Rachel Evelyn Carey, Gabriel Ribeiro, Z.D. Paddock, Diego Moya, Tim A. McAllister, Gregory B. Penner
The objective was to evaluate the replacement of barley-based ingredients with short-season high-moisture corn products on steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. Over 2 years, 320 beef steers (528 ± 36.2 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 32 pens (4 pens/treatment/year). Treatments were finishing diets that contained dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage (BGBS; control), barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), high-moisture shelled corn and barley grain with barley silage (HCBS), or snaplage (included as a silage and grain source) with barley grain (SNAP). Steers were fed for 99 days and 72 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Steers fed BGCS did not differ ( P ≥ 0.13) from BGBS for dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, or carcass characteristics. Steers fed HCBS had greater ( P ≤ 0.05) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage than BGBS. A lesser ( P = 0.02) proportion of steers fed SNAP had severe liver abscesses than BGBS. We concluded that corn silage can replace barley silage, 50% replacement of barley grain with high-moisture shelled corn may improve hot carcass weight, and replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage decreases the proportion of cattle with severe liver abscesses at slaughter.
{"title":"Short-season high-moisture shelled corn, snaplage, or corn silage as a partial replacement for dry-rolled barley grain or barley silage in western Canadian beef cattle finishing diets","authors":"Rachel Evelyn Carey, Gabriel Ribeiro, Z.D. Paddock, Diego Moya, Tim A. McAllister, Gregory B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the replacement of barley-based ingredients with short-season high-moisture corn products on steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. Over 2 years, 320 beef steers (528 ± 36.2 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 32 pens (4 pens/treatment/year). Treatments were finishing diets that contained dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage (BGBS; control), barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), high-moisture shelled corn and barley grain with barley silage (HCBS), or snaplage (included as a silage and grain source) with barley grain (SNAP). Steers were fed for 99 days and 72 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Steers fed BGCS did not differ ( P ≥ 0.13) from BGBS for dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, or carcass characteristics. Steers fed HCBS had greater ( P ≤ 0.05) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage than BGBS. A lesser ( P = 0.02) proportion of steers fed SNAP had severe liver abscesses than BGBS. We concluded that corn silage can replace barley silage, 50% replacement of barley grain with high-moisture shelled corn may improve hot carcass weight, and replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage decreases the proportion of cattle with severe liver abscesses at slaughter.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. VanderZaag, E. Le Riche, B. Qian, Ward N. Smith, H. Baldé, V. Ouellet, É. Charbonneau, T. Wright, R. Gordon
Canada’s climate is warming faster than the global average, but the warming is unevenly distributed. This study analyzes historical and future climate change in dairy producing regions across Canada to better understand how Canada’s dairy cows are affected. Historical changes (i.e., 1960 - 2019) were assessed using temperature and humidity data from 29 weather stations across the country. The temperature humidity index (THI) was used as an indicator of dairy cattle at risk of heat stress, and three THI metrics evaluated the frequency, severity, and duration of potential heat stress. Future scenarios were investigated using five global climate models to project daily THI under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections were grouped into three time periods (2020-2049, 2040-2069, and 2060-2089). Historical climate trends show an increase in temperature, humidity, and THI exceedance in most west coast and eastern Canada locations, affecting 84% of the national dairy herd. Future scenarios project that 90% of the national herd will experience a large increase in the frequency, severity, and duration of THI exceedance under all but the most optimistic SSP. These findings highlight the need for Canadian dairy farmers to consider heat stress adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Trends in the risk of heat stress to Canadian dairy cattle in a changing climate","authors":"A. VanderZaag, E. Le Riche, B. Qian, Ward N. Smith, H. Baldé, V. Ouellet, É. Charbonneau, T. Wright, R. Gordon","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Canada’s climate is warming faster than the global average, but the warming is unevenly distributed. This study analyzes historical and future climate change in dairy producing regions across Canada to better understand how Canada’s dairy cows are affected. Historical changes (i.e., 1960 - 2019) were assessed using temperature and humidity data from 29 weather stations across the country. The temperature humidity index (THI) was used as an indicator of dairy cattle at risk of heat stress, and three THI metrics evaluated the frequency, severity, and duration of potential heat stress. Future scenarios were investigated using five global climate models to project daily THI under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections were grouped into three time periods (2020-2049, 2040-2069, and 2060-2089). Historical climate trends show an increase in temperature, humidity, and THI exceedance in most west coast and eastern Canada locations, affecting 84% of the national dairy herd. Future scenarios project that 90% of the national herd will experience a large increase in the frequency, severity, and duration of THI exceedance under all but the most optimistic SSP. These findings highlight the need for Canadian dairy farmers to consider heat stress adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin J. Delver, H. Lardner, J. Mckinnon, G. Ribeiro, Mika Asai-Coakwell, G. Penner
Beef cows (n = 100) were ranked for efficiency based on cow rump fat thickness at calving, calving date, and calf weaning weight (% dam BW) over 2 years. The 9 most (ME) and least efficient (LE) cows were used to compare feed intake and ruminal fermentation using four 26-d periods with decreasing dietary nutrient density. There were no phenotype × diet interactions for variables of primary interest. Rump fat and calf weaning weight were greater and calving date was earlier for ME than LE (P ≤ 0.032). The ME cows were lighter (P < 0.001) but had similar DMI (P = 0.93) to LE cows, resulting in greater DMI (%BW; P < 0.001). Ruminal contraction amplitude height and area (P ≤ 0.015), and ruminal digesta weight were greater for LE than ME cows (P = 0.043). Ruminal aNDFom passage was greater for ME cows than LE cows (P = 0.047) but the rate of aNDFom degradation did not differ (P = 0.69). Total tract digestibility did not differ. Efficient cows had greater rump fat, weaned heavier calves, ate more relative to their BW, had smaller ruminal digesta mass, and greater ruminal passage of aNDFom without reducing digestibility.
{"title":"Development of an Efficiency Ranking System for Beef Cows and Effects on Feed Intake, Ruminal Fermentation and NDF Turnover, and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility","authors":"Justin J. Delver, H. Lardner, J. Mckinnon, G. Ribeiro, Mika Asai-Coakwell, G. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Beef cows (n = 100) were ranked for efficiency based on cow rump fat thickness at calving, calving date, and calf weaning weight (% dam BW) over 2 years. The 9 most (ME) and least efficient (LE) cows were used to compare feed intake and ruminal fermentation using four 26-d periods with decreasing dietary nutrient density. There were no phenotype × diet interactions for variables of primary interest. Rump fat and calf weaning weight were greater and calving date was earlier for ME than LE (P ≤ 0.032). The ME cows were lighter (P < 0.001) but had similar DMI (P = 0.93) to LE cows, resulting in greater DMI (%BW; P < 0.001). Ruminal contraction amplitude height and area (P ≤ 0.015), and ruminal digesta weight were greater for LE than ME cows (P = 0.043). Ruminal aNDFom passage was greater for ME cows than LE cows (P = 0.047) but the rate of aNDFom degradation did not differ (P = 0.69). Total tract digestibility did not differ. Efficient cows had greater rump fat, weaned heavier calves, ate more relative to their BW, had smaller ruminal digesta mass, and greater ruminal passage of aNDFom without reducing digestibility.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ashrafian, nasser emam jomeh kashan, M. Abbasi, A. Sadeghi, M. Rokouei
The aim this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows is associated with survival. Cows with least 10 Test days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a Random Regression Model by REML with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyze various curve characteristics using an animal model. The EBV of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40-305 predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m_(40,Peak)) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (p˂0.05). The estimates of LP were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL. Because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the LP and m_(40,Peak) of FL information of their daughters.
{"title":"Study of Persistency of lactation and Survival of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using Random Regression Model","authors":"A. Ashrafian, nasser emam jomeh kashan, M. Abbasi, A. Sadeghi, M. Rokouei","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows is associated with survival. Cows with least 10 Test days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a Random Regression Model by REML with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyze various curve characteristics using an animal model. The EBV of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40-305 predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m_(40,Peak)) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (p˂0.05). The estimates of LP were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL. Because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the LP and m_(40,Peak) of FL information of their daughters.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study to determine the effects of feeding 0, 10, 15 and 20% camelina expeller meal (CEM) on production and milk fatty acid profiles. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content decreased linearly, whereas milk yield decreased quadratically, as CEM increased. Milk fat concentration of C18:2n-6 and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased linearly, whereas that of C18:3n-3 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 increased quadratically as CEM increased. Results show that CEM levels up to 20% decrease DMI and milk yield but increase milk contents of desirable omega-3 fatty acids.
{"title":"Feeding graded levels of camelina expeller meal up to 20% of dietary dry matter decreases feed intake and milk production, but enhances concentrations in milk fat of n-3 fatty acids in dairy cows","authors":"T. Mutsvangwa, Sarah Thomas, R. Newkirk","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study to determine the effects of feeding 0, 10, 15 and 20% camelina expeller meal (CEM) on production and milk fatty acid profiles. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content decreased linearly, whereas milk yield decreased quadratically, as CEM increased. Milk fat concentration of C18:2n-6 and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased linearly, whereas that of C18:3n-3 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 increased quadratically as CEM increased. Results show that CEM levels up to 20% decrease DMI and milk yield but increase milk contents of desirable omega-3 fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kelln, G. Penner, S. Acharya, T. McAllister, J. Mckinnon, A. Saleem, B. Biligetu, H. Lardner
The effect of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed 2 legumes, cicer milkvetch and sainfoin at 2 stages (vegetative and late flower) incubated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at 5 inclusion rates 0:100; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in batch culture. Experiment 2 analyzed vegetative cicer milkvetch and alfalfa incubated in ratios of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in continuous culture systems (RUSITEC). In batch culture, increased dry matter disappearance (DMD), and propionate percentage (%, total), and reduced methane (mg g-1 DMD) occurred with vegetative cicer milkvetch inclusion. In RUSITEC, DMD linearly increased (P < 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio quadratically decreased, while ammonia (NH3-N) concentration (P<0.01) and butyrate percentage (% total) linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing inclusion of cicer milkvetch. No differences were observed for methane (CH4) production (mg g-1 DMD), or short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (mmol d-1). Microbial nitrogen synthesis and efficiency of protein synthesis linearly increased (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of cicer milkvetch. Results suggest cicer milkvetch may result in synchronicity of energy and nitrogen during rumen fermentation, which could enhance cattle production.
{"title":"Effect of mixtures of legume species on ruminal fermentation, methane and microbial nitrogen production in batch and continuous culture (RUSITEC) systems","authors":"B. Kelln, G. Penner, S. Acharya, T. McAllister, J. Mckinnon, A. Saleem, B. Biligetu, H. Lardner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0095","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed 2 legumes, cicer milkvetch and sainfoin at 2 stages (vegetative and late flower) incubated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at 5 inclusion rates 0:100; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in batch culture. Experiment 2 analyzed vegetative cicer milkvetch and alfalfa incubated in ratios of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in continuous culture systems (RUSITEC). In batch culture, increased dry matter disappearance (DMD), and propionate percentage (%, total), and reduced methane (mg g-1 DMD) occurred with vegetative cicer milkvetch inclusion. In RUSITEC, DMD linearly increased (P < 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio quadratically decreased, while ammonia (NH3-N) concentration (P<0.01) and butyrate percentage (% total) linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing inclusion of cicer milkvetch. No differences were observed for methane (CH4) production (mg g-1 DMD), or short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (mmol d-1). Microbial nitrogen synthesis and efficiency of protein synthesis linearly increased (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of cicer milkvetch. Results suggest cicer milkvetch may result in synchronicity of energy and nitrogen during rumen fermentation, which could enhance cattle production.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Issah Bagulo, Abdul-Rahman Ibn Iddriss, Mohammed Abubakari, Victor Asiedu Nsor, Joshua Katusime
Gastro intestinal parasites are developing resistance to various commercial anthelminthics. Hence, the need to explore the efficacies of herbal plants against gastro-intestinal parasites. The study was therefore conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyles and coccidia spp. in sheep.A total of 60 sheep were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Those in group A, B, C and D were given albendazole (ABZ), 10% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL10), 20% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL20) and 10ml distilled water (Dw) respectively. All four treatments were given orally, depending on the body weight of the animals, with the exception of the distilled water which was constant (10ml) for each animal. Fecal samples were collected from each sheep and examined using McMaster technique. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2. The study brought to light that the prevalence of strongyles in sheep was 70% in the study area at pre-treatment. BL10 had efficacies of 52.58% and 65.08% against strongyles and coccidia spp. respectively. BL20 produced similar anthelmintic effect against strongyles as albendazole. Strongyle spp. showed resistance against albendazole in the study area.
{"title":"Efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyle and coccidia infections in sheep","authors":"Issah Bagulo, Abdul-Rahman Ibn Iddriss, Mohammed Abubakari, Victor Asiedu Nsor, Joshua Katusime","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Gastro intestinal parasites are developing resistance to various commercial anthelminthics. Hence, the need to explore the efficacies of herbal plants against gastro-intestinal parasites. The study was therefore conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf against strongyles and coccidia spp. in sheep.A total of 60 sheep were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Those in group A, B, C and D were given albendazole (ABZ), 10% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL10), 20% aqueous V. amygdalina extract (BL20) and 10ml distilled water (Dw) respectively. All four treatments were given orally, depending on the body weight of the animals, with the exception of the distilled water which was constant (10ml) for each animal. Fecal samples were collected from each sheep and examined using McMaster technique. The data were analyzed using R version 4.2. The study brought to light that the prevalence of strongyles in sheep was 70% in the study area at pre-treatment. BL10 had efficacies of 52.58% and 65.08% against strongyles and coccidia spp. respectively. BL20 produced similar anthelmintic effect against strongyles as albendazole. Strongyle spp. showed resistance against albendazole in the study area.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat stress adversely affects the litter traits of Landrace, the primary dam breed in Taiwan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress during sow pregnancy with homogeneous and heterogeneous residuals to estimate the genetic parameters of the Taiwan Landrace. Performance records for 11,657 litters and weather data from 2008 to 2021 were collected. The climate effect was defined proportionally from cool to hot for climates 1 to 5. The homogeneous residual analysis showed that the heritabilities of the total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA) were 0.164 ± 0.014 and 0.111 ± 0.014 with residual variances of 10.338 and 9.164, respectively. The heterogeneous residual analysis showed that, the residual variances for TNB and NBA were 8.934-11.113 and 8.196-9.810, respectively. For TNB, the residual variance in the Herd-Year-Climate effect differed significantly in climate 1 from climates 3 to 5 (p < 0.01). In NBA, the residual variance was significantly lower in climates 1 and 2 than in climates 3 and 5 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, heritability was estimated for TNB and NBA. In addition, residual variances could interact with the climate effect in heterogeneous residual analysis.
{"title":"Does the climate influence the variance of residual in litter traits of Taiwan Landrace sows?","authors":"Kai-Hsiang Lin, Ruei-Syuan Wu, E. Lin","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0113","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress adversely affects the litter traits of Landrace, the primary dam breed in Taiwan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress during sow pregnancy with homogeneous and heterogeneous residuals to estimate the genetic parameters of the Taiwan Landrace. Performance records for 11,657 litters and weather data from 2008 to 2021 were collected. The climate effect was defined proportionally from cool to hot for climates 1 to 5. The homogeneous residual analysis showed that the heritabilities of the total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA) were 0.164 ± 0.014 and 0.111 ± 0.014 with residual variances of 10.338 and 9.164, respectively. The heterogeneous residual analysis showed that, the residual variances for TNB and NBA were 8.934-11.113 and 8.196-9.810, respectively. For TNB, the residual variance in the Herd-Year-Climate effect differed significantly in climate 1 from climates 3 to 5 (p < 0.01). In NBA, the residual variance was significantly lower in climates 1 and 2 than in climates 3 and 5 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, heritability was estimated for TNB and NBA. In addition, residual variances could interact with the climate effect in heterogeneous residual analysis.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43484765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Golam Kafi Afrose Mia, T. Winders, Eric M. Serum, S. Amat, B. Neville, C. Dahlen, David J. Smith, K. Swanson
To evaluate the effects of feeding hempseed cake on digestive enzymes, crossbred heifers ( n = 32; 494 ± 10 kg body weight) were fed diets containing 20% (dry matter basis) dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or hempseed cake for 111 days. There was greater ( P = 0.05) pancreatic mass relative to body weight in heifers fed hempseed cake. No differences ( P ≥ 0.19) in digestive enzyme activity in the pancreas (α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase) and jejunum (maltase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase) were observed between treatments. Our results suggest that feeding hempseed cake did not influence digestive enzyme activity.
{"title":"The effects of feeding hempseed cake on pancreatic and jejunal digestive enzymatic activity in finishing heifers","authors":"Md. Golam Kafi Afrose Mia, T. Winders, Eric M. Serum, S. Amat, B. Neville, C. Dahlen, David J. Smith, K. Swanson","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effects of feeding hempseed cake on digestive enzymes, crossbred heifers ( n = 32; 494 ± 10 kg body weight) were fed diets containing 20% (dry matter basis) dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or hempseed cake for 111 days. There was greater ( P = 0.05) pancreatic mass relative to body weight in heifers fed hempseed cake. No differences ( P ≥ 0.19) in digestive enzyme activity in the pancreas (α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase) and jejunum (maltase, glucoamylase, and isomaltase) were observed between treatments. Our results suggest that feeding hempseed cake did not influence digestive enzyme activity.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E. Carey, Z. D. Paddock, G. Ribeiro, T. McAllister, G. Penner
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substituting barley grain with short-season, high-moisture shelled corn, and barley grain and barley silage with snaplage on ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion in beef cattle fed finishing diets. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers (420 ± 16.4 kg body weight) were fed a barley grain and silage finishing diet (BG), a diet where half of the barley grain was replaced with high-moisture shelled corn (HC), or a diet where the barley silage and a portion of grain were replaced with snaplage (SN) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. While dry matter and starch intake were unaffected, feeding SN resulted in greater (P = 0.02) ruminal but not total tract starch digestibility than BG. Ruminal pH did not differ between HC and BG, but SN reduced (P = 0.02) minimum ruminal pH relative to BG. Feeding BG increased (P = 0.04) ruminal ammonia concentrations over HC. In conclusion, high-moisture shelled corn can partially replace barley grain with minimal impact on nutrient digestibility or ruminal fermentation, but replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage may increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
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