III) on Mn–Ni nanoparticle. The best fit was obtained by the Langmuir model with high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.995) with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 8.81 mg/g. KEY WORDS: Sorption isotherm, Kinetics models, Mn–Ni nano particle Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 255-267. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.19
{"title":"Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic modeling of light lanthanides(III): La(III) and Gd(III) using Mn–Ni nanoparticles","authors":"Y. F. El-Aryan","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The sorption of light lanthanides, La(III) and Gd(III) on Mn–Ni nanoparticle was studied at varying ions concentrations, pH, contact time and temperatures. The kinetics of sorption of La(III) and Gd(III) were investigated, the experimental data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order forms, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption kinetics of investigated ions was described by pseudo-second-order model. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models were used to analyze the sorption isotherm data of ion exchange of La(III) and Gd(III) on Mn–Ni nanoparticle. The best fit was obtained by the Langmuir model with high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.995) with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 8.81 mg/g. KEY WORDS: Sorption isotherm, Kinetics models, Mn–Ni nano particle Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 255-267. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.19","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of heavy metals on the formation of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from degradation of reducing sugars in honey collected from Ilu Woreda, West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia were studied. The concentration level of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in honey sample was determined using AOAC Official Method. The concentration of HMF in honey was determined using international honey commission standards. The concentrations of heavy metals in fresh honey were 11 ± 0.001, 454 ± 0.002, 630 ± 0.001 and 1 ± 0.001 µg kg-1 for Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd, respectively. The influence of heavy metals on the formation of HMF in honey samples was studied on 5, 30 and 60 days after spiking at concentration level of 10,000 µg kg-1 of each heavy metal. The concentration of HMF for untreated honey samples was ranged 1380-2200 µg kg-1 for the storage time of 5, 30 and 60 days. The concentration of HMF in honey samples spiked with Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd were found to be in the range of 2100-2150, 1900-2430, 2100-2270 and 2050-2330 µg kg-1, respectively. The results of this study indicate that contamination of honey with heavy metal facilitate the formation of HMF. KEY WORDS: Fresh honey, HMF, Heavy metal ions, HPLC-DAD and Honey quality Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 1-10. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.1
{"title":"Influence of heavy metal ions and storage time on hydroxymethylfurfural formation in honey collected from Ilu Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Tsedeke Birhanu, T. Tolcha","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of heavy metals on the formation of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from degradation of reducing sugars in honey collected from Ilu Woreda, West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia were studied. The concentration level of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in honey sample was determined using AOAC Official Method. The concentration of HMF in honey was determined using international honey commission standards. The concentrations of heavy metals in fresh honey were 11 ± 0.001, 454 ± 0.002, 630 ± 0.001 and 1 ± 0.001 µg kg-1 for Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd, respectively. The influence of heavy metals on the formation of HMF in honey samples was studied on 5, 30 and 60 days after spiking at concentration level of 10,000 µg kg-1 of each heavy metal. The concentration of HMF for untreated honey samples was ranged 1380-2200 µg kg-1 for the storage time of 5, 30 and 60 days. The concentration of HMF in honey samples spiked with Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd were found to be in the range of 2100-2150, 1900-2430, 2100-2270 and 2050-2330 µg kg-1, respectively. The results of this study indicate that contamination of honey with heavy metal facilitate the formation of HMF. KEY WORDS: Fresh honey, HMF, Heavy metal ions, HPLC-DAD and Honey quality Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 1-10. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.1","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sivakavinesan, M. Vanaja, M. Anto-Rishiba, E. Amutha, G. Annadurai, R. Mariselvam, Tahani Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, G. Tamilselvan
Hybridized nanocatalysts (AgNPs-Fe2O3) were prepared with silver nitrate and ferric chloride in the presence of sodium borohydride. The synthesized nanocatalyst was calcined, milled, and sieved for further applications. The nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the identification of functional moieties involved in the synthesis of the nanocatalyst. The vibrations of Fe and Ag were found at 566, 790 and 892 cm-1. The crystalline nature of the nanocatalyst was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The diffraction peaks for Ag and Fe can be seen at 2θ values of 30.42, 44.36, 62.45, 42.24 and 53.25. The morphology and elemental analysis of nanocatalysts were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The particles are found to be spherical in shape. The signal for Ag and Fe can be found at 3.0 keV and 0.7, 6.3, 7.0 keV, respectively. The synthesized nanocatalyst was employed in the remediation of 2,4-dinitrophenol. The AgNPs-Fe2O3 nanocatalyst completely reduced (97%) the 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2,4-diaminophenol within 24 h. KEY WORDS: Nanocatalyst, Chemical precipitation, Impregnation methodology, Milling, Sieving, Remediation Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 113-121. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.9
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanocatalyst (AgNPs-Fe2O3) for catalytic remediation of hazardous 2,4-dinitrophenol","authors":"M. Sivakavinesan, M. Vanaja, M. Anto-Rishiba, E. Amutha, G. Annadurai, R. Mariselvam, Tahani Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, G. Tamilselvan","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridized nanocatalysts (AgNPs-Fe2O3) were prepared with silver nitrate and ferric chloride in the presence of sodium borohydride. The synthesized nanocatalyst was calcined, milled, and sieved for further applications. The nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the identification of functional moieties involved in the synthesis of the nanocatalyst. The vibrations of Fe and Ag were found at 566, 790 and 892 cm-1. The crystalline nature of the nanocatalyst was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The diffraction peaks for Ag and Fe can be seen at 2θ values of 30.42, 44.36, 62.45, 42.24 and 53.25. The morphology and elemental analysis of nanocatalysts were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The particles are found to be spherical in shape. The signal for Ag and Fe can be found at 3.0 keV and 0.7, 6.3, 7.0 keV, respectively. The synthesized nanocatalyst was employed in the remediation of 2,4-dinitrophenol. The AgNPs-Fe2O3 nanocatalyst completely reduced (97%) the 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2,4-diaminophenol within 24 h. KEY WORDS: Nanocatalyst, Chemical precipitation, Impregnation methodology, Milling, Sieving, Remediation Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 113-121. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.9","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safa Q. Hussien, Mohamed M. El-Defrawy, Esam A. Gomaa, Marwa G. El-Ghalban
The hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.1 M) supporting electrolyte was used in the electrochemical estimation cyclic voltammetry for CaCl2 concentrations also using crystal violet dye or (hexamethyl pararosaniline) as ligand. For oxidation and reduction waves, the potential range is 0.5 V, -0.5 V. The interaction of calcium ions with crystal violet was examined using several analytical estimates, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The analytical concentration for calcium ions in different samples especially in Nile River were estimated in the range from 1.6 to 14.3 mmol. The estimation of calcium ion concentrations was achieved up to 11.49 mmol in waste water in Mansoura University. Applications were made for calcium estimation of different water samples and molecular docking of the calcium-crystal violet complex against the Hepatitis C viral proteins (4i33, 4KTC), roving strong bonds of interaction were observed. And anti-bacterial effect on calcium complex with crystal violet and face mask N-95 tissue. KEY WORDS: Calcium ions, Thermodynamic properties, Solvation parameters, Nile water samples, Anti-bacterial, Molecular docking Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 43-54. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.4
{"title":"Determination of calcium in water samples by using Au-electrode in HCl solution in the absence and presence of a crystal violet and environmental studies","authors":"Safa Q. Hussien, Mohamed M. El-Defrawy, Esam A. Gomaa, Marwa G. El-Ghalban","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.1 M) supporting electrolyte was used in the electrochemical estimation cyclic voltammetry for CaCl2 concentrations also using crystal violet dye or (hexamethyl pararosaniline) as ligand. For oxidation and reduction waves, the potential range is 0.5 V, -0.5 V. The interaction of calcium ions with crystal violet was examined using several analytical estimates, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The analytical concentration for calcium ions in different samples especially in Nile River were estimated in the range from 1.6 to 14.3 mmol. The estimation of calcium ion concentrations was achieved up to 11.49 mmol in waste water in Mansoura University. Applications were made for calcium estimation of different water samples and molecular docking of the calcium-crystal violet complex against the Hepatitis C viral proteins (4i33, 4KTC), roving strong bonds of interaction were observed. And anti-bacterial effect on calcium complex with crystal violet and face mask N-95 tissue. KEY WORDS: Calcium ions, Thermodynamic properties, Solvation parameters, Nile water samples, Anti-bacterial, Molecular docking Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 43-54. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.4","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Alwan Farhan, Wassan Baqir Ali, Wijdan Amer Ibrahim, Zaid H. Mahmoud
To prevent or reduce the drawback effect and prolong the life of PVC and preserve its composition and efficiency, compounds are incorporated with PVC. In this work, three highly aromatic anti-cancer Schiff base compounds in symbol (C2, C3 and C5) were applied to photostabilize of PVC against photodegradation, by added it to the polymer in the form of Schiff bases, to increase the stability of polymer when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, (λmax = 365 nm) at 30 ºC, with the intensity of the light wavelength at 1920 lux for a long duration. The PVC was blended with Schiff's base in concentration (0.5 %wt.), with thickness films (40 μm) were made from the blended materials. Several methods were used, including infrared spectroscopy, surface examination of irradiated films to know the effect of additives on PVC photostabilization and conductivity of films were measured by LCR meter. The results showed that the additives significantly reduced the photodegradation of PVC. C2 compound as additive, stabilize PVC more than other additives, it can absorb harmful radiation, deactivate hydrogen chloride, and scavenge high-energy species such as peroxides. Several mechanisms of photostabilization for C2 compound have been suggested. Therefore it is acting as stabilizers for PVC. KEY WORDS: PVC, Photostabilizer, UV radiation, AFM, FESEM, LCR-meter Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 135-146. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.11
{"title":"Anti-cancer Schiff bases as photostabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)","authors":"Mohammed Alwan Farhan, Wassan Baqir Ali, Wijdan Amer Ibrahim, Zaid H. Mahmoud","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v38i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent or reduce the drawback effect and prolong the life of PVC and preserve its composition and efficiency, compounds are incorporated with PVC. In this work, three highly aromatic anti-cancer Schiff base compounds in symbol (C2, C3 and C5) were applied to photostabilize of PVC against photodegradation, by added it to the polymer in the form of Schiff bases, to increase the stability of polymer when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, (λmax = 365 nm) at 30 ºC, with the intensity of the light wavelength at 1920 lux for a long duration. The PVC was blended with Schiff's base in concentration (0.5 %wt.), with thickness films (40 μm) were made from the blended materials. Several methods were used, including infrared spectroscopy, surface examination of irradiated films to know the effect of additives on PVC photostabilization and conductivity of films were measured by LCR meter. The results showed that the additives significantly reduced the photodegradation of PVC. C2 compound as additive, stabilize PVC more than other additives, it can absorb harmful radiation, deactivate hydrogen chloride, and scavenge high-energy species such as peroxides. Several mechanisms of photostabilization for C2 compound have been suggested. Therefore it is acting as stabilizers for PVC. KEY WORDS: PVC, Photostabilizer, UV radiation, AFM, FESEM, LCR-meter Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 135-146. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.11","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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